Abstract:Aim To investigate which component in oxidized low density lipoprotein(OLDL)is responsible for the apoptosis in macrophages induced by OLDL , the roles of several components in OLDL in apoptosis in macrophages were studied; Methods LDL was modified by Cu2+,cell nuclei were stained with Hoechst 3 325 8 ; DNA ladder was observed by agarose gel electrophoresis。Results OLDL could induce apoptosis in macrophages characterized by appearance of DNA ladder and nucleus condensation , but native LDL and acetylated LDL (Ac-LDL) could not,Pre-clearance of lipid hydroperoxides(LOOH)in OLDL by ebselen plus GSH could partly inhibit apoptosis induced by OLDL. Lipid moiety in OLDL could induce apparent apoptois, but protein moiety could not.BOth linoleic acid and cholesterol, the main components of LDL lipid,oxidized separately,could induce apoptosis in macrophages.The DNA fragmentation induced by linoleic acid and cholesterol oxidized together was much more apparent than that induced by either of linoleic acid and cholesterol oxidized alone.Conclusions LOOH and oxidized cholesterol in OLDL may be responsible for t he apoptosis in macrophages induced by OLDL.

Abstract:Present study observed the direct effects of hypoxia on expression of inducible nitric oxide synthetase(iNOS)in endothelial cells(CMEC)which isolated from rats'cerebral cortical microvessels,using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RTPCR)technique. Hypoxic mixed gases were over the cultural endothelial ce11s in different time with BNA310N2-O2-CO2 incubator(TAEAI ESPEC Co).The experimental results showed that serious hypoxia,the partial pressure of O2 is 6.7kPa in cultural medium,can induce the expression of iNOS gene in CMEC after 24 hours,reoxygenation cannot entire eliminate the effect.The moderate hypoxia, the partial pressure of O2 is 10.7 kPa, cannot induce the expression of iNOS gene,These results suggested that hypoxia could be an inducer of production of iNOS in CMEC and NO may play an importent role in regulation of cerebral microcirculation under hypoxia.

Abstract:Aim Oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein(LDL)has been proved to play a crucial.role in atherogenesis,In this paper,we studied the kinetic changes of several products produced during oxidative modification of LDL in vitro. Methods Oxidative modification of LDL was initiated by Cu2+ and kinetic changes of lipid hydroperoxides(LOOH),conjugated diene(CD),thiobarbrturic acid reactive substances(TBARS),relative electrophoretic mobility(REM) and fluorescence of LDL were determined. Results The content of TBARS,fluorescence in LDL and REM of LDL increased with the modification time,but the changes of LOOH and CD were different.Their kinetic changes showed three different phases:lag, propagation and decomposition. Conclusions The values of TBARS,REM and fluorescence of LDL could denote the extent of modification,but that of LOOH and CD cold not.By comparing the lag time,the susceptibility to the oxidative modification of LDL from different donors and the inhibitory effect of antioxidants on the oxidative modification could be studied.

Abstract:This report presents the studies ofsera levels of lipoprotein(a) [Lp (a)] and genetic polymorphism of apolipoprotein(a)[Fapo(a)] in obese children. The aims of this study were to explore the relationship between obese children and high sera levelsof Lp(a) and the distributive characteristics of geneticphenotypes of apo(a).Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to measure sera levels of Lp(a)in 57 obese children and their parents. The genetic phenotypes of apo (a) were determined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE)and Western blot analysis, Of 75%subjects of obese children with high Lp(a) level, one side of their parents had high concentration of sera Lp(a).A total of 7 different phenotypes of apo(a) were determined from 41 obese children , including 5 different phenotypes of single-isoform and 2 different phenotypes of two-isoform,Obese children mostly had S1 and S2 phenotypes,but the controls generally had S4 phenotype.The similar reports have not been found in the recent5-year references. The study of genetichenotypes of apo(a) in obese children can be of great importance to protection and treatment of the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease induced by obesity.

Abstract:The smooth muscle cell-derived foam cell formation is one of the characteristics at the intermediate and late stages of atherosclerosis, In this paper we studied the effect of macrophages on the formation of smooth muscle cell-derived foam cells,The volumes of oxidized low density lipoprotein binding and uptake were measured with cell enzyme linked immunosorbent assay method to show the scavenger receptor activities,The contents of intracellular cholesterol were also measured.The results indicat ed that macrophage conditioned medium could induce the smooth muscle cells ( SMC ) scavenger receptor expression and its intracellular cholesterol accumulation,and that increase the SMC intracellular cholesterol contents, This supported that macrophages could release some factors to enhance the SMC scavenger receptor expression and the intracellular lipid accumulation, and that the interaction between SMC and macrophages may play an important role in the development of atherosclerosis.

Abstract:Aim To observe the changes of fibrinolytic activityin plasma of patients with atherosclerotic diseases and the relation between the fibrinolytic activity and the serum lipids.Methods 31 patients with atherosclerotic diseases were compared with 30 healthy subjects.Results The type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) activity and the tissue type plasminogen activator(tPA) antigen in plasma were higher in the atherosclerotic than in the control group (12. 50±5. 06vs 6. 93±3.82 kAU/L,P=0. 0031: and8. 94±3.53vs 5.36±2.33 μg/L,P=0. 0001) , respectively In personal correction analysis , plasma PAI-1 activity correlated positively with serum total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC)(r=0. 270～0. 526.P=0. 0001～0.0356).The plasma tPA antigen correlated positively with serum TG(r=0.32.P=0.0101).Conclusions The hypofibrinolysis is due to the plasma PAI-1 level elevating , but not to the tPA less producing.The higher serum concentration of TC and TG could stimulate the PAI-1 synthesis and secretion by the endothelium , which impaires fibrinolyticactivity in plasma.

Abstract:Aim study in effect of Xiao Shuan Oral Preparations on aortic wall by aortic dilation lesion .Methods:20 New Zealand rabbits were dealed withoperation of aortic balloon dilation,Administration of Xiao Shuan Oral Preparations, 6 times every week,2. 5 ml/kg every time.Results ①After operation, the value of intimal thickness and 3H-TdR incorporation of smooth muscle cell was lower in administration group than in control group (P<0. 05).②There is a significant suppress ing effect on platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor mRNA expression of aortic endothelium in administration group after operation(P<0.05).Conclusions Experiments have shown effects of Xiao Shuan oral Preparations on suppressing pathological proliferation and PDGF receptor mRNA expression, decreasing aortic restenosis after aortic balloon dilation lesion.

Abstract:Aim The effect of oxidized low density lipoprotein (OLDL) on adhesion of monocytes to cultured pig aortic endothelial cell (EC), expression of granule membrane protein l40 (GMP-140) and secretion of prostacyclin (PGI2)was studied.Methods Adhesion of monocytes to EC was determined with Terrio' s assay.Expression of GMP-140and secretion of PGI2 were detected the use of enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results It was found that oxidized low density lipoprotein enhanced the adhesion of monocytes to EC in a dose-dependent and time-relative manner. Adhesion increased with increasing concentration of oxidized low density lipoprotein up to 100 mg protein/L and then levelled off. There was an initial but not significant increase in adhesion seen half an hour after exposure, a abvious rise at 1h and up to a maximum at 3 h.There after, the adhesion level decreased.Meanwhile,oxidized low density lipoprotein(100 mg/L)enhanced the amount of GMP-140 on EC membrane from 92.8±47.6 to 293.0±140.7μg/L(P<0.05) , but a inpaired EC secretion in PGI2 from 84.6±8.7 to 6.0±3.1ng/L (P<0.01).Conclusions These results indicate that oxidized low density lipoprotein may enhance th interaction between monocytes and EC via the adhesion molecular,GMP140.

Abstract:The serum autoantibody against malondialehyde modified low density lipoprotein(MDALDL)was investigated in the healthy and hyperlipidemic patients of different age groups,Our results showed:①The autoantibody concentration of MDALDL in the healthy increased with aging , and showed the remarkable increase in male over 4 5 years and female over 65 years.The autoantibody concentration of male was markedly higher than that of female in the group 45 years~ 64 years; No difference between male and female was found in other age groups.②The autoantibody concentration of MDA-LDL in the hypertriglyceromic and mixedly haperlipidemic group was higher than that of the healthy group in all age groups.The autoantibody concentration of the hypercholesterolemia was much higher than that of the healthy in groups before 45 years,But in the groups over 45 years, no significant difference was seen between the hypercholesterolemic and the healthy. It was suggested that the serum concentration of autoantibody against MDA-LDL was affected by age and sex,and related to the level of the serum lipids.

Abstract:Aim The changes of the membrane fluidity (MF) and Ca2+-ATPase activity of the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum(SR) and relation between them were investigated in venovascular hypertensive rats and normotensive rats.Methods Two-kidney, one-clip(2klc)renovascular hypertension was produced in SD rats by constriction of the left renal artery with a silver clip. Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into four group : animals made hypertensive for 6 weeks( H6 ) and 10 weeks (H10) , respectively. And age-matched control rats ( C6 and C10) underwent sham surgery.The membrane enriched with SR was isolated by a modified of Harigayas and Schwartz' s method.The cardiac SR Ca2+-ATPase activity and SR MF were determinated by James' and fluorescent polarization methods,respectively. All values are x±sand were analyzed with an analysis of variance and a student's test.Results The cardiac SR Ca2+-ATPase activity and MF in hypertensive rats seemed like a tendency to reduce to compared with those in normotensive groups.But it was no statistical difference between them. With age growing, the MF of cardiac SR in all rats showed a decline tendency, especially, in hyperteinsive groups(H10 vs H6,P<0. 05).Conclusions The above results suggest that the change of Ca2+-ATPase activity was as a same tendency as one of MF in the cardiac sR of hypertensive groups. The SR Ca2+-transport function was no reduced significantly during 6 or 10 weeks when the hypertension continued, one of the reasons that cardiac SR MY dropped markedly during short period might be an influence of hypertension.

Abstract:In this studies, we used the plaque grades,the endangia thickness of aorta as Criteria to estimate the atherosclerotic lesiOn grade in Quails and to choose the best modeling time. At the saml time , we have also studied the relationship of the atherosclerosis , cholesterols and the membrane fluidity of peripheral red blood cell.The results showed that the modeling time was the retated the grade of atherosclerosis. It was ideal to model for 16 weeks; Plagues existed on the endangia of the aorta, and the endangia thickened under a microscope. The pathomorphologic changes were similar to that of human being. The membrane fluiditydecreased.The animal's model may be useful in the research of atherosclerosis in human.

Abstract:Lipoprotein(a)receptors on monkeyliver cell ular membranes were round by Western blotting.Since lipoprotein (a) is structural homology to plasminogen, the lipoprotein(a)receptors were further verified by plasminogen antibOdies.The experiments were conducted as follows :first ,the primary extract of the membrane receptors were made from fresh monkey liver by homogenaion, centrifugation and ultrasonic treatment etc.Soon,the extract was separated by electrophoresis and transfered Onto nitrocellulose(NC) filters.Then,lipoprotein(a)purified from human plasma bound with high affinity to isolated China rhesus monkey liver cellular membrane lipoprotein receptors on nitrocellulose blots and in a solid-phase assay, and it was further verified by plasminogen antibOdies. The results showed that there existed lipoprotein(a) receptors.Thus we conclude that lipoprotein (a) has its own catabolism pathway.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the effect of glycosylated low density lipoproteins(gLDL)on expression of sis oncogene in human monocyte-macrophagesand its significance in accerelated atherosclerosis associated with diabetes.Methods Total RNA were isolated from monocyte-macrophages which were prepared by density gradient centrifugation from healthy subjects blood,The dot blot hybridizations were performed with digoxin labelling V-sis probes and detected by chemical lu minescence and densitometry scanning,Results The gLDL significantly enhanced the expression of V-sis in cultured human monocytemacrophages.Conclusions The stimulating effects on sis oncogene expression of gLDL contribute to its atherogenic properties, which may be an important machanism for high incidence of atherosclerosis in diabetic patients.