Abstract:Aim To observe the cleavage of nucleolin (also named C23) during apoptosis induced by oxidative stress and clarify the effect of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) on cleavage of nucleolin and its possible molecular mechanism. Methods 0.5 mmol/L hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2) was added into cultured cells to mimic oxidative stress. Cleavage of C23 were detected by using immunoblotting; Heat shock response (HSR) and HSP70 transgenic cell lines were used to observe the effect of HSR and HSP70 on cleavage of C23 induced by oxidative stress, and the relationship between HSP70 and C23 was evaluated by using co-immunoprecipitation. Results Activity of caspase-3 increased significantly after 2 h of 0.5 mmol/L H 2O 2 treatment, and reached peak at 12 h. The cleavage of C23 appeared 30 min to 1 h after treatment of H 2O 2 as indicated by a cleaved fragmentation of 80 kDa, which was significantly inhibited by HSR and HSP70. Furthermore co-immunoprecipitation study indicated that HSP70 could bind directly to C23 during H 2O 2 treatment. Conclusions Oxidative stress could induce the activation of caspase-3, cleavage of C23 and apoptosis; and HSP70 could inhibit significantly the cleavage of C23 induced by oxidative stress and its mechanism was related to the interaction between HSP70 and C23 during oxidative stress.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the signal transduction of neutrophils adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (hUVEC, ECV304) induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation. Methods The adhesion model was reproduced by hypoxia/ reoxygenation. The adhesion rate of neutrophils to ECV304 was determined by color matching. The expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules of E-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) was measured with flow cytometry. The expression of cyclophilin A and the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and p70 ribosomal S6 kinase (p70 S6K) were compared among experimental groups by western blot. Results After stimulation with 1 h hypoxia/4 h reoxygenation, ECV304 showed an enhanced neutrophil adhensivity in the association with an increased surface expression of E-selectin and ICAM-1. Furthermore, the expression of cyclophilin A increased significantly following 1 h hypoxia/4 h reoxygenation, which was accompanied with an increased activation of ERK1/2 and p70 S6K. Treatment with cyclophilin A inhibitor cyclosporin A and cyclophilin A antisense oligodeoxynucleotides significantly inhibited the activation of ERK1/2 and p70 S6K and decreased the adhesion of neutrophils to ECV304. p70 S6K antagonist rapamycin also significantly decreased the adhesion of neutrophils to ECV304. The specific ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 showed inhibition to neutrophils adhesion to hypoxia/reoxygenation-stimulated ECV304. Conclusions Cyclophilin A-ERK1/2-p70 S6K pathway is involved in the adhesion of neutrophils to ECV304 induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation.

Abstract:Aim To explore the injured effects of endothelial cells by oxidized low density lipoprotein and its mechanism via lectin-like ox-LDL receptor-1. Methods The specific ox-LDL receptor of cultured umbilical vein endothelial cells (hUVEC) was examed by their binding of 125 I-labeled ox-LDL and by the inhibiting effects of competitors on ox-LDL binding to Lectin-like ox-LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1). Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was determined by the method of 2,4-dinitryl-benzohydrazine. Cell viability were detected by trypan blue dye and observed under phase-difference microscope. Results hUVEC membrane was observed to possess a high-affinity ox-LDL binding site (Determined by Scatchard plot, its Kd is 38.4±18.8 mg/L and Bmax is 181.5±55.5 ng/10 6cells). Incubation of hUVEC with ascending dose of ox-LDL for 24 hours. The ascending doses of ox-LDL significantly increase LDH leakage into culture media (from 0.111±0.012 ku/g protein to 0.770±0.044 ku/g protein). Accordingly, viability of hUVEC decrease in response to ox-LDL (from 95.6%±3.8% to 80.7%±4.9%). The effects of ox-LDL is blocked partially by LOX-1 chemical blockers, polyinosinic acid and carrageenan. Conclusion hUVEC possess endothelial receptors for ox-LDL (LOX-1). Ox-LDL-mediated injury to hUVEC may be induced by LOX-1.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the role of lipoprotein lipase ( LPL) activator NO-1886 on the mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR), LPL and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in Guizhou minipigs fed with high-fat and high-sucrose. Methods Guizhou minipigs were randomized in to three groups: control group, high-fat high-sucrose group, high-fat high-sucrose and NO-1886 treated group (1% NO-1886 supplemented into the diet after 4 months). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of PPAR, LPL and TNF-α RNA is extracted from frozen tissues, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is performed. Results The high-fat and high-sucrose diet increased the levels of mRNA expression of PPAR α in liver and muscle and the levels of mRNA expression of TNF-α in fat while decreased the levels of mRNA expression of fat PPAR α. NO-1886 improves the glucose metabolism probably through stimulating PPAR α and LPL expression. NO-1886 reduced the mRNA expression of fat TNF-α, decreased the mRNA expression of PPAR α in muscle and liver. Conclusions NO-1886 may stimulate PPAR γ and LPL expression, reduce the mRNA expression of TNF-α and PPAR α, which would account for an important role of NO-1886 in preventing atherosclerosis and lowing the blood sugar.

Abstract:Aim To investigate effect of cigarette smoking onmorphology and expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), ICAM-1 mRNA in vascular endothelial cells of rats' brains and to further explore influence of cigarette smoking on atherogenesis. Methods 75 male Wistar rats were randomly subgrouped into long-term massive, short-term massive, long-term trifle, anti-smoking and normal control group. Immunohistochemistry technique, in situ hybridization technique and pathologic image analyzing system were used to determine the expression of ICAM-1, ICAM-1 mRNA in rats' cerebral vascular endothelial cells. Results In contrast to normal control group, expression of ICAM-1, ICAM-1 mRNA in rats' cerebral vascular endothelial cells increased in smoking (103.7±3.9 vs 99.7±7.1 vs 92.6±5.2 vs 94.8±5.1 vs 84.2±4.7 for the mean gray value of ICAM-1mRNA staining in normal control, anti-smoking, short-term massive, long-term trifle, long-term massive group, repectively; p<0.05), and ICAM-1, ICAM-1 mRNA were relevant to the duration and dose of smoking (p<0.05). Expression of ICAM-1 and ICAM-1 mRNA decreased after anti-smoking, and there was no significant difference compared with normal control group (p>0.05). The structure of endothelial cells changed greatly in smoking, and partly recovered after anti-smoking. Conclusion The upregulation of expression of ICAM-1 and ICAM-1 mRNA might be one of the important molecular mechanisms during the process of atherosclerosis in cigarette smoking rats.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the efffect of breviscapine on the proliferation, cell ultrastructure, cell cycle and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity of rabbit vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) in order to find out the mechanism of its action. Methods By techniques of cell culture in vitro, VSMC stimulated by fetal bovine serum were treated by breviscapine in different concentration for a certain period, then the inhibitory ratio of cell proliferation was measured by MTT, cell cycle distribution and NF-κB activity of the cell were measured by Flow-Cytometry respectively, and the cell ultrastructure was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results Breviscapine could obviously inhibit the proliferation of VSMC stimulated by fetal bovine serum (IC50 value was 17.9 mg/L), and change the cell ultrastructure, which included that electron density increased, a part of cytomembrane lysised, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus showed vacuolar degeneration, some mitochondrion showed coagulation and mitochondrial crista disappeared or showed coagulation. Breviscapine could also decrease S phase cells, increase G 0/G 1 phase cells and down-regulate NF-κB activity of VSMC by concentration-dependent fashion, and the results were significant compared with the control (p<0.01). Conclusion Breviscapine could obviously inhibit the proliferation of VSMC and may prevent atherosclerosis, which mechanism may be realized partly by regulating NF-κB activity of VSMC.

Abstract:Aim To study the adhesion and retention of endothelial cells in different conditions, such as different shear stress and substrates, and gene trasfected or not, with the parallel plate flow chamber. Methods After treated with different substrates, endothelial cells were cultured on the substrates, and were processed by the same size shear stress. Or endothelial cells were processed by different size shear stress which cultured on the same substrate. Results Cells retention ratio was higher in low shear stress than high shear stress although both of them were in normal shear stress. Cells retention ratio was high in poly-l-lysine and fibronectin than in collagen Ⅳ. There was no effect on retention of endothelial cells in poly-l-lysine that gene transfected into endothelial cells. Conclusion Different size shear stress and substrates effect the retention of endothelial cells.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the effect of Irbesartan and Xuefuzhuyutang in carotid artery vascular remodeling in the spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR). Methods 12 SHR, 12 SHR treated with Irbesartan, 12 SHR with Irbesartan and Xuefuzhuyutang, 12 wistar rats were normotensive control group. The vascular volume fraction of Collagen and the ratio of wall and cavity were determined by picrosirius red and HE staining. The serum concentrations of procollagen type Ⅰ (PCⅠ) and procollagen type Ⅲ (PC Ⅲ) were measured by specific radioimmunoassays. Results Significant Fibrosis exists in carotid artery of SHR. After 20 week's Irbesartan treating, the vascular volume fraction of collagen and the ratio of wall/cavity were descended (8.19±0.40, 8.35±0.42 vs 9.64±0.41, 14.71±0.52, p<0.05), the effect with Irbesartan and Xuefuzhuyutang was better than the effect with Irbesartan only (6.17±0.38, 7.63±0.53 vs 8.19±0.40, 8.35±0.42, p<0.05). Baseline serum PCⅠ, PCⅢ and the ratio of PCⅠ/Ⅲ were increased in SHR (167.4±18.7, 64.6±7.6, 2.6±0.3 vs 83.6±10.1, 45.3±5.6, 1.82±0.21, p<0.05). The correlation between PCⅠ with volume fraction of collagen was positive (r=0.385, p<0.05), PCⅢ and the ratio of PCⅠ/Ⅲ with volume fraction of collagen were no significantly correlation in the SHR (r=0.089 and 0.107, p>0.05). Conclusion Xuefuzhuyutang was beneficial to reverse artery vascular collagen remodeling, and the serum concentration of PCⅠ can indicate the significance of the carotid artery vascular collagen remodeling in SHR.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the mechanism of the expression increase of the vascular serine elastase after the vascular injury by balloon catheter from the point of view of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Method The rat abdominal aorta and carotid arteries of the male Wistar rats were injured by balloon catheters. In situ hybridization was performed by the RNA probe of PDGF-A and rat pancreatic elastase which was labeled with digoxin, and the double immunostaining for 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) was performed. The immunostaining or double immunostaining had been done with the antibodies against PDGF-A, B, pancreatic elastase, proliferating cell nuclear antigen. The ultramicrostructure of the vascular cells was observed with transmission electron microscope. Results In the very early stage of balloon injury, the cells of expressing PDGF-A mRNA were more than those of expressing elastase mRNA. The proliferating cells and migrating cells not only expressed PDGF-A mRNA and PDGF-A protein, but also expressed elastase mRNA and elastase protein. Most of the migrating cells were positive for proliferating cell nuclear antigen, the karyomitosis in the cells could be observed. Conclusion PDGF may be a factor that stimulate the proliferation, the migration and the expression increase of elastase of the medial smooth muscle cells.

Abstract:Aim To explore the protective effects of extract of leaves of Ginkgo biloba (EGb) on vascular dysfunction injured by high lipidemia in rats and analyze the possible mechanism related to paraoxonase (PON-1) activity. Methods 32 Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into four groups. The rats of control group and high lipid (HL) diet group were fed with conventional chow or fat emulsion (contained 10% cholesterol and 20% lard) respectively. The other two groups were fed with fat emulsion plus EGb [0.25 mg/(kg·d)] and vitamin E [100 mg/(kg·d)] respectively. In order to potentiate atherogenic effects of fat emulsion,the rats were received an extra vitamin D3 (thirty hundred thousand U/kg, orally, for 2 days) before feeding with fat emulsion. Animal was killed in the 21st day and aortic artery was isolated to analyze response of vascular function. Fasting blood samples were collected after experiment for an assay of lipids,nitri oxide (NO),malondialdehyde (MDA) and PON-1 activity. Results The HL diet resulted in a hyperlipidemia (HLA) characterized by increase of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), LDLC, and atherosclerosis index (AI) [AI=(TC-HDLC)/HDLC]. The treatment of both of EGb and vitamin E have no significant effect on HL diet induced-HLA. The HLA significantly inhibited endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR) (maximum relaxation: 95.1%±19.8% vs 47.1%±14.9% respectively in control and HL diet group,p<0.01) and endothelium-independent relaxation (maximum relaxation: 98.2%±3.6% vs 56.7%±7.9% respectively in control and HL diet group,p<0.01). Both EGb and vitamin E prevented from decrease of EDR (81.8%±9.3%, 76.2%±11.3% respectively in EGb and vitamin E group,p<0.01 vs HL diet group,p>0.05 vs control group) and endothelium-independent relaxation (85.8%±7.2%, 83.6%±4.9% respectively in EGb and vitamin E group,p<0.01 vs HL diet group,p>0.05 vs control group ). The HLA markedly decreased the concentration of both NO (3.35±1.07 μmol/L vs 5.16±1.32 μmol/L respectively in HL diet and control group,p<0.01) and PON-1 activity (kU/L ) (7.9±3.74 vs 18.03±7.24 respectively in HL diet and control group,p<0.01) and increased plasma MDA (4.37±1.29 μmol/L vs 2.61±0.94 μmol/L respectively in HL diet and control group, p<0.01) . EGb and vitamin E preserved PON-1 activity (16.5±5.25 and 14.6±3.83 respectively in EGb and vitamin E group, p<0.01 or p<0.05 vs HL diet group, p>0.05 vs control group) and plasma NO (5.05±1.41 and 4.91±1.65 respectively in EGb and vitamin E, p<0.01 vs HL diet group, p>0.05 vs control) and significantly blocked elevation of MDA (2.77±1.30 and 2.88±1.17 respectively in EGb and vitamin E, p<0.05 vs HL diet group, p>0.05 vs control group) induced by HLA. Conclusion EGb exerted protective effects against HLA-impaired both EDR and endothelium-independent relaxation. The mechanisms of protection of EGb against vascular dysfunction are related to preserving activity of PON-1 and reducing production of lipid peroxidation.

Abstract:Aim To explore the effect of the angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 (AT 1) receptor antagonist irbesartan on cardiomyocytes apoptosis in spontaneous hypertensire rats (SHR),and gain insight into the regulation of cardiac apoptosis. Methods Twenty 13 weeks old SHR were randomly devide into two groups: SHR positive control group,irbesartan treating group [50 mg/(kg·d)],ten normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats were acted as normal control group. Monitoring blood pressure of rats periodically, After 15 weeks, putting all rats to death, measuring heart weight, then we investigated the changes of cardiomyocytes, apoptosis using in situ TDT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). The expression of Bcl-2, Bax and P53 was assessed by immunolistochemical detection. Results Compared with WKY, untreated SHR exhibited increased apoptosis (1.59±0.38 vs 0.33±0.11, p<0.01) increased Bax (1.76±0.31 vs 0.59±0.11,p<0.01) and similar Bcl-2(0.88±0.26 vs 0.82±0.19, p>0.05), The Bcl-2/Bax ratio was lower in untreated SHR than in WKY (0.53±0.17 vs 1.41±0.34, p<0.01) . The chronic administration of irbesartan was associated with the the normalization of apoptosis (0.56±0.17 vs 1.59±0.38, p<0.01), Bax expression (0.84±0.23 vs 1.76±0.31, p<0.01) and the Bcl-2/Bax ratio (1.12±0.35 vs 0.53±0.17, p<0.01). No changes in the expression of Bcl-2 were observed in these rats after treatment(0.92±0.28 vs 0.88±0.26,p>0.05). Conclussion Chronic blockade of AT1 receptors prevents Bax overexpression and normalizes apoptosis in the left ventricular of SHR independenty of its hemoclynamic effect. AT1 blocker may prevented apoptosis by acting through a receptor mechanism involving the AT1 receptor, and may participate in the stimulation of Bax protein,which in turn renders cardiomyocytes more susceptible to apoptosis.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the apoptotic function of the oxidized LDL and Lp(a) on the endothelia cells and the roles of PPAR during the process. Methods hUVEC were isolated from fresh umbilical cords obtained at normal deliveries. The LDL and Lp(a) were obtained by density-gradient ultracentrifugation and were oxidized through incubation with 15 μmol/L CuSO 4. The apoptosis of endothelia cells was observed with the oxidized lipoproteins at different time points by the measurements of TUNEL and electronical microscope. The changes among the apoptosis,inflammation factors and NF-κB with the pretreatments of gemfibrozil and troglitazone were observed. The activation of PPARα and PPARγ were tested by immunohistology. The secretion of IL-6 was measured with ELISA. The expression of IL-6R, IL-6 and NF-κB were performed by FACS. Results The oxidized LDL and Lp(a) induced the apoptosis of endothelia cells which was accentuated with 6, 12, 18 and 24 h points. Gemfibrozil and troglitazone relieved the function of oxidized lipoproteins through the activation of PPARα and PPARγ respectively accompanying the lower expression of IL-6 and IL-6R. Conclusions Oxidized lipoprotein can induce the apoptosis of endothelia cells with a time-depended style. PPARα and PPARγ may relieve the apoptosis of vascular cells through the inhibition of inflammation factors.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the effect of simvastatin on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cell. Methods The effects of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and simvastatin on the levels of VEGF and its receptor in human umbilical vein endothelial cell were studied by means of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western Blot. Results TNF-α and IL-1β significantly increased the expression of VEGF and its receptor in human umbilical vein endothelial cell,which were decreased by Simvastatin at the different levels. Conclusion Simvastatin may have the effects of anti-inflammation and anti-atherosclerosis.

Abstract:Aim To estimate the expression and significance of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1),vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in human normal coronary artery and coronary atherosclerosis. Methods SP immunohistochemical technique was utilized to measure the expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, TNF-α in normal caromrlyartery and caronary atherosclerosis respectively. Analyses were performed on SPSS 10.0. Results The expressions of ICAM-1,VCAM-1and TNF-α were on endothelial cell, smooth muscle cell and macrophage of atherosclerosis. They were expressed individually as 50.0±10.9, 51.8±6.0, 13.9±2.8 in fatty streak period, 23.1±7.3, 37.2± 9.7 , 23.0±6.0 in fibrous plaque period, 17.5±4.9, 18.6±5.5, 38.0±10.0 in atheromatous plaque period. They were all significantly higher than those in healthy controls (all p<0.01). There was positive correlation in ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and TNF-α (r1=0.344, P1<0.01; r2=0.52, P2<0.01). Conclusion The expression of ICAM-1,VCAM-1and TNF-αin endothelial cell,smooth muscle cell and macrophage of experimental group implied they partaked the certain link of progression in atherosclerosis. Expression of TNF-αwas related to ICAM-1,VCAM-1 and degree of atherosclerosis.

Abstract:Aim To explore the possibility of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)gene transfer preventing restenosis of vein grafts. Methods We constructed the recombinant adenovirus vector that coding eNOS, AdCMV eNOS and adenovirus vector (AdCMV). Artery bypass animal model was constructed: we took jugulars of goat as grafts, infected AdCMV eNOS and AdCMV in vitro, then anastomosed the vein grafts between carotids of goats. The functional expression of eNOS in vein grafts was assessed using immunohistochemical staining and measurement of NO concentration. The inhibition of intimal hyperplasia in vein grafts transducted AdCMV eNOS was assessed using assay of 3 H-TDR incorporation, histologic analysis, measursment of intimal thickness and area percentage of stenosis of vein grafts. Results Expression of eNOS gene in vein grafts began on 48 h after transducted with AdCMV eNOS. Levels of NO in vein grafts: AdCMV eNOS transduced veins yielded 1724.1±312.2 μmol/(L·g ), whereas AdCMV yielded 245.8±17.4 μmol/(L·g) (p<0.001, n=3). Levels of 3 H-TDR Incorporation: Incorporation in AdCMV veins was 487.7±51.1 cmp/mg vessel, and 140.8±32.5 cmp/mg vessel in AdCMV eNOS veins (p<0.01, n=3). Mean thickness of intimal was 125.7±30.60 μm in AdCMV veins, and 28.8±5.24 μm in AdCMV eNOS veins; area percentage of stenosis was 52.18%±8.46% in AdCMV veins, and 23.6%±4.71% in AdCMV eNOS veins. Conclusions Adenovirus-mediated eNOS gene transfer could inhibit intimal hyperlasia effectively. This work lay a foundation in gene therapy of grafts restenosis after CABG.

Abstract:Aim To investigate gene expression patterns of atherosclerosis (As) induced by homocysteine (Hcy). Methods Total RNA were isolated from peripheral blood lymphocytes of 3 inpatients who had no traditional risk factors of coronary heart disease (CHD). They were one with normal coronary angiography and plasma Hcy level, one CHD patient with normal plasma Hcy level, and one CHD patient with high plasma homocysteine level. The RNAs were reversely transcribed to the cDNAs to prepare the hybridization probes. The probes were hybridized to the gene chip with 1152 genes to study gene expression patterns. Results There were 177 differentially expressed genes between the CHD patient with high plasma homocysteine level and the patient with normal coronary angiography and plasma Hcy level (group 1). There were 151 differentially expressed genes between the CHD patient with high plasma homocysteine level and the CHD patient with normal plasma Hcy level (group 3). A parallel comparison between group 1 and group 3 gene chips showed that there were 48 differentially expressed genes in common, of which there were 25 down-regulated and 23 up-regulated genes. Conclusion Among the differentially expressed genes, some are involved in the functions of apoptosis, signal transduction, immunology, translation of protein and proto-oncogene, etc. They had potential values in genesis of As induced by Hcy. The study based on gene chip in researching the differentially expressed genes of As induced by Hcy will provide new clues for finding out the pathogenesis of As.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the effect of hyperhomocysteinemia in hypertension and with acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease (AICVD) about blood coagulation and fibrinolgsis. Methods 28 cases of essencial hypertension patients, 30 cases of essencial hypertension (EH) and AICVD patients and 21 normal subjects were recruited to the study. Plasma total HCY level was measured using high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection, meanwhile fibrinogen (FIB), tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)were measured. Results Plasma HCY, t-PA, PAI and FIB level in AICVD patients and EH patients were higher than that in normal subjects. While PAI level in AICVD patients was higher than that in EH patients. And t-PA level in AICVD patiets was lower than that in EH patients. Conclusions There was hyperhomocystieinmia in EH and AICVD patiets. Hyperhomocysteinemia play an important role in coagulation and fibrinolgsis in patient with EH and AICVD.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the X-ray radiation of coronary heart disease patients rooted in coronary and left ventrical cinematography (CALVC) and intra-coronary stent implantation (ICSI). Methods 112 CHD cases were analysed, including 53 patients with CALVC, and 59 with ICSI. The radiation dose values,such as DAP (dose-area product) and ESD (enter skin dose) measured by using a dose system equipped in Angiostar-Plus, were obtained. Effect dose (ED) was estimated by Monte-Carlo conversion coefficient from the DAP. Results The dose values of DAP, ESD and ED in this serial measured respectively for 59.1±51.5 Gycm 2, 626±590 mGy, 8.3±7.2 mSv; in ICSI group for 83.5±57.6 Gycm 2, 926±656 mGy, 11.7±8.1 mSv; and in CALVC group was 31.9±21.5 Gycm 2, 292±218 mGy, 4.5±3.0 mSv, respectively. The fluoroscopy in ICSI contributed to total exposure dose (DAP: 61.6%±12.9%, ESD: 62.1%±14.2%) were larger than in CALVC (DAP: 47.8%±13.9%, ESD: 44.2%±16.1%); and the contribution of photography for total radiation dose in CALVC (DAP: 52.0%±13.7%, ESD: 58.3%±27.9%) were obviously preponderate over ICSI group (DAP: 38.5%±12.9%, ESD: 37.5%±13.6%). There were statistical difference of dose between ICSI and CALVC (p<0.01), and so do the dose contribution of fluoroscopy or radiography. Conclusion The CHDs patients got higher radiation exposure during a PCI process, radiation dose of treatment mode was evidently higher than that of diagnostic radiography. The main influence on total dose in CALVC was radiography, while in ICSI was fluoroscopy.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the structure and function of carotid artery and endothelial function in patients of acute coronary syndrome with high-frequency ultrasound. To study the relation of atherosclerosis and acute coronary syndrome. Methods With high-frequency ultrasound, not only intimal-medial thickness (IMT), plaque of carotid arteries, but also endothelium-dependent relaxing function of brachial artery were measured in subjects with acute coronary syndrome, stable angina pectoris and controls. Results IMT and endothelium-dependent relaxing function in acute coronary syndrome group (0.10±0.02 and 3.98±1.65) and stable angina pectoris group (0.11±0.04 and 4.76±2.37) were significantly higher than those in controls (0.07±0.01 and 9.33±3.47)(p<0.05). Plaque scores, plaque index in acute coronary syndrome group (4.06±2.21 and 3.14±1.97) were not significantly higher than those in stable angina pectoris group (4.17±1.76 and 3.21±1.88) (p>0.05). Unstable plaques were more common than stable plaques in acute coronary syndrome. Conclusion Peripheral blood vessel sonophic examination can measure athersclerosis. The structure and function of carotid artery and endolial function were associated with coronary atherosclerosis.

Abstract:Aim To measure the intima-media thickness (IMT) of bilateral carotid arteries with ultrasonography,and assess the relationship of carotid atherosclerosis (CAs) and the main risk factors. Methods 147 subjects were detected with carotid ultrasonography. The measurement of IMT of bilateral carotid arteries was performed. IMT>1.0 mm was taken as the diagnostic standard for CAs and all the subjects were divided into CAs group and non-CAs group. Many potential risk factors of carotid atherosclerosis were compared between the two groups. Results In the simple variable analysis, age, smoking index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, body weight index, diabetes mellitus, family history of coronary artery disease and male sex were the main risk factors for CAs (p<0.05～p<0.01). Multivariable analysis showed the important risk factors of CAs were male sex,age,systolic blood pressure,total cholesterol and smoking index (p<0.01). Conclusions The main risk factors of carotid atherosclerosis are consistent with that of the coronary artery disease. These risk factors may play an important role in the systemic atherosclerosis

Abstract:Aim To investigate the factors causing insulin resistance in subjects with the metabolic syndrome (MS). Methods 1261 administrative officers aged 20～62 years were studied for the MS using Adult Treatment Panel Ⅲ (ATP Ⅲ) criteria but with a modified waist circumference appropriate for Chinese (men>90 cm,women>80 cm). Insulin resistance was calculated using the Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) equation. Results The prevalence of the MS was 11.4% and 10.3% in men and women,respectively. There was no significant difference in prevalence of the MS between men and women. HOMA-IR index of the MS group significantly higher than that of control in both sexes. Multiple stepwise regression suggested fasting plasma glucose level,triglyceride level,and waist circumference significantly associated with HOMA-IR among components of the MS. Conclusion The factors causing insulin resistance in subjects with the MS were fasting plasma glucose level,triglyceride level,and waist circumference.

Abstract:Aim To observe the changes of subglossal collateral vessels of patients with hypertension. Methods Subglossal collateral vessels of 92 patients with hypertension were observed, compared with that of 86 normal people. Results It was suggested that the changes of subglossal collateral vessels of patients with hypertension are more serious than that of normal people. The rate of abnormal subglossal collateral vessels, which is more than Ⅱ°, is 87.04%. The older the patients or the longer the course of disease are, the more serious changes of the subglossal collateral vessels are. The changes are subglossal collateral vessels' extension, distortion, expansion, and so on. Conclusion The changes of subglossal collateral vessels have high value in demonstrating therapeutic efficacy of traditional Chinese medical science and identifying the patient's conditions.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the early diagnosis value of combining measurement of cardiac troponin-I (cTn-I), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), myoglobin (Myo) and thrombus precursor protein (TpP) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI)accompanying ST-elevation. Methods Blood samples were drown from 52 patients within 2 h, 3～4 h and 5～6 h after chest pain attack. Fluorescent immunoassay was used for quantitative determination of cTn-I, CK-MB and Myo; while enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine TpP level. Results 38 patients were diagnosed as AMI, while 14 as non-AMI. The positive rate of both TpP and Myo within 2 h, 3～4 h, 5～6 h in patients with AMI were significantly higher than those of patients without AMI (P=0.025～0.000); while the positive rate of both CK-MB and cTn-I only within 5～6 h after attack were significantly elevated in patients with AMI compared with non-AMI (P=0.000). The sensitivity, accuracy, and negative predictive value of the diagnosis of AMI by TpP were better than those by Myo, CK-MB and cTn-I within 2 h after attack (p<0.05～0.01), but there were no significantly different between TpP and Myo 3～4 h after attack, and there were no significantly different among the 4 marker 5～6 h after attack. The specificity of the diagnosis of AMI by cTn-I was best among the 4 marker. Conclusions TpP is a sensitive diagnostic indicator of AMI, while cTn-I is a specific diagnostic indicator of AMI, and the combining measurement of cTn-I, CK-MB, Myo and TpP have early diagnostic value for AMI.

Abstract:Aim To explore the effects of dietary and other relative factors on essential hypertension and to find risky factors of it. Methods A total of 154 residents aged over 35 taking part in healthy physical examination in Zhengzhou city of Henan Province were selected. Questionnaires on nutrient status and health condition, blood pressure and other relative indexes were conducted. Firstly one sample t-test, group t-test for independent samples, chi-square test and then forward selection of logistic regression for two dependent variables were used to analysis the data by means of SAS6. 12 statistical software, respectively from gender, age, physical labour level, family history, body mass index, waist circumference, life habits, lipemia, blood glucose, food and nutrients intakes. Results Chi-square test and t-test find that drinking and intakes of excessive energy can both increase the prevalence rate of essential hypertension (p<0.05). Of those which enter logistic regression model, family history, waist circumference, body mass index, blood triglyceride and dietary fat are all the risky factors of essential hypertension, their Odds Rates are as follows by order: 1.9770, 1.0810, 1.1670, 1.5170, 1.6080; fresh vegetable is a protective factor of essential hypertension, its OR is 0.0080. This investigation also indicates that inadequate intakes of grain, vegetable and fruit and excessive intakes of meat, egg, oil and salt may increase the hypertensive prevalence rate of this investigated population. Conclusion Dietary and life style is as important as hereditary to the occurrence of essential hypertension.

Abstract:Aim To prepare the polyclonal antibodies against VLDL receptor and to characterize the antibodies. Methods Rabbits were immunized with polypeptide fragment of VLDL receptor as antigen. The blood serum of the immunized rabbits was collected. The quality of the antibodies were analyzed and characterized with ELISA and Western Blot. Results Rabbit against mouse and human VLDL receptor antibodies were obtained. The anti-serum have high title and can recognize the two subtypes of natural VLDL receptor through Western Blot. Conclusions The polyclonal antibodies against VLDL receptor were obtained, which provide a new tool to study the protein of VLDL receptor.

Abstract:Aim To explore the microinflammatory state and the effect of microinflammatory response on lipoprotein(a)[Lp(a)] by analyzing chronic inflammatory indices and its correlation with Lp(a) in patients with maintained hemodialysis (MHD). Methods The serum chronic inflammatory indices including C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and Lp(a)were measured in 50 MHD patients and 30 normal controls, the relationship among them was analyzed. Results The serum CRP, IL-6, TNF-α and Lp (a) levels were 4.54±2.39 mg/L, 130.6±104.3 ng/L, 1.60 ±0.64 μg/L and 571.5±442.7 mg/L respectively in MHD group, and all of them were significantly higher in MHD group than those in control group. Lp(a) positively correlated with CRP, TNF-α and IL-6 (r values were 0.627, 0.486 and 0.404 respectively, each p<0.01). Conclusions There is microinflammatory state in MHD patients. Inflammation may correlate to metabolic disorder of Lp(a).

Abstract:Aim To discuss the cause and methods and complications of endovascular therapy of carotid-cavernous fistulas. Methods Were analyzed clinical expression and imaging characteristic of CT, MR, and selectivity angiogram in 19 cases of carotid-cavernous fistulas. They were treated by detachable balloon and/or coil emoblization. Results Clinical symptom relieved in 17 cases, optic cacophony and nystagmus disappeared, exophthalmos and the dropsy of conjunctiva disappeared after a week of emoblization therapy. 2 patients showed surgical complications, of which a patient has been dead. Conclusion The methods of endovascular therapy was safe and reliable, which has been chiefly wsed to treat carotid-cavernous fistulas.