Abstract:Aim To determine the serum CETP concentration in 1 128 healthy Chinese subjects, and to analyze the characteristics of CETP level and distribution in different age and sex groups. Methods The CETP concentration was determined using “Sandwich” ELISA. Results The CETP level was 1.84±1.55 mg/L. The frequency distribution of CETP in healthy subjects was markedly skewed to low concentration. The frequency distribution of CETP in female was significantly higher than that in male (2.40±1.65 mg/L vs. 1.49±1.37 mg/L,P<0.001). There was a highly inverse correlation between the CETP level and age (r=-0.19,P<0.001), while no relation was found between CETP level and lipids concentration. Conclusion The regular pattern of serum CETP in 1 128 healthy Chinese subjects has been demonstrated.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the relationship of nitric oxide (NO) and macrophage-mediated oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL). Methods Mice were given peritoneal injection polysaccharide krestin (PSK) (control mice were given injection physiological saline), peritoneal macrophages were collected for incubation and stimulated with LDL, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and L-arginine (L-Arg). Contents of change of NO and hydroperoxides were measured. Results There is a quantity effect significance between NO and oxidation of LDL. It showed a negative correlation when the contents of NO within a certain range (approximately ≤50 μmol/L) and the contents of hydroperoxide (LOOH) decreased with that of NO increased, it meant to inhibit LDL oxidated. When the contents of NO were excessive (approximately ≥90 μmol/L) , the contents of LOOH increased with that of NO increased, it's a positive correlation and meant to promote LDL oxidated. Conclusions The results indicated there is a double effects of NO on oxidation of LDL, to inhibit or promote oxidation of LDL decided on the contents of NO.

Abstract:Aim The developmental pattern of early heart in drosophila is remarkably similarity that in vertebrate. This reseach aims at approaching genes controlling human congenital heart disease. Methods In order to clone and identify new genes that are involved in drosophila heart development, after establishing the balanced lethal lines, 310 lethal lines were screened with Mab No.3 antibody expressed in heart cells of drosophila. Results 63 of them showedmutant phenotypes. Conclusions After examined with drosophila deficient stocks of chromosome 2 and 3,the cytological positions of 14 lethal lines have been determined. Candidate genes located in these cytological positions are searched and discussed.

Abstract:Aim To clone and isolate the altered expression genes induced by atherogenic factor will improve our understanding the molecular mechanism in atherosclerosis. Methods Modified differential display-PCR method was used to clone the differential expressed genes in cultured vascular endothelial cells stimulated by oxidized low density lipoprotein. Northern blot analysis was chosen to verify the results. Results One up-regulated cDNA band was found in oxidized low density lipoprotein induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells. It is 283 bp in length and 100% homologous to human thymosin β4 in sequence. It also contain the complete open reading frame. Thymosin β4 was up-regulated 3-fold in oxidized low density lipoprotein induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Thymosin β4 was a differentiation molecular for many cells and is involved in angiogenesis. Conclusions Our results first show that oxidized low density lipoprotein can stimulate the high expression of thymosin β4 in vascular endothelial cells and may be regulate the proliferation, differentiation of vascular endothelial cells. The modified differential display technique has the characteristics of convenience, high specificity and reproducibility.

Abstract:Aim To observe the effect of Sini decoction on plaque area (PA), nitric oxide (NO), endothelin (ET), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondiadehyde (MDA) in experimental atherosclerosis rabbits and study the possible mechanism. Methods Detect PA of aortic endothelium with image analysis method. Lipid metabolism with enzyme dynamics method , one-step method , formula method and immunization photoextinction in dividually. Serum NO and plasma ET with enzyme method and radioimmunoassay method in dividually. Plasma SOD and MDA with microcontent fast detecting method and modified Ba MuGuoFu method in dividually. Results Sini decoction can diminish lipid plaque area of aortic endothelium, reduce total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), apolipoprotein B (apo B) and plasma ET, MDA, improve serum NO, apolipoprotein A (apo A) and plasma SOD content . Sini-high-dose group has the best effect in this experiment ,presenting with dose-effect dependent relationship. Conclusions Sini decoction has good effect against atherosclerosis, the possible mechanism maybe related to regulation of lipid metabolism and clearance of free radical oxygen and protection of vascular endothelium.

Abstract:Aim To examine the effect of oxidized lipoprotein(a) on the proliferation of macrophages. Methods Murine peritoneal macrophages were cultured in vitro with 2.5～40 mg/L native lipoprotein(a), oxidized lipoprotein(a) or MDA-modified lipoprotein(a), and cells proliferation was evaluated by cell counting and MTT assay. Results When macrophages were incubated with 40 mg/L oxidized lipoprotein(a), cell numbers were increased about 1.5-fold compared with control group, while the growth of these cells was not stimulated by native lipoprotein(a) or MDA-modified lipoprotein(a). Conclusion Oxidized lipoprotein(a) might enhance the progression of atherosclerosis by promoting macrophages proliferation.

Abstract:Aim To study the effects of mannan, chitin, orosomucoid and cucurmin on the metabolism of lipoprotein (a) and desialylated lipoprotein(a). Methods Mannan, chitin, orosomucoid and cucurmin was injected into the body of hedgehogs via the armpit vein 2 min before the 125 I-Lp(a) or 125 I-dsLp(a). The animals was put to death in an hour. The radioactivity 125 I-Lp(a) and 125 I-dsLp(a) in the blood, liver, kidney, spleen, gall and adrenal were measured. Results The absorption of dsLp(a) in the liver is larger than that of Lp(a). It makes the concentration of dsLp(a) decrease in blood. Orosomucoid is a strong inhibitor of catabolism of Lp(a) and dsLp(a). It can inhibit the absorption of Lp(a) and dsLp(a) by the mentioned tissue and makes the concentration of Lp(a) and dsLp(a) in the blood increase. The effects of chitin and cucurmin are similar. They can increase the absorption of Lp(a) by liver and adrenal and make the concentration of Lp(a) decrease in blood. The effects of chitin and cucurmin can affect the metabolism of Lp(a), but not dsLp(a). The effects of mannan on the metabolism of Lp(a) and dsLp(a) are little. It can increase the absorption of Lp(a) by spleen and reduce the concentration of Lp(a) in the gall. Moreover, it can increase the absorption of dsLp(a) by kidney and gall, reduce the absorption of dsLp(a) by adrenal. Conclusions It is the key step of catabolism of Lp(a) that Lp(a) is desialylated. Sailic acid in Lp(a) molecular play an important role in its stability of structure. The experiments show that orosomucoid can inhibit the metabolism of Lp(a) and dsLp(a), chitin and cucurmin can promote the matabolism of Lp(a).

Abstract:Aim To explore the role of intracellular free calcium in the proliferation of cultured vascular smooth cells (VSMC) stimulated by neuropeptide Y (NPY). [WT5”HZ]Methods The cultured VSMC of rat were used for experiments at passage 3 to 5. We applied the method of cellular culture, MTT colorimetric assay and quantitative immunocytochemistry through laser scanning confocal microscope (ACAS570) to detect the effect of NPY on the proliferation of VSMC. At the same time, the effect of NPY on the intracellular free calcium concentrations were also quantitatively detected in VSMC. Results It was observed that exposure of cultured VSMC to NPY could stimulate the proliferation of VSMC, the MTT OD values and expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) increased in cultured VSMC respectively compared with control group (P<0.01).At the same time, the intracellular free calcium concentrations in VSMC were also increased by NPY. Conclusion The proliferation of cultured VSMC stimulated by NPY is mediated by intracellular free calcium in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells.

Abstract:Aim To explore the role of CD36 in foam cell formation and apoptosis and the time course of expression of CD36 gene and protein in macrophages foamy process induced by oxidized low dlensity lipoprotein (ox-LDL). Methods and Results Human myeloid leukemia U937 cells were incubated with ox-LDL (80 mg/L) for time course(6 h,12 h,24 h or 48 h) treatment. Total cholesterol in U937 cells increased from 143.5 to 419.2 mg/g protein. Flow cytometric analysis results revealed that CD36 protein expression increased from 6 h to 48 h induced by ox-LDL and was highest at 24 h. RT-PCR results showed that CD36 mRNA level increased with time order. The apoptotic cells were determined by flow cytometry and DNA fragmentation assay. Ox-LDL(200 mg/L) could induce U937 cell apoptosis after 24 h and increase after 48 h. Apoptosis were reduced by pre-incubation U937 cell with CD36 mono-antibody. Conclusions U937 cell could bind and internalize ox-LDL and formation in foam cell mediated by CD36. Later, apoptosis of U937 cell after incubated with ox-LDL also mediated by CD36. Accumulation of cholesteryl esters in U937 cells has no negative feedback control on CD36 gene and protein expression.

Abstract:Aim The effects of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) proliferation were studied. Methods A cells proliferating model of rabbit aorta VSMC induced by thrombin were established; the effect of tetramethylpyrazine on c-myc gene expression in VSMC was observed by immunocytochemical method; the effect of tetramethylpyrazine on proliferation cycle of VSMC was observed by flow cytomytry technique. Results the highly expression of c-myc gene protein induced by thrombin can be inhibited by tetramethylpyrazine significantly, and the cells numbers of G1 phase were increased and the cells numbers of G1+M phase were decreased markedly. Conclusion The VSMC proliferation induced by thrombin can be inhibited by tetramethylpyrazine significantly, and the inhibited c-myc gene expression may contribute to the explanation of one of the mechanism of the inhibited VSMC proliferation.

Abstract:Aim To study the effect of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1) and 17-β-estradiol(E₂) on the expression of lymphocyte function associated antigen-1(LFA-1), scavenger receptor(SR) and apolipoprotein E(apoE) by monocytes. Methods THP-1 cells (a human acute monocytic leukemia cell line) were cultured for the experiments. The protein expression of LFA-1 and SR on THP-1 cells were assayed by indirect immunofluorescence combined with flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy respectively. The monoclonal antibody of SR was 2F8(rat anti mouse macrophage SR). The mRNA expression of SR and apoE in THP-1 cells was determined by reverse transcription-PCR(RT-PCR). Results MCP-1 could stimulate the expression of LFA-1 on THP-1 cells, the positive cell rate in MCP-1 group and control group were 66.1%±2.5% and 43.3%±3.7% (P<0.01), the mean fluoresence intensity(MFI) were 221.3±17.8 and 132.8±18.7 respectively (P<0.01). The positive cell rate and MFI in MCP-1+ E₂ group were 59.5%±2.1% and 204.2±22.5 (P<0.05 versus MCP-1 group), respectively. MCP-1 also stimulated the protein expression of SR on THP-1 cells, the net fluoresence intensity(NFI) in MCP-1 group and control group were 48.9±9.8 and 32.5±3.2 respectively (P<0.01), the NFI in MCP-1+ E₂ group were 49.7±10.4 (P>0.05 versus MCP-1 group). The RT-PCR also showed that MCP-1 could induce the mRNA expression of SR on monocytes, but doesn’t have obvious effects on apoE expression. [WT5”HZ]Conclusions By increasing the expression of LFA-1 on monocytes, MCP-1 can promote the monocyte-endothelium adhesion. MCP-1 also induces the expression of SR on monocytes, but doesn′t have obvious effects on apoE expression, therefore

Abstract:Aim The antioxidation effect of Na₂SeO₃ and ZnSO₄, on the oxidation of human low density lipoprotein(LDL) were investigated by rat's arterial smooth muscle cells(ASMC). Methods Oxidation of LDL was induced by rat's ASMC added 1 μmol/L Cu²⁺ . The extent of LDL modification was assessed by measuring the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS). Results Treatment of 10 μmol/L Na₂SeO₃ and ZnSO₄ inhibited ASMC proliferation by ox-LDL(P<0.01). Treatment of 10 μmol/L Na₂SeO₃ inhibited MDA production(P<0.01), but 10 μmol/L ZnSO₄ have no the effect. 50 mg/L LDL induced myoleperoxidase(MPO) activity, but 10 μmol/L Na₂SeO₃ can not inhitit the effect. Conclusion 10 μmol/L Na₂SeO₃ could protect LDL against rat's ASMC inducing oxidation modification in vitro, which might be contributed by its effect to tyrosyl radical generated by myoleperoxidase.

Abstract:Aim To evaluate the safety, efficacy, angiographic and histopathological effects of a new 316L stainless steel tubular stent (V-Flex TM ) in a porcine coronary and peripheral artery model. Methods Stent implantation in the right coronary artery was successful in all 16 pigs. 8 pigs with V-Flex TM stent were angiophically treated after 6 weeks and then sacrificed, the remaining 8 pigs with V-Flex TM stent were angiophically controlled and sacrificed at 12 weeks. Then all vascular samples and angiographic films were analyzed morphologically. Results 6 week treated group showed only a mild fibromusclar neointimal hyperplasia of 1.15±0.38 mm 2. The neointimal hyperplasia was 1.22±0.34 mm 2 at 12 week controlled group, comparison with the Palmaz-Schatz coronary stent in a porcine peripheral artery model demonstrated significantly less neointimal hyperplasia at 6 weeks (1.11±0.73 mm 2 vs 2.40±0.36 mm 2,P<0.05)and at 12 weeks (1.53±0.42 mm 2 vs 2.47±0.63 mm 2,P<0.05), and also less in injury, inflammation and thrombus reaction at 6 and 12 weeks. Conclusion V-Flex TM coronary stent implantation in a porcine coronary and peripheral arteries results in a high procedural success and 12 weeks histopathological and morphologic evaluation demonstrated only a mild fibromuscular showed significantly less neointimal hyperplasia in the V-Flex TM stent.

Abstract:Aim To study how mongolian proprietariesⅡ and proprietariesⅢ function in inhibiting the atheroscleroisis. Methods To make the model of rabbit atheroscleroisis, to detect the content of blood-fat and the lipid peroxide, and to observe aorta and coronal artery with eyes or through light microscope and electric system. Results Each of this two kinds of mongolian properietaries can debase the blood-fat in its degree and reduce the production of lipid perocide. The injury of the inside cortical cell is slight and the scope of pathologic change of artheroscleroisis is reduced and the degree of which is lightened. Conclusions Mongolian proprietaries Ⅱ and Ⅲ have the function of anti- oxidation and can protect the inside cortical cell from injury and inhibit the production of atheroscleroisis.

Abstract:Aim To explore the relationship between the urinary albumin fragments(uAF) and cardiovascular damage. Methods The improved western blot was employed for analysis of uAF in urine of the patients with cardiovascular damagied disorders. Sample from 112 patients with non-diabetic primary hypertension, 46 coronary artery disease and 36 cerebrovascular disease as well as 108 healthy volunteers were examined. Results The anomalous fragments (45 kDa, 30 kDa, 22 kDa)are detected in the urine of patients with cardiovascular damagied disorders, the prevalences of uAF in hypertension, coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease and healthy volunteers were 32.33%, 60.87%, 66.67% and 5.00% respectively, the incidence of detection of uAF in these patients is significantly higher than that in healthy voluntees(P<0.01). uAF is related to MAU, TG and TC. Conclusions uAF and ardiovascular damage are significantly related, uAF can be used as a new reference indicator of non-injury for determining cardiovascular damage.

Abstract:Aim To explore the objective evidence of ischemic preconditioning (IP) in patients with stable angina (SA).Methods sixteen patients with SA underwent two times of treadmill exercise tests(TET) at the interval of 10 minutes according to Bruce protocal. The appeared rate and time of chest pain, maximal value and duration of ST segment depression, arrhythmias occurred during TET were analysed for different two tests. Results 9 patients (56.3%) complained of chest pain in the first test, however, only 4 of them (25%) did in the second one (P<0.01). The occurred time of chest pain was 2.24±0.2 min in the first test, 3.8±0.4 min in the second one (P<0.05). The maximal value of ST segment depression decreased from 0.18±0.07 mV in the first test to 0.12±0.04 mV in the second one (P<0.01), and duration of ST segment depression was down from 6.42±0.8 min in the first test to 4.1±0.5 min in the second one (P<0.01). The rate of arrhythmia decreased from 43.8% in the first test to 18.8% in the second one (P<0.01). Conclusions The present data demonstrated that transient ischemia of myocardium could result in ischemic preconditioning phenomenon, and protected heart from more serious damage at the definite interval of time.

Abstract:Aim To study the relationship between nitric oxide (NO), oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and coronary stenosis in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods The levels of NO, ox- LDL, ICAM-1 of peripheral serum were determined in 81 CHD patients and 35 controls. Results The levels of NO were significantly lower in CHD group than controls, while the levels of ox-LDL and ICAM-1 were higher in CHD group than controls (P<0.05). The levels of NO in CHD patients declined with the increasing extent of coronary stenosis (P<0.001). The levels of ox-LDL and ICAM-1 increased with the increasing extent of coronary stenosis (P<0.05). NO was negatively related to ox-LDL and ICAM-1 (r=-0.199 and r=-0.234,P<0.05), ox-LDL was positively related to ICAM-1 (r=0.378,P<0.01). Conclusion The data suggests that the levels of serum NO, ox-LDL and ICAM-1 are associated with the occurrence and progression of CHD.

Abstract:Aim To evaluate the effects of postprandial hypertriglyceride on CHD in Chinese. Methods Fat tolerance test (fat: 53.4 g/m 2 body surface area)was performed in 61 subjects who were divided into two groups: CHD(n=30)and control(n=30). Concentration of triglyceride(TG) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDLC) were determined before and 2,4,6,8 and 10 h after a standardized fat test meal. Both the peak concentration of postprandial TG (6.15±3.00 mmol/L) and the Area Under Curve [AUC, 25.96±14.33 mmol/(h·L)] of postprandial triglyceride concentration were higher in CHD than those [4.59±2.09 mmol/L and 14.69±6.58 mmol/(h·L),P<0.005] in control. The AUC is an independent risk factor of CHD by multivariate logistic-regression analysis. There is a positive correlation between AUC and the concentration of 6 and 8 h postprandial triglyceride(TG 6 or TG 8). Conclusions Our study indicated that there be abnormal postprandial hypertriglyceridemia in CHD. The abnormal postprandial hypertriglceridemia is an independent risk factor of CHD. The concentration of TG 6 or TG 8 may replaced AUC and simplify the fat load test.

Abstract:Aim To study the instantaneous therapeutic effects of intracoronary stent implantation(ICSI) for treating CHD. Methods 54 consecutive patients 60 balloon-expanding stents were implantated in 60 coronary artery lesions. Quantitative coronary angiography was used to analyse the changes of minimal lumen diameter and minimal cross-section area in target vessel segment before and after treatmernt. Results The immediate increments of lumen diameter were 2.02±0.62 mm (67.10%±15.40%), and of cross-section area were 5.67±1.61 mm 2 (80.36%±18.29%) after ICSI. Conclusion There were excelling acute gain in ICSI, and it is a effective therapeutics of intervational cardioradiology for CHD patients.

Abstract:Aim To investigate effects of potassium magnesium aspartate(Panangin) on insulin resistance (IR) in essential hypertention (EH). Methods Fifty-eight patients with essential hypertention were divided into two groups. Panangin group consisted of 30 patients, each taking 6 panangin and 5 mg felodipine a day. Felodipine group included 28 cases, each only taking felodipine for 3 months. Serum glucose (SG), insulin (INS), insulin sensitive index (ISI) and other metabolic parameters were determined. Results ISI and HDLC/LDLC in Panangin group were significantly elevated after treatment respectively comparing with before treatment and Felodipine group, and triglyceride (TG) were reduced. Conclusion Panangin might reduce IR and adjest lipidemic metabolism in EH.

Abstract:Aim To study the association between C-reactive protein(CPR) and acute coronary artery syndrome. Methods CRP concentration were examined in 46 patients with acute myocardial infarction, 40 patients with unstable angina and 42 patients with stable angina. The effect of different dosages of aspirin on CRP concentration of acute myocardial infarction patients. Results CRP concentration in patients with acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina were significantly higher than that of patients with stable angina (P<0.001). CRP concentration in patients with acute myocardial infarction could be reduced with 300 mg/d dosage of aspirin (P<0.05). Conclusion CRP concentration as a prognostic marker may be useful in the evaluation of acute coronary artery syndrome