Vascular complications of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), clinically manifested as microvascular and macrovascular complications, are the most important causes of patients' death and disability. Poor glycemic control and elevated glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels are the main risk factors for the development of vascular complications.Intensive hypoglycemic therapy can be used as a tertiary prevention method for T1DM patients to prevent vascular complications. Studies including new oral hypoglycemic agents and stem cell therapy for T1DM vascular complications have been started. It is expected to provide more methods and evidence-based medical evidence for the prevention and treatment of T1DM vascular complications. Deep understanding of the mechanism of occurrence and development of T1DM vascular complications is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular events in T1DM patients.