Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a serious threat to human health. Atherosclerosis (As), as an important pathological basis of CVD, is a chronic immune inflammatory disease caused by the deposition of oxidized lipid in the vascular wall. Various immune inflammatory cells play a key role in the occurrence and development of As, so it is very important to explore the mechanism of immune cells in the pathological changes to study the treatment strategy of CVD.In this paper, the functions of neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, dendritic cells and mast cells in As are reviewed.