The high incidence, high disability rate and high mortality of atherosclerotic related stroke have a serious effect on the society, patients and their families. Therefore, timely and effective diagnosis is particularly important for clinicians to accurately evaluate the risk factors of the disease and select effective treatment methods. Research shows that the expression changes of more and more protein, microRNA and lipid factors are closely related to the occurrence, development and prognosis of atherosclerotic related stroke, which may be potential biomarkers of stroke. In this paper, the biomarkers of atherosclerotic related stroke were reviewed systematically by consulting the domestic and foreign literature, in order to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic related stroke.