Aim To evaluate the association between serum uric acid levels with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in middle-aged health checkup population. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 24095 subjects were included in the study. Blood pressure, body height and body mass were measured, blood lipid, blood glucose and renal function were measured. The relationship between the level of blood uric acid and chronic renal disease was observed. CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)＜60 mL/min/1.73 m². Results The prevalence of hyperuricemia was 16.0%, the prevalence of hyperuricemia in males was significantly higher than in females (21.6% vs. 7.3%), meanwhile its prevalence increased with the age, especial in those postmenopausal female. Compared to the serum uric acid first quartile, the multivariate-adjusted odds for CKD of fourth quartiles were 6.30(95%CI was 4.84～8.19) in male and 9.08(95%CI was 6.27～13.14) in female. Conclusions The serum uric acid was age-related increase, especial in postmenopause female. The hyperuricemia was independent risk factor of CKD, the association of hyperuricemia and CKD in female was significantly robust in female than in male.