Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a common disease in the elderly, with an increasing incidence rate, easy rupture, high mortality, and no effective drugs to slow down the development of AAA. The pathogenesis of AAA is closely related to extracellular matrix degradation, apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells and inflammation. It has been found that arachidonic acid derivatives, especially prostaglandins such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) and thromboxane A2(TXA2), play important roles in the development of AAA. Therefore, this review discusses the mechanism of arachidonic acid derivatives in the development of AAA, as well as the latest research progress of the drugs, to provide ideas for the treatment of AAA and the discovery of new drug targets.