In the study of cardiovascular diseases, Peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) is the only mammalian 1-Cys member of the Peroxiredoxin (PRDX) family and has attracted much attention. PRDX6 plays a unique role in oxidative stress due to its peroxidase activity and phospholipase A2 activity, and has been shown to participate in redox homeostasis and phospholipid metabolism. In recent years, the role of PRDX6 in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases has received great attention. However, there is no unified understanding of the function of PRDX6 in the cardiovascular system at present. This article aims to briefly summarize the research progress of PRDX6 in cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, pulmonary hypertension, myocardial infarction, heart failure, abdominal aortic aneurysm, and systematically review the expression changes, mechanism of action, and possible therapeutic potential of PRDX6 in these cardiovascular diseases, hoping to provide new ideas and strategies for cardiovascular diseases intervention.