N⁶-methyladenosine (m⁶A) modification is one of the most abundant epitranscriptomic modifications in eukaryotic mRNA, with dynamic and reversible properties. This modification process is coordinated by methyltransferases, demethylases, and related m⁶A binding proteins, which in turn affect mRNA metabolism and function. Increasing evidence has indicated that the m⁶A RNA modification plays an important role in the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis (As) and other related diseases. This paper provide a comprehensive review of the relationship between m⁶A RNA modification and As. The entire manuscript summarizes the m⁶A RNA modification mechanism and its roles in As-related cells including endothelial cells, macrophages, and smooth muscle cells, and discusses the association of m⁶A RNA modification with risk factors of As such as high-fat diet, ischemia/hypoxia, oscillatory stress, and hypertension. Finally, this review summarizes researches on drug intervention targeting m⁶A RNA methylation to mitigate As. These studies provide important references for exploring new targets for early diagnosis and treatment of As.