The prevalence of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases is increasing all over the world, and the social and economic burden caused by it is increasing. It has become a major public health problem for mankind. In recent years, a large amount of evidence shows that proper exercise training can prevent and treat cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. This paper reviews the molecular mechanism and therapeutic value of exercise training in cardiovascular diseases such as pathological myocardial hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, heart failure and atherosclerosis, and metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes and fatty liver, in order to provide evidence and ideas for further research on prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases based on exercise training.