Atherosclerosis (As) is a focal vascular disease that closely related to many injury factors such as endothelial inflammation, oxidative stress, and shear stress. More and more studies have shown that the risk of As is higher in a variety of non-cardiovascular diseases. This review summarizes the mechanism of As in respiratory system diseases, digestive system diseases, urinary and reproductive system diseases, autoimmune diseases and metabolic diseases from the perspective of endothelial inflammation and oxidative stress.