C1q/TNF-related protein-6 (CTRP6) is a member of the CTRP superfamily. Recently, researchers have highlighted CTRP6 as a novel adipokine that play an important role in obesity and insulin resistance (IR). Exploring the biological function and molecular mechanism of CTRP6 in adipocytes may provide a new approach to obesity-related metabolic diseases. This paper mainly reviews the research progress of the structure, distribution of CTRP6, and its biological function in the pathogenesis of IR.