The vascular endothelial cell (VEC) is a single layer of flat squamous epithelium covering the intima of the blood vessel. It constitutes a biological barrier to the blood vessel wall. It is not only a protective barrier but also produces some autocrine secretion. The substance is used to regulate homeostasis and vascular tone and has a variety of biological functions. VECsenescence can lead to vascular dysfunction, which is a major risk factor for cardiovascular system (CVS) and has a close relationship with cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, themechanism of VEC senescence and the effects of VEC senescence on vascular function are not fully understood. This review summarizes the characteristics of VEC senescence and its related molecular mechanisms, and describes age-related CVD.