Cardiovascular disease is one of the major diseases that seriously threaten the health of Chinese residents, and the fatality rate stands first in the disease spectrum in China for a long term. With the rapid development of population aging, the prevalence and mortality of cardiovascular diseases remain on the rise, and the current treatment effect on and prognosis of heart failure are not satisfactory. It is particularly important to explore the potential pathogenic mechanisms of heart failure and identify new therapeutic targets. This article reviews the research advances in targeted therapy for heart failure in recent years, which may provide new ideas for delaying the progress of heart failure.