Aim To explore the direct correlation between serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D[25-(OH)D], parathyroid hormone (PTH) and hypertension. Methods From March 2014 to July 5,8 patients inhospitalized in department of cardiology were selected. Based on the presence of hypertension, they were divided into hypertension group (198 cases) and non-hypertension group (170 cases). Demographic information was collected and blood samples were taken to probe levels of PTH and 25-(OH)D. Correlation between 25-(OH)D, PTH and hypertension were tested.Results Serum 25-(OH)D level of patients in hypertension group was lower than that in non-hypertension group (37.67±18.23 nmol/L vs 42.45±20.41 nmol/L,P=0.018). Difference in PTH of the two groups lacked statistical significance (50.08±28.80 ng/L vs 50.45±22.37 ng/L, P=0.892). Pearson correlation analysis showed that 25-(OH)D level was negatively correlated with PTH(r=－0.225,P<0.05). Multivariable logistic regression indicated that vitamin D deficiency was the independent risk factor of hypertension (OR=1.7,5%CI 1.138～2.996,P=0.013),whereas PTH showed no correlation with hypertension. Conclusion Vitamin D lack or deficiency has independent risk effect on hypertension.