Abstract:Aim To investigate the mechanisms of cardiomyocyte apoptosis during the oxidative stress. Methods Apoptosis of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes was induced by exposure to 0.5 mmol/L hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2) for different durations and apoptosis was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated biotin dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). The activities of caspase 3, 8, 9 were assayed by caspase colorimetric assay kit and Western blot. The release of cytochrome C from mitochondria was observed by indirect immunofluorescence and Western blot. Results Exposure to 0.5 mmol/L hydrogen peroxide for 24 h resulted in neonatal rat cardiomyocyte apoptosis as shown by TUNEL positivity. The activities of caspase 3, 8, 9 were significantly increased after 4 h of hydrogen peroxide treatment, and reached peak at 8～12 h. The release of cytochrome C from mitochondria to cytoplasm was observed after 1～2 h treatment of hydrogen peroxide. Conclusions Hydrogen peroxide could induce the release of cytochrome C from mitochondria to cytoplasm, the activation of caspase 3, 8, 9 and subsequent apoptosis in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, which means mitochondria and death receptor signal pathways are both involved in cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by H 2O 2.

Abstract:Aim To test the changes of gene expression profiles after myocardical ischemic preconditioning in rats. Methods The changes of gene expression profiles of 4 096 genes in rat hearts were observed using cDNA chip and the significance of the changes in gene expression was analyzed. Results The expression of 48 genes was up regulated and 27 genes was down regulated after ischemic preconditioning. The changes in gene expression were further confirmed by RT PCR. The significance of the changes of gene expression profiles in the myocardial protection induced by ischemic preconditioning was analyzed. Conclusions Ischemic preconditioning resulted in the changes of myocardical gene expression profiles. The results were helpful to elucidate the molecular mechanism of myocardial protection induced by ischemic preconditioning and provided new clues for prevention and treatment of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury and ischemic heart diseases.

Abstract:Aim To study the influence of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF α) on plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI 1) activity, gene expression and regulation in human umbilical vein endothelial cell (hUVEC). Methods The PAI 1 activity in hUVEC culture medium was measured by chromogenic assay. The PAI 1 mRNA expression were determined by Northern blot. Using gene recombination techniques, four luciferase reporter gene plasmids containing different length of human PAI 1 gene promoter were constructed. Through the transient transfection analysis, the roles of AP 1 element (from -823 bp to -553 bp) in PAI 1 promoter have been determined. In order to further verify the role of AP 1 element, the three site directed mutants were received using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing assay. Results The PAI 1 activity and mRNA level increased when hUVEC were exposed to 100 ku/L TNF α. At the same time, the AP 1 protein level increased in nuclear. The induction by TNF α decreased markedly when the three AP 1 elements in PAI 1 promoter have been mutated respectively. Conclusions TNF α could induce PAI 1 activity and mRNA in hUVEC; Increase of PAI 1 activity induced by TNF α was related to its mRNA expression; Three AP 1 elements in PAI 1 promoter may have an important role in PAI 1 gene transcriptions in endothelial cells induced by TNF α.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the underlying molecular mechanism of probucol stabilizing plaque and preventing acute coronary syndromes. Methods Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR), Western blot and gelatin zymography were performed to detect matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP 9) expression,secretion and activity in THP 1 monocyte derived macrophages induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox LDL). Results The expression and enzyme activity of MMP 9 significantly increased in THP 1 monocyte derived macrophages exposed to ox LDL (80 mg/L) for 12 h. Probucol at a concentration of 20, 40 and 60 μmol/L inhibited MMP 9 protein secretion by 27.0%±2.6%,45.0%±5.5% and 74.0%± 2.4% respectively (p<0.05), and decreased enzyme activities by 29.0%±3.2%,34.0%±1.9% and 48.0%±5.1% respectively (p<0.05), but had no influence on MMP 9 mRNA expression. Conclusion Probucol can effectively inhibit MMP 9 secretion in macrophages, which may play an important role in stabilizing plaque and anti atherosclerosis.

Abstract:Aim To analyze the expression profile of lipid metabolism related genes in human fetus liver by cDNA microarray and fluorescent semi quantitative PCR. Methods 33P labeled cDNA probes were prepared by RT PCR using mRNA from human fetus livers of the first and the third trimester of the gestation. The probes were hybridized with human gene chip containing 16 363 clones. The hybridizing signals were scanned by ELA 300 Plate/Fluorescent Image Analyzer. The differential expressed genes were conformed by fluorescent semi quantitative PCR. Results The expression of fatty acid decomposation related genes increased and the expression of genes associated with fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis decreased with the increase of the gestation,among 28 differential expressed genes (at least 2 fold). Measurement of lipids levels in 15 fetus livers showed that the contents of total cholesterol and triglycerides decreased with the increase of the gestation. Conclusion The synthesis of cholesterol and triglycerides and their levels in fetus livers would decrease as the fetus develops.

Abstract:为研究玉米苞叶对动脉粥样硬化的治疗作用,通过建立高脂食饵性兔动脉粥样硬化模型,观察了玉米苞叶煎剂治疗用药后对血清内皮素、6 酮 前列腺素及主动脉粥样硬化病理形态学的影响。结果发现,模型组血清内皮素和6 酮前列腺素较对照组均明显降低,每日饲饮含硅量2mg (kg·d)玉米苞叶煎剂10 0mL 只(低剂量组)或含硅量4mg (kg·d)玉米苞叶煎剂10 0mL 只(高剂量组)。于实验17周末发现,血清内皮素较模型组有所上升,6 酮前列腺素F1а较模型组明显升高(模型组为6 6±2 6 ,低剂量组为12 2 .4±2 .4 ,高剂量组为117±6 4 ,P<0 .0 5 ) ,内皮素与前列环素比值也明显降低(模型组为7.0±1.2 ,低剂量组为5 .1±1.4 ,高剂量组为5 .7±1.3,P<0 .0 5 ) ,主动脉内膜粥样斑块病变程度和面积较模型组明显减轻和缩小。结果提示,玉米苞叶煎剂具有保护动脉内膜损伤,调节内皮细胞血管活性物质分泌,治疗家兔动脉粥样硬化作用

Abstract:Aim To explore the protective effect of probucol on the human umbilical vein endothelial cell (hUVECs) injured by lysophosphatidylcholine. Methods Confluent hUVECs were incubated with Probucol for 24 h and consequently exposed to lysophosphatidylcholine. Lactate dihydrogenase (LDH), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI 1)and tissue plasminogen activator(t PA) activity was measured in cell medium and lysate. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity and nitric oxide (NO)production were assessed by endothelial nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide kits. Results Lysophosphatidylcholine enhanced markedly PAI 1, LDH activity and decreased nitric oxide bioavailability via the inhibited eNOS activity (p<0.01). These effects were attenuated by administration of different dose of probucol (10～50 mmol/L). Conclusions Lysophosphatidylcholine could injure hUVECs and inhibit eNOS and t PA activity directly. Probucol might play a protective role in hUVECs injured by lysophosphatidylcholine.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the role of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI 1) antisense RNA in influencing plasma fibrinolytic activity, and regulating the expression of PAI 1 and the process of atherogenesis in rabbits. Methods PAI 1 antisense RNA recombination plasmid was constructed by using eukaryotic cell expression vector pcDNA3.1. Thirty rabbits were classified into 4 groups. Control group (n=7) was fed with a normal diet. Atherosclerosis (As) group (n=7) was fed with a high cholesterol diet. Plasmid treatment group (treatment group, n=9) was fed with a high cholesterol diet and injected with PAI 1 antisense RNA recombination plasmid (20 μg/kg ) into the abdominal subcutaneous tissue weekly. Plasmid group (n=7) was fed with a normal diet and injected with PAI 1 antisense RNA recombination plasmid (20 μg/kg ) into the abdominal subcutaneous tissue weekly. Then the activities of tissue plasminogen activator (t PA), PAI 1, and serumal lipid were detected. PAI 1 protein expression in tissues was tested by immunohistochemistry. Lastly, the extent of atherosclerosis was observed by patho anatomy. Results In plasmid treatment group and plasmid group, the activity of PAI 1 in plasma decreased while that of t PA increased. Although there were no differences between As group and plasmid treatment group in the activities of PAI 1 and t PA at the beginning of the study (p>0.05), in the end the differences were significant (p<0.05). PAI 1 protein only existed in endothelial cells in plasmid treatment group, while in As group, it not only existed in both endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells but also outnumbered the former. Compared with As group, the intima of the arterial vessel was thinner in plasmid treatment group. Plasmid treatment group had a lower lipid count (serum triglyceride and cholesterol) (96±42 mg/L vs 123±12

Abstract:Aim To observe whether the level of endothelin (ET), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) in the plasma of rats with pulmonary hypertension (PH) can be influenced by exogenous nitric oxide. Methods A monocrotaline (MCT) PH model was founded in rat. Exogenous NO were inhaled during the forming and developing of PH. The changes of ET, ANP and CGRP and systolic pressure of right ventricle (RVSP), mean cervical arterial pressure were measured. Results It demonstrated that the RVSP of MCT rats had been elevated since the first week: from 1.71±0.35 kPa to 2.35±0.44 kPa, and (PH) was formed at the time of the third week: 4.56±0.65 kPa, the plasma concentration of ET and ANP in MCT rats were increased along with pulmonary arterial pressure, ET: from 130±4 ng/L, elevated to 187±37 ng/L; ANP: from 172±28 ng/L elevated to 207±27 ng/L at the first week, but CGRP were lowered: from 232±57 ng/L reduced to 187±23 ng/L at the first week. After exogenous NO were inhaled intervally at long term, ET and ANP have the tendency to reduce: ET reduced from 636±148 ng/L to 534±44 ng/L; ANP reduced from 1 111±248 ng/L to 772±145 ng/L. But CGRP increased from 45±11 ng/L to 80±16 ng/L at the fifth week, RVSP lowered from 2.35±0.44 kPa to 2.02±0.29 kPa at the first week. In comparison with control group, there is a significant difference (p<0.05). Conclusions There is a positive significant correlation between the forming and developing of PH and plasma concentration of ET and ANP, but negative significant correlation with CGRP. The methods of interval and long term time of inhaled exogenous NO could not only attenuate the forming of PH and partly prohibit the process and progress of PH, but also had an effect on the formed PH.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the possible mechanism of Curcumin's effect on decreasing plasma lipid and anti atherosclerosis. Methods Wistar rats were fed with high lipid diet 4 weeks to be hyperlipidemic model and then given experimental treatment with Curcumin, XUEZHIKANG and Fenofibrate as positive control drugs. After 3 week's treatment, the levels of total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) in the serum and liver were determined. The level of serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), the level of plasma lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity , and the levels of postheparin total activity (PHTA), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase (HL) activities were all measured. Results The three drugs can decrease the serum TG level significantly, especially the high dosage of Curcumin and Fenofibrate. They can decrease the level of serum TC and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), especially XUEZHIKANG and low dosage of Curcumin. The high dosage of Curcumin and Fenofibrate can increase the level of HDLC. Curcumin and Fenofibrate can decrease the level of TC in the liver. The high dosage of Curcumin and Fenofibrate can significantly decrease the level of TG in the liver. Curcumin can increase the LCAT activity in the plasma significantly and decrease the level of free cholesterol (FC)in the plasma. Curcumin and Fenofibrate can increase the level of PHTA. The high dosage of Curcumin can increase the level of HL activity. Curcumin and Fenofibrate can increase the level of LPL activity. Conclusion The results indicate that Curcumin has significant effect on down regulating serum and liver lipids. Meanwhile, it can up regulating the level of plasma lipase avtivities, which may be one of the possible mechanisms of Curcumin's effect on decreasing lipid and anti atherosclerosis.

Abstract:Aim To investigate how Fructus Rosa Laevigata and Membrance of Chickens Gizzard influence plasma glucose and lipid levels and insulin levels in New Zealand white rabbits. Methods The rabbits were divided into 3 groups:normal group (4 rabbits) were fed common diet;control group (7 rabbits) were fed high fat and high sucrose; treatment group (7 rabbits), after 135 days fed high fat and high sucrose diets, Fructus Rosa Laevigata [50 g/(kg·d)] and Membrance of Chickens Gizzard [27 g/(kg·d)] were supplemented into the high fat and high sucrose diet;the rabbits were treated two courses and each treatment course was equal to 25 days. Results Before treatment, there was no difference among the 3 groups in glucose, triglyceride and insulin. After high fat and high sucrose diet was fed for 135 days, the glucose, triglyceride were increased (p<0.05), compared with normal group; after treatment, treated group was compared with the control group, glucose and triglyceride were decreased (p<0.05), and insulin level was no difference (p>0.05). Conclusion Fructus Rosa Laevigata and Membrance of Chickens Gizzard can decrease serum glucose and triglyceride levels.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the effect of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) on the myocardial and kidney fibrosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Methods SHR were randomly divided into 3 groups:sham operation; ovariectomy with estrogen replacement therapy; ovariectomy treated with placebo. The rats were given normal diet and were killed three months after the operation. Systolic blood pressure, body weight, left ventricular mass were measured. Transforming growth factor β 1 (TGF β 1) in the myocardium and kidney were analyzed by immunohistochemical techniques. Myocardial interstitial collagen was analyzed using picrosirius red technique and computer image analysis system. Results Estrogen plasma levels dropped in ovariectomized rats compared with sham operate rats and recovered after estrogen substitution; the systolic blood pressure (SBP) was significantly higher in ovariectomied rats than that in normal group, no obvious change was showed between ovariectomied rats after ERT and sham operate group; TGF β 1 expression was increased in the left ventricle and kidney of overiectomied rats, and significantly decreased after ERT compared with ovariectomied group; the left ventricle of heart to body weight ratio in ovariectomied rats was significantly higher than that in sham operate rats. The ratio was decreased after treatment with estrogen; the ovariectomied rats had a highter interstitial collagen volume fraction (CVF), ERT could significantly reduce CVF. Conclusions ERT could prevent the increasing of SBP and the kidney and myocardial fibrosis in ovariectomied rats.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the effect of simvastatin on CD40 expression induced by tumor necrosis factor α (TNF α) and interferon γ (IFN γ). Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (hUVECs) cell line (ECV 304) were cultured with simvastatin (0～10 μmol/L) , and stimulated with 100 kU/L TNF α and 1 500 kU/L IFN γ. We detected CD40 expression levels in hUVECs by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR) and flow cytometry (FCM) analysis. Results In ECV 304, exposure to TNF α (100 kU/L) plus IFN γ (1 500 kU/L) resulted in a marked increase in CD40 expression; CD40 mRNA expression reached a maximum at 9 h, and protein at 20 h. Simvastatin attenuated the expression of CD40 exposed to TNF α (100 kU/L) plus IFN γ (1 500 kU/L) in a dose dependent manner, with a maximal effect at concentration of 10 μmol/L. On mRNA level, relative intensity quantification compared with basal were 90.9%±38.8% vs 228.0%±49.6% (p<0.05); on protein level, CD40 + cells ratio were 20.1%±1.3% vs 54.1%±6.1%(p<0.05). Conclusions Simvastatin can inhibit CD40 expression induced by TNF α/IFN γ. These results may have important implications for mechanism of anti inflammatory and immunological effect of statins.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the effect of endogenous estrogen levels on vascular endothelial function and its mechanism in women with coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods Flow mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery were detected by use of high resolution ultrasound in 33 women with CHD and 17 matched controls. Plasma estradiol were measured by radioimmulogy. Plasma concentrations of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) were measured by high performance liquid chromatopraphy. Results In comparison with control group, FMD significantly decreased in the CHD group (1.73%±1.26% vs 5.37%±3.20%, p<0.001). Plasma estradiol levels were lower in the CHD group than in the controls (27.80±12.28 ng/L vs 43.83±14.30 ng/L, p<0.01), whereas ADMA concentrations were higher in the CHD group than in the controls (3.39±1.07 μmol/L vs 1.31±0.69 μmol/L,p<0.001). FMD was positively correlated with plasma estradiol levels (β=0.314, p<0.05), but negatively correlated with ADMA (β=0.302, p<0.05). Plasma estradiol levels inversely correlated with ADMA concentrations (r=-0.544, p<0.001). Conclusions This study indicates that endothelium dependent vasodilatation is impaired in women with CHD. The decrease of endogenous estrogen levels accompanied with the increase of ADMA concentrations may involve in one of the mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction in women with CHD.

Abstract:Aim The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether endothelium dependent (nitric oxide mediated) dilation of the brachial artery is impaired in patients with grade 1 and 2 essential hypertension,but no other risk factors and the role of hypertension in endothelial function. Methods We studied 25 patients with hypertension and 25 control subjects. Flow mediated dilation (FMD) and hyperemia flow at rest, during reactive hyperemia were assessed in brachial artery by high resolution,two dimensional ultrasonography. Results Brachial artery FMD of hypertensive patients was significantly lower than that of controls (9.8%±6.7% vs 14.7%±6.8%,p<0.01). Hyperemia flow of hypertensive patients significantly decreased compared with that of controls (529±114 mL/min vs 642±160 mL/min,p<0.01). FMD was negatively related to systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure,respectively (r=-0.473,p<0.01 and r=-0.308,p<0.05). Hyperemia flow was negatively related to systolic blood pressure besides diastolic blood pressure. Conclusions Impaired endothelial function exists in patients with early hypertension without evidence of overt atherosclerosis.

Abstract:Aim To research the intramyocardial microcirculatory derangement and its mechanism during myocardial stunning. Methods Twelve dogs underwent 15 or 60 min left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD)occlusion, followed by 120 min reperfusion. Another six dogs underwent sham operation. Myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) was performed intravenously using C3F8 exposed sonicated dextrose albumin and blood samples were taken from coronary venous sinus at different time points. Electrocardiogram gated end systolic images in short axis were acquired in harmonic mode and digitized on line. Background subtracted peak videointensity(PVI), ascending slop(α) and early descending slop(β) of MCE curve in stunned and normal myocardium areas were measured from MCE. The ratios of PVI, α, and β between stunned and normal myocardium areas were calculated. Results A marked increase in PVI occurred in all dogs with stunned myocardium in the early period of reperfusion and the PVI restored to the pre occlusion level after 60 min of reperfusion. The ratios of PVI, α, and β in the early period of reperfusion were significantly higher than the pre occlusion levels, and gradually restored toward their pre occlusion levels. Plasma lactic acid concentrations significantly increased in the early period of reperfusion, and restored to the pre occlusion levels by 120 min after reperfusion in the 15 min LAD occlusion group, but not in the 60 min group. No changes in PVI, three rations, and plasma lactic acid levels during the experiment were observed in the sham operated group. Conclusions The microcirculation of stunned myocardium is hyperdynamic. The anaerobic metabolism of stunned myocardium enhances. The intramyocardial microcirculation "short" is a possible mechanism of the microcirculatory dysfunction of stunned myocardium.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the relationship between pulse pressure index (PPI) and carotid intima media thickness (IMT). Methods A total of 334 elderly patients were divided into 4 subgroups according to the level of pulse pressure (≤60 mmHg, 61～80 mmHg, 81～100 mmHg, >100 mmHg) and PPI (≤0.400, 0.401～0.500, 0.501～0.600, >0.600) respectively. Parameters of blood pressure, clinical features and carotid IMT were analyzed. Results The carotid IMT, systolic blood pressure, and age all increased when pulse pressure and PPI increased. However, diastolic blood pressure decreased with PPI increasing, but not when pulse pressure increased. The carotid IMT correlated best with PPI in Spearman's correlation analysis. The multiple factor stepwise regression analysis showed that only the regression of carotid IMT with PPI and age were of great significance, and the standard regression coefficiency of PPI was higher than age. Conclusion The PPI is better than pulse pressure in evaluating sclerosis of vessels in elderly patients.

Abstract:Aim To determine the feasibility, safety and clinical significance of selective renal angiography in patients undergoing coronary angiography. Methods From July 2001 to August 2002, selective renal angiography was performed in 847 patients immediately after coronary angiography (CAG) to screen for renal artery stenosis (RAS). Clinical characteristics, procedural complications, degree of RAS were recorded for further analysis. 155 patients were chosen randomly to test the serum creatinine before and after the procedure. Results The procedure was accomplished with high success rate (99.6%) and without significant change of serum creatinine (77±11 μmol/L before vs 78±5 μmol/L after,p>0.05). The overall prevalence of RAS was 19% (including 7.1% with obvious stenostic lesion, stenosis above 50%; 3.9% with bilateral obvious stenosis). Multivariate analysis indicated the prevalence of RAS was strongly related to advanced age (>70 years), hypertension and multi vessel coronary artery disease. Conclusions Selective renal angiography immediately after coronary angiography is feasible and safe, and it exerts great significance of detection of RAS.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the changes of urinary ceruloplasmin excretion rate (CER) in the diseases with damage of blood vessels such as hypertension and diabetes. To compare the changes of urinary CER and albuminuria excretion rate (AER) and to evaluate the significance of them in clinical medicine. Methods The CER and AER levels were determined by the method of Enzyme Linked lmmunosorbent Assay respectively. Results In control group the CER mean value was 52.98 ±32.89 ng/min, and AER was 7.13±2.29 μg/min. In hypertension group CER mean value was 94.01±69.50 ng/min, and AER was 10.42±8.19 μg/min. In diabetes groups CER mean value was 131.92±103.64 ng/min, and AER was 18.69±27.3 μg/min. There were significant differences in both AER and CER, comparing control group with the hypertension and diabetes respectively (p<0.05). The CER and AER levels were highest in diabetes group. Conclusions ①The urinary CER of patients with diabetes and hypertension were higher than that in the control group. ②Compared CER of patients in different groups, the CER in diabetes group was highest of all with hypertension group followed. There were significant differences in CER and AER between groups of diabetes and hypertension. ③CER increased with the progression of AER in parallel.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the changes of endothelin (ET),calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP), angiotensin Ⅱ (AngⅡ) and atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) in plasma of patients underwent coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). Methords ET, CGRP, Ang Ⅱ and ANP in plasma of 32 patients with coronary heart disease who had the CABG operation were studied. The pericardium, auricle, pericardial fluid were got during the CABG operation. The tissue were homogenated, centrifuged and the supernatant was got; anticoagulant blood were centrifuged and the plasma was got then the ET, AngII, CGRP and ANP in the luquid were assayed by RIA. Results ET in the pericardial and auricle were very different (p<0.001). AngⅡ in the plasma and pericardial fluid were obviously different, and the same as that in the pericardium and auricle (p<0.001). CGRP in the plasma and pericardial fluid, pericardium and auricle, were also different (p<0.05,p<0.001). Though there was no difference of ANF between plasma and pericardial fluid, ANF in the pericardium was higher than in the auricle (p<0.001). Conclusion Different tissue of CABG patients had alternated ET,CGRP,AngⅡ and ANP.

Abstract:Aim The efficacy of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) is limited by a high incidence of chronic restenosis which has been reported to be as high as 30%～50% within 3～6 months. This study was designed to establish an animal model to study the mechanism of restenosis and methods of preventing restenosis. Methods Right common carotid artery (CCA), internal carotid artery (ICA) and external carotid artery (ECA) were exposed with a mdline linear skin incision in the neck. The right CCA 2 cm proximal to the carotid bifurcation and the right ICA at orifice were temporary occluded by aneurysmal straight clips. The right ECA was ligated at the exposed distal end. A 2.0 cm or 1.5 cm balloon catheter was used to induce injury of the righe CCA. The catheter was introduced into the CCA though a small window opened in the ECA, which is proximal to the ligation site. After the clip of the CCA was removed the deflated catheter was passed through the CCA into the aortic arch. An inflated balloon with 8 atomospheric pressure in the aortic arch was slowly pulled back to the ECA to mechanically expand the righ CCA. At 3rd, 7th, 15th days after the balloon injury, the rabbits were killed and histological and morphometric analysis of the right CCA were performed (left CCA as control). Results Histological and morphometric analysis indicated thrombosis is main changes in early stage and followed by VSMC from media into intima and unregulated proliferation and lead to obviously intimal thicking and stenosis at 15 days after PTA. Conclusion For its adventages such as low mortality, high practicability and good reproduce, the model is an ideal model for study of the mechanism and the prevention of restenosis.