Aim To study the effect of renal artery radiofrequency ablation in endarterium or adventitia on renal artery atherosclerosis by detecting expression levels of renal artery macrophage scavenger receptor (CD36 and SR-A). Methods 14 healthy beagles (7 male, 7 female) were randomly divided into experimental group (n=10) and control group (n=4), and two arteries in every beagle of the experimental group were randomly assigned to endarterium group(10 artery) and adventitial group(10 artery). At 1 month and 3 months follow-up, renal artery angiography was performed to observe the renal artery morphological change; HE staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to observe the renal artery pathological change; Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of renal artery macrophage scavenger receptor (CD36 and SR-A). Results (1) At 1 month follow-up, 1 case of obvious renal artery stenosis was found in endarterium group. (2) In the experimental group after renal denervation, intimal structure of renal artery was discontinued by HE staining, but no change was found in the control group; Immunohistochemistry showed the higher expression of CD36 in renal artery of experimental group. (3) The expression of scavenger receptors (CD36 and SR-A) in renal artery:①At 1 month follow-up, the expression levels of scavenger receptor CD36 and SR-A were significantly higher in endarterium group (n=5) and adventitia group (n=5) than that in the control group (n=4) (P<0.001); And the expression levels of scavenger receptor CD36 and SR-A were significantly higher in endarterium group (n=5) than that in adventitia group (P=0.040 and P=0.007); ②At 3 months follow-up, the expression levels of scavenger receptor CD36 and SR-A were significantly higher in endarterium group (n=5) and adventitia group (n=5) than that in control group (n=4) (P<0.001); And the expression levels of scavenger receptor CD36 and SR-A were significantly higher in endarterium group (n=5) than that in adventitia group (n=5) (P<0.001). Conclusion Renal artery stenosis may appear after renal denervation, and it was easier to lead to renal artery stenosis after renal denervation in endarterium;The structure of renal artery endarterium may be damaged (thickening and discontinuous) after renal denervation; and it is higher in endarterium, so it has the potential risk of renal atherosclerosis after renal denervation.