As a recently identified family member of the heme-containing peroxidases in cardiovascular system, vascular peroxidase 1 (VPO1) can utilize NADPH oxidase (NOX)-derived hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) to produce hypochlorous acid (HClO) then greatly amplify the oxidatice stress, and it is implicated in the pathogenesis of several cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction and pulmonary arterial hypertension. This review aims to summarize the role and potential mechanism of VPO1-mediated oxidative stress in cardiovascular diseases.