Abstract:Aim: This study evaluated the relation between autoantibody against oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and serum lipids in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).Methods: The titre of autoantibodies aganist oxLDL and lipid levels in samples of 92 CHD and 105 healthy controls were measured using the enzymelinked immunosorbent assay techinque.Results: The experiment showed that patients withCHD had significant higher levels of autoantibodies than control subjects in regard to anti-ox-LDL IgG(0.45±0. 13 versus 0. 35± 0.09, P<0. 01 ), and the positive rate of autoantibodies was predominant in the subjects with hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia,higher LDL cholesterol, and elderly people (≥45), the differences were significant. The titre of autoantibodies against ox-LDL was correlated with total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG ), Their correlation coefficients were 0. 360 and 0. 408, these were also significantly different.Conclusions: The presence and increase in autoantibodies titers in patients with CHD could be considered a reliable sign of an increased LDL oxidation in vivo,and the titre of autoantibodies could be influenced by the degree of hypercholesterolemia or other factors which influence lipid peroxidation.

Abstract:Aim: Myocardial nuclear caIcium transport was investigated on the model of isoproterenol (ISO) induced cardiac hypertrophy.Methods: Rats were given injections of ISO subcutaneously (20, 10 and 5 mg/kg/day for 3 days, subsequently 3 mg/kg/day for 7 days). Myocardial nuclei were purified with sucrose density centrifugation and identified zymologically, the activity of Ca2+-ATPase was measured zymololgically and calciurn uptake was assayed with 45 Ca2+ isotope.Results: The ratio of heart weight to body weight in ISO group increased by 40% (P<0.01), and ISO-injured heart presented typical cardiac hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis. Collagen and calcium content in myocardial tissue increased by 81 % and 41 % respectively (P<0.05). Vmax and Km of ATPase activity decreased by about 24% and 46. 1 % respectively (P<0. 05 ). Significant decrease of nuclear Ca2+ uptake was observed and Vmax value was lowered by 62 % compared with that of control(P<0. 01 ), but Km value remained unchanged.Conclusion: The above results indicated a dysfunction of nuclear calcium transport in hypertrophic myocardium.

Abstract:Aim: To investigate the possible role of HSV-Ⅱ in the etiology of atherosclerosis, the effects of herpes simplex virus type Ⅱ (HSV-Ⅱ ) infection on morphology and collagen synthesis of smooth muscle cells (SMC) were observed.Methods: Bovine aortic SMCs in culture were infected with HSV- Ⅱ, using 3H-proline incorporating into 3H-hydroxyproline by SMC as a criterion of collagen synthesis in SMC.Results: The significant cytopathic effect (CPE) such as cell rounding, swallowing, focal necrosis and detachrnent was observed 24 h after infection; there was a significant decrease in the synthesis of collagen in bovine SMC at 24 h, 36 h and 48 h after infection compared to controls.Conclusion: The results suggested that HSV-Ⅱmay be one of the injurious agents of inciting atherosclerosis by inhibiting collagen synthesis in SMC as well as injury factor for SMC.

Abstract:Aim: To investigate the distribution change of low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors on the surface of EC effected by PACAP for understanding the potential mechanism of PACAP in atherosclerosis.Methods: EC were cultured with M199 containing 10-8 mol/L PACAP(PACAP groups) and M199 (control groups) respectively for 24 h, then incubated with 0. 5% BSA-M199-colloidal gold LDL conjugate solution for 2 h at 4℃. In addition, some of EC were warmed to 37℃ for 2 h to initiate endocytosis. Sections of 60 nm thickness were cut and observed with a HITACHIH-600 transmission electron microscope.Results: Colloidal gold LDL conjugate in control group often appeared in cluster, randomly distributed on the surface of EC and the percentage of clustering appearance was 65%. Effected by PACAP for 24 h,the percentage of single colloidal gold LDL conjugate increase to 50%, compared with control groups (P<0. 05). Warmed to 37℃ for 2 h, the EC of PACAP groups could decrease endocytosis of colloidal gold LDL conjugate.Conclusion: After PACAP treatment, compared with the control group, the percentage of single colloidal gold LDL conjugate granule appear in each cluster of EC seems to be increased and the endocytosis of colloidal gold LDL conjugate granules decreased.The change of distribution of singIe colloidal gold LDL conjugate granule represent less LDL receptors located on the surface of EC and can decrease transportation of LDL though EC when clusters are not formed.Thus, our results suggest that PACAP play an important role in the function of antiatherosclerosis.

Abstract:Aim: Observing the effects of API0134 on the changes of the platelet aggregation, thrombelastogram (TEG ) and blood coagulation in experimental atherosclerotic rabbits.Methods: An atherosclerotic rabbits model fed by high cholesterol was established; and the platelet aggregation function,thrombelastogram and blood coagulation function were examined.Results: In model group produced by high cholesterol fed supplemented with injection of bovineserum albumin reflecting hypercoagulative state and suppressed fibrinolytic capacity showing enhanced platelet aggregation induced by platelet activating factor (PAF);shortened r and k values,and increased ma and E values seen in TEG; markedly reduced activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prologed euglobulinlysis time (ELT ). Whereas ln those group after the establishment of atherosclerotic model with successlve feeding of API0134 for three days showed rnuch improved coagulative and fibrinolytic parameters returning almost to normal.Conclusion: These findings indicate that the API0134 possess the effect of anti-platelet aggregation and anti-thrombus formation contributing to the explanation of one of the mechenism of antiatherosclerosis.

Abstract:Aim: This research has rnade a new gene product for the treatment of atherosclerosis and arterial stenosis.Methods: By rneans of gene engineering technology,basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) cDNA and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GMCSF) cDNA were cloned into the vector pGEM-3Zf (+ ) at the EcoR I and BamHI sites. Subsequntly subcloned into the expression vector pBV220 of the EcoR I and BamH I sites. The bFGF-GM-CSF was expressed in E coli confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western-bolt.Results: The recombinant fusion protein was expressed successfully in E coli. They have immunological activities of bath bFGF and GM-CSF.Conclusion: The recombinant fusion protein may have biological activities of GM-CSF.

Abstract:Aim: In order to explain the rnechanism of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) proliferation, we tried to find some factors positively affecting on the junctional communication and expression of connexin 43.Methods: The method called scrape loading dyetransfer was used to test effects of nifedipine on cultured rat SMC's junctional communication. We used micro-fluorescence spectrophotometer for quantitation.On the other hand, the expression of connexin 43 in cultured SMC was determined with S-P immunohisto chemistry. The quantity of expression of connexin 43 was analysed with image computer.Results: Nifedipine promoted junctional communication and expression of connexin 43 in cultured rat SMC. Phorbol ester inhibited junctional communication and expression of connexin 43.Conclusion: The possible mechanism of inhibiting proliferatlon of SMC and preventing atherosclerosis for nifedipine could be partly through prornoting junctional communication and expression of connexin 43.

Abstract:Aim: To explore whether lipid peroxidation (LPx)is capable of inducing the expression of cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs ) to increase monocyte (MC )adhesion to endothelial cells (EC).Methods: LPx in EC was initiated with diamide (DM), the content of lipid peroxide (LPO) in EC and MC adherence were rneasured. After the EC was stained with irnmunofluorescence, the expression of vascular cell adhesion rnolecule (VCAM-1 ) and endothelial leukocyte adhesion moIecule (ELAM-1 ) was studied under laser confocal microscopy.Results: After LPO content in EC increased, EC expressed VCAM-1 and ELAM-1. The expression of VCAM-1 and ELAM-1 was upregulated in a time-dependent way (1, 2, 4 and 8 h ) and correlated with a significant increase of MC adherence to EC.Conclusion: LPx could induce the expression of CAMs in EC to enhance adherence of MC to EC and migration of MC into subendothelial space which is crucial for initiation and development of atheroscleroticles ions.

Abstract:Aim: To study the morphological and quatitative change of elastic fiber in different stages of atherosclerotic lesions.Methods: The normal intima, fatty streaks and fibrous plaques, from 17 abdominal aortae of young men of nom-cardiovascular sudden death were observed with electrolic microscope.Results: The elastlc flber in normal intima appeared to be cord-like, while the e1astic fiber in the fatty streaks and fibrous plaques appeared to be patch-like.The content of elastic fiber was highest ln the fatty streaks, the lowest in the fibrous plaques. The elastic fiber content of normal intima was between the fatty streaks and fibrous plaques. The differences of elastic fiber content among three groups were statistically significant (P<0. 01 ).Conclusion: With the developement of atherosclerosls, the elastlc fiber has not only morphological changes but also content change. This indicate that the elastic fiber plays a very irnportant role in the formation and developement of atherosclerosis.

Abstract:Aim: This study was to evaluate the effect of small dose simvastatin on lipid and lipid peroxidation in elderly patients with hyperlipidemia. Methods: Simvastatin (5 mg/day) was administered to 62 elderly patients with hyperlipidemia for 12weeks.Results: Simvastatin caused a significant decrease in serum levels of cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDLC )and apolipoprotein B (P<0. 001 )at the end of 4, 8 and 12 week therapy. Although triglyceride(TG) level was also significantly reduced at the end of 4 and 8 weeks (P<0. 05), the reduction was not statistically significant at end of 12 weeks.Meanwhile, superoxide dismutase (SOD) rised and malondialdehyde (MDA) fell with simvastatin therapy (P<0.001). Although level of NO-3, a nitric oxide metabolic product, eIevated with the treatment, the change wes not statistically significant. Furthermore, SOD activity was negatively correlated with LDLC, TG and total cholesterol (TC) levels at baseline and also MDA level was positively associated with LDLC and apolipoprotein B levels at the end of treatment (P<0.05) on linear regression analysis.Conclusion: Simvastatin can significantly improve lipid metabolism and diminish lipld peroxidation in the elderly patients with hyperlipidemia.

Abstract:Aim: To study the effects of angiotensin Ⅱ on stress-induced hypertension.Methods: Employing the electric foot shock and the noise of buzzer as stressors,we set up the rat models of acute and chronic stress-induced hypertension. The angiotensin Ⅱ content was detected by means of radioimmunoassay.Results: In the acute stress hypertensive rat, the angiotensin Ⅱ content was markedly increased in plasma, adrenal (P<0. 001 and P<0. 01 ), aorta and hypothalamus (P<0. 05); there was no significant change in myocardium and medulla oblongata. In the chronic stress hypertensive rat, the angiotensin Ⅱ content was elevated in cardiovascular and brain tissues; there was no considerable change in plasma and adrenal.Conclusion: These data suggest that the angiotensin Ⅱ in plasma and adrenal tissue is mainly associated with acute stress-induced hypertension; the angiotensin Ⅱ in cardiovascular and brain tissues is mainly assocaited with chronic stress-induced hypertension.

Abstract:Aim: To determine angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymoprnhism in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and its relation with serum ACE levels.Methods: ACE genotypes of 6l patients with CHD and 63 healthy people were detected by PCR, and their serum ACE levels were concomitantly measured by microcolorimetric assay.Results: The frequency of DD genotype in patients with CHD was significantly higher than that in control group apd patients with DD genotype have higher serum ACE levels.Conclusion: ACE gene polymorphism is closely related to serum ACE level and DD genotype of ACE gene may be the independent risk factor of coronary heart disease in Chinese.

Abstract:Aim: To study the abnormal composition of serum low density lipoprotein (LDL) and its level of oxidative modification in patients with diabetes mellitus.Methods: The serum lipids, apoIipoprotein concentritions, triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) level of LDL, oxidative LDL in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and control group wete analyzed.Results: The DM patients had abnormal lipid metablism, significantly higher level of total TG, TG in LDL, and TG/TC. The level of oxidatively modifid LDL was significantly higher and the oxidatively modified LDL to total LDL ratio was positivily correlated with TG/TC ratio in patients (r = 0. 36, P< 0.01 ) and control (r= 0. 29, P<0. 05 ). Conclusion: The compositional abnormalities of LDL are related to its oxidative modification in DM patients, and may be associated with increased risk for coronary artery disease.

Abstract:Aim: To clarify the characteristics of β-adrenergic receptor subtypes in human lymphocyte and compare the competitive activities of various β-blocking agents.Methods: Lymphocyte which derived from normal volunteers were isolated by density gradient centrifugation using Ficoll-Hypaque solution. The β-adrenergic receptors were measured using hydrophilic radioligand 3H-CGP12177 and lipophilic redioligand 3H-DHA and 125 I-pindolol. The competition curves were performed in the presence of β1,β2,or β3-receptor subtype antagonist.Results: Specific binding of three radioligands were saturable. In competition curves, butoxamine, a selective β2-receptor antagonist, was much more potent in displacement of the radioligands than atenolol, a selective β1-receptor antagonist. Propranolol, a nonselective β-receptor antagonist, inhibited stereoselectively the specific binding sites with S (-)-propranolol 3~ 10 times more potent than the R (+ ) -propranolol. It is very interesting that SR59230A, a selective β3-receptor antagonist, was of some potency to displace 3H-CGP12177 and 125 I-pindolol on intact lymphocytes.Conclusion: β-Adrenergic receptors in human lymphocyte were dominated by β2-receptor subtype, but the intact cells also showed an evidence of β3-receptor subtype distribution.

Abstract:Aim: Researching the relationship between heart function and insulin resistance (IR) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods: The study included 20 healthy subjects and 26 AMI patients. Oral glucose tolerance test,insulin and Cpeptide release tests were conducted in all subjects. All the patients underwent Doppler echocardiography by which left ventricular systolic and diastolic functional parameters were determined.The subjects were divided into three groups, that is,LEF group (the patients having ejection fraction (EF) <0.05), NEF group(the patients having EF > 0. 05) and normal group.Results: Fasting blood glucose levels were not significantly different among the three groups, whereas fasting insulin levels were increased in order of the groups. In LEF and NEF groups, impaired glucose tolerance coexisted with exceptional strong insulin response to glucose load. and the response in LEF group was stronger than that in NEF group. EF and some other systolic functional parameters were significantly correlated with many of IR parameters.Conclusion: The impaired left ventricular systolic function in AMI patients might be associated with the severity of IR.

Abstract:Aim: To investigate the value of ambulatory blood pressure load in elder hypertension stage.Methods: Ambulatory blood pressure load during 24 h was measured by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in 16 cases of normal blood pressure, 25 patients with hypertension at stage one, 34 patients with hypertension at stage two, and 27 patients with hypertension at stage three in elder.Results: The blood pressure load increased along with the different hypertension stage. The difference of blood pressure load between group stage one and normal group was remarkable(P<0. 001) during 24 h,day and night. Blood pressure load of group stage two was significantly increased than group stage one at night (P<0.001). Systolic blood pressure load was significantly different between group stage three and group stage two(P<0.01) during 24 h. In addition, the blood pressure load of group stage three was mainly presented at the second high period of abnormal blood pressure.Conclusion: Blood pressure load might reflect the time, the frequence, and the extent of abnormal blood pressure. Ambulatory blood pressure load takes important effect in elder hypertension stage.

Abstract:Aim: To determine the genetic polymorphism and phenotypic distribution of healthy human sera apolipoprotein A Ⅳ in Chinese.Methods: The sera from 180 normal individuals has been detected to determine apolipoprotein A Ⅳ by isoelectric focusing (IEF ) techniques and immunoblotting.Results: The gene frequencies of the two common alleles, apolipoprotein A Ⅳ*1 and* 2, were 99. 44%and 0. 28%, respectively. The distribution of the two common phenotypes, apolipoprotein A Ⅳ -1/1 and AⅣ-2/1, were 98. 89% and 0. 56%, respectively.Conclusion: The statistically difference was significant in apolipoprotein A Ⅳ allele frequences and phenotype distribution between normal Chinese and American and European (P<0. 05). There is no significant difference in apolipoprotein A Ⅳ allele frequencies and phenotype distribution between normal Chinese and other Asian (P>0. 05 ). These results suggest that apolipoprotein A Ⅳ polymorphism is different with different regions and races.

Abstract:The relationship between the level of estradiol (E2) and content of apolipoprotein AI and B in female rat serum during sexual cycle or after ovarectomy and injection of E2 was observed. The results indicate that there were cyclical changes of E2 and apolipoprotein AI content in female rat serum during sexual cycle, the tendency of changes of E2 and apolipoprotein AI was idencal, the highest values of them were obeserved at the period of proestrum. In ovariectomized rats the contents of E2, apolipoprotein AI in serum were significantly lower than those in each period of sexual cycle (P<0. 01 ). In ovariectomized and injected E2 group, the content of E2 and apolipoprotein AI were significantly higher than those in ovariectomized rats (P < 0. 01 ). The content of apolipoprotein B in serum remained unchanged either in sexuale cycle or in ovariectomized and injected E2group. This suggests that E2 may have a role to increase the content of apolipoprotein AI in serum.

Abstract:Aim: To study the mechanism of naoluotong on anti-atherosclerosis in quails.Methods: After the atherosclerosis (As) model in hyperlipemia quails were made,we measured the total cholesterol (TC ) and triglyceride (TG ) in serum, prostacyclin (PGI2 ) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2 ) in plasma, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)in brain tissuse. we estimated the grade of As by given points.Results: Naoluotong have no effects of reducing the amount of TC and TG, but increasing the amount of SOD (P<0. 05) and alleviating the formation of As plaque (P<0.05).Conclusion: The mechanism of naoluotong on inhibiting the formation of As plaque is not reducing hyperlipermia but antioxidation.

Abstract:Aim: Observing the effect of seal oil on serumlipid, liver-lipid and heart-lipid in rabbits.Methods: A hyperlipemia model of rabbits fed on a diet of high cholesterol and fat was established.Results: Seal oil decreased serum triglyceride and total cholesterol, increased high density lipoprotein cholesterol in hyperlipemia rabbits. Total cholesterol of liver and heart in rabbits received seal oil was lowered significantly.Conclusion: Seal oil play a role in reducing serum lipid and preventing lipid deposition in the liver and heart of rabbits.