Abstract:Aim To study effects of cell protein phosphorylation on scavenger receptor.Methods Mouse peritoneal macrophages(MPM) were treated with protein kinase C(PCK) inhibitor staurosporine,and then the cell were incubated with ~(125) I-(oxidized low density lipoprotein(ox-LDL) or ox-LDL.The effects of the drug on expression of cell surface receptor were observed by means of autoradiography.Moreover,the cellular binding of ~(125) I-ox-LDL,its degradation and the accumulation of lipids within cell were measured separately.Results Staurosporine(0.4 μmol/L) could enhance MPM to bind lipids and stimulate scavenger receptor exression,and could reduce degradation of lipids by MPM and the accumulation of cholestrol within the cell.Conclusion The function of scavenger receptors may be correlated with cell protein phorsphorylation.

Abstract:Aim To investigate effects of constant magnetic field(CMF) on nitric oxide(NO) production and nitric oxide synthase(NOS) activity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells(hUVEC) intervened by advanced glycosylation endproduct(AGE).Methods The third passage of cultured hUVEC were used.AGE modified bovine serum albumin(AGE-BSA) was prepared by sugar incubation.The cells were divided into six groups: control group,AGE group(AGE-BSA 100 μg/L),AGE-BSA with 1×10~(-4)T,5×10~(-4)T,10×10~(-4)T and 20×10~(-4)T of cons tant magnetic field group.Samples were collected 24 h later.NO levels in the supernatant were determined using Griess reagent,and NOS activity of hUVEC was dedected.Results NO levels and NOS activity significantly decreased in AGE-BSA group(p<0.05). In 1×10~(-4)T,5×10~(-4)T,10×10~(-4)T and 20×10~(-4) T groups,NO levels and NOS activity significantly increased compared with AGEBSA group(p<0.05).Conclusion AGE-BSA can inhibit NO production and NOS activity in hUVEC,whereas 1×10~(-4)T to 20×10~(-4)T of constant magnetic field can intensity-dependently antagonize the effects of AGE-BSA on NO production.

Abstract:Aim To observe the protein expression of Cyclophilin A in lipid-loaded macrophages induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein and its effect on cellular cholesterol accumulation.Methods RAW264.7 mouse macrophages were treated with 75 mg/L oxidized low density lipoprotein(ox-LDL) for different time(control,24 hours,48 hours and 72 hours).Western-blot analysis and immunofluorescence were used to detect protein expression of Cyclophilin A.High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) analysis was peformed to determine the content of cellular total cholesterol and cholesterol ester.Results Western-blot analysis and immunofluorescence showed that the protein expression of Cyclophilin A was significantly decreased in a time-dependent manner in macrophages.High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) analysis was peformed the content of cellular total cholesterol and cholesterol ester were increased greatly.Conclusions The protein expression of Cyclophilin A was down-regulated in lipid-loaded macrophages while the content of cellular total cholesterol and cholesterol ester were increased greatly.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the changes of Ca²⁺-activated K~+(KCa) channels of rats aortic smooth muscle cells with aging.Methods The aortic smooth muscle cells from rats of three groups(1,6,20 months,n=20 respectively) was digested by enzyme and studied the activity of KCa in the rats aortic smooth muscle cells by the Patch-clamp technique.The signal channel open probability(Po),open dwell-time(To),close dwell-time(Tc) and urrent ampitude(AM) were recorded.Results(1)The conductance of the rats aortic smooth muscle cells of 1,6,20 months was 192±47 ps,177±56 ps,163±35 ps respectively.There was no significant difference in each group(p>0.05).But the AM of the rats aortic smooth muscle cells decresed with aging.(2)The Po of KCa in the rats aortic smooth muscle cells was 0.009±0.001,0.015±0.004 respectively,The Tc was 2260±653,2512±185 respectively in 20 month-old rats and in 1 month-old rats under inside-out patch.The activity of KCa had significant difference between two groups(p<0.01).(3)The sensitity of KCa channel to Ca²⁺ in the aortic smooth muscle cells from different month-old rats: After adding Ca²⁺(5×10~(-7),10~(-6),10~(-5) mol/L) to cytoplasm,the Po incresed and the Tc decresed in each group.While comparison of different month-old rats,the Po and the To of 20 month-old rats was less than that of 6 month-old rats and 1 month-old rats.Conclusion The activity of KCa reduced in rats aortic smooth muscle with aging

Abstract:Aim To establish a method for tracking bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(MSC) through transfection of enhanced green fluorescence protein(EGFP) gene.Methods Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from bone marrow and purified by density centrifuge in vitro.The cultured cells were transferred with the expressing plamid of EGFP(pEGFP) by means of lipofectamine media methods.The transient expression and transfection efficiency were subsequently observed by fluorescent microscopy.Results The expression of EGFP was initially found in 12 h after transfection,reached optimal state in 48～72 h,remained strong express within 1 week and than became weak for 4 weeks.The efficiency of transfection was correlated with the concentration of plamid and lipofectamine respectively.Particularly,the growth and proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells wasn't disturbed by EGFP gene transfection.Conclusions EGFP transfected by lipofectamine media could be safely expressed in MSC in vitro.The efficiency of transfection could reach 20%～30% with proper concentration of plamid and lipofactamine.EGFP as a report gene to label stem cells was an ideal method for tracking.

Abstract:Aim Hypertension-induced cardiovascular remodeling is associated with abnormally increased biomechanical stress.To explore how the cardiovascular cells sense and convert the extracellular mechanical stress into intracellular biochemical signals leading to finally pathophysiological responses.Methods When rat vascular smooth muscle cells cultivated on a flexible membrane were subjected to cyclic strain stress(60 cycles/min,15% elongation) at various time points,translocation and phosphorylation of protein kinase C(PKC)βⅡ were observed as detected by Western blot analysis.In addition,the stretched vascular smooth muscle cells were labeled using ~3H-thymidine for 6h and then harvested for ~3H-thymidine-labeled cell count.Results Equal distribution of PKCβⅡ was observed in cytosole and membrane of the quiescent vascular smooth muscle cells,respectively.While vascular smooth muscle cells were subjected to mechanical stress,induction of translocation of PKCβⅡ was observed as distributed by 20.9% in the cytosole and 79.1% in the membrane,implying that mechanical stress induced PKCβⅡ translocation from cytosole to membrane.Concomitantly,mechanical forces evoked rapid activation of PKCβⅡ in a time dependent manner showing that phosphorylation of PKCβⅡ peaked at 2min and declined after then in response to mechanical stress,while no phosphorylation of PKCβⅡ occurred in the untreated cells.In addition,mechanical forces significantly induced increase of DNA synthesis of vascular smooth muscle cells as demonstrated by incorporation of -thymidine compared to no treated cells.Conclusion Mechanical stress significantly induced translocation and phosphorylation of PKCβⅡ in the vascular smooth muscle cells leading to increased vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation.This data will be useful for understanding the molecular mechanisms of hypertension and its related cardiovascular diseases,and providing approaches of prevention and treatment of this disease.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the effect of rosiglitazone on the blood levels of nitric oxide(NO)and endothelin-1(ET-1) in insulin resistant rats and the underlying mechanism.Methods Male Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were fed with high fructose to induce insulin resistant rats model,rats were treated with or without rosiglitazone after 4 weeks.At the end of 8th week,systolic blood pressure(SBP),fasting blood sugar(FBS),fasting serum insulin(FSI),blood lipids,NO,ET-1 and aortic nitric oxide synthase(NOS) activity were measured respectively in groups.Results Compared with control group,SBP,FSI and ET-1 in model group significantly increased;aortic NOS activity and NO levels were significantly lowered.At the same time,the abnormity of lipid metabolism appeared in the model group.After rosiglitazone treatment,SBP,FSI and ET-1 remarkably reduced;aortic NOS activity and NO levels significantly increased;insulin resistance and the abnormity of lipid metabolism were improved.While all indexes did not change significantly after rosiglitazone treated control rats.Conclusions Rosiglitazone may improve vascular endothelial function in rats with insulin resistance by decreasing blood pressure,increasing insulin sensitivity,improving the abnormity of lipid metabolism,besides,it could be associated with nitric oxide elevating by increasing nitric oxide synthase activity and inhibiting endothelin increasing.

Abstract:Aim To observe the effect of Qidan liquid on the basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) of abdominal aorta in experimental artherosclerotic rabbits.Methods Twenty-four white,four months old,male,New Zealand rabbits whose weights were from 2.4 kg to 2.9 kg were divided into four groups at random: normal group,model group,Qidan liquid group and nifedipine group.Rabbits of normal group were fed with common rabbit forage,the rabbits of Qidan liquid group were fed with Qidan liquid(3 kg/L).A rabbit was fed 20 mL everyday.The rabbits of nifedipine group were fed with nifedipine(40 mg everyday to each rabbit).After twelve weeks,after the rabbits were put to death by exsanguinate,thoracic aorta and abdomial aorta were took out and kept in 10% neutralizing formaldehyde stabilization liquid,for the inspection of HE staining and for the detection of bFGF by immunohistochemistry.Results Compared with model group ,the expression of bFGF in Qidan liquid group was decreased remarkably(p<0.01).Compared with nifdepine group,the expression of bFGF was decreased sharply in Qidan liquid group(p<0.05).Compared with model group,the degree of atherosclerotic lesion in aorta was reduced in Qidan liquid group.Conclusion Inhibiting the expression of bFGF in abdominal aorta is probably the mechanism of Qidan liquid in anti-artherosclerosis.

Abstract:Aim To explore the relationship between free fatty acids and atherosclerosis disease in diabetic rats.Methods The models of diabetic rats were made by injecting streptozocin into rat's abdomen.Wistar rats were divided into four groups: three diabetic groups and one control group.At one month,the third month and the fifth month, the rats'arterys were collected as experimental material to observe atherosclerosis and to exame the expression of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factorαby using immunohistochemistry method,at the same time,plasma free fatty acids,cholesterol,triglyeride,hight-density lipoprotein,low-density lipoprotein,plasma glucose were examined.Results Plasma glucose, free fatty acids,triglyeride,and cholesterol level in diabetic group were higher than that in the control group and the concentration of nitric oxide in diabetes were lower than that of normal rats.Conclusions The diabetic rats model which only have hyperglycemia have atherosclerotic disease.Increase of free fatty acids may be a risk factor of atherosclerosis disease in diabetic rats.

Abstract:Aim To study the protective effect of polysaccharidesulfate on cell apoptosis in focal cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion injury rats.Methods Right middle cerebral artery was occlude by inserting a thread through internal carotid artery for 1 h and 30 min,and then reperfused for 24 h. PSS were injected via intraperitoneal of the rats at 30 minutes before or 5 hours after reperfusion.Intra-cellular free calcium([Ca²⁺]i) and rates of apoptosis an1d death were measured by flow cytometry.The behavior of rats was investigated at the same time.Results The damage of rat's behavior in the PSS-treatment groups was small in comparison with untreated group.The numbers of apoptosis cells were dramatically reduced in the PSS-treatment groups in comparison with untreated group.While the increasing [Ca²⁺]i was reduced by PSS.These significant difference between 30 min before onset and 5 h after reperfusion groups was also discovered.Conclusions PSS reduced the neuronal damage and inhibited apoptosis induced by ischemia-reperfusion.The anti-apoptosis effects of it might be attributed to its effects by bating the increasing of [Ca²⁺]i.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the role of complex dribbing-pill of danshen pills(DSP) to the calcific vessels and the change of the calcium deposition on the model of vascular calcification in rats.Methods 28 rats were divided into 3 groups rademly: control group(n=9),VitD group(n=10),VitD+DSP group(n=9). VitD group and VitD+DSP group were given by VitD and rats at control group were given the control medicine at the same volume and time.From the fourth day to the ninth week,theVitD+DSP group was given by 15 pills DSP and to the other groups were given by NaCl.At the end of the ninth week,to analyze the role of DSP to the vascular calcification and the effect of calcium deposition,pathological sections with the rats' thoracic aorta were made and calcium in blood,vessels and bones were detected,and so on.Results The model of vascular calcification and osteoporosis with VitD had been succeeded.There were typical calcific nods in vessels.The levels of calcium in vessels in VitD group were obviously higher than those in control group,but the levels of calcium in bones in VitD group were lower than those in control group.DSP can inhibit vascular calcification and transfer the calcium to bones to promote them formation.Significant difference were observed in 3 groups.Conclusion DSP can inhibit vascular calcification availavly and transfer the calcium to bones to promote them formation.

Abstract:Aim To observe the influence of Lacidipine and Amlodipine on tumour necrosis factor(TNF-a) induced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells(hUVEC).Methods Lacidipine and Amlodipine of different concentrations were incorporated in hUVEC using low density lipoprotein(LDL) as a carrier for 45 minutes respectively.Human recombinant TNF-a was then incubated with hUVEC for 6 hours.The expression of ICAM-1 in protein level and mRNA level was detected by flow cytometric technique and RT-PCR.Results Lacidipine,at any concentration,determined a dose-dependent significant decrease of the expression of ICAM-1.Amlodipine determined variable decreases of ICAM-1 at the intermediate and highest concentrations.Conclusion According to the results of flow cytometric technique and RT-PCR,Lacidipine and Amlodipine exert different effect on the TNF-a induced expression of ICAM-1 in hUVEC,which may be related with their different lipophilicity and antioxidant activity.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the effect of Buyang Huanwu Decoction on blood-brain barrier of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion rats,and explore the mechenism of the decoction.Methods 48 normal male SD rats were distributed randomLy to 3 groups: ①Sham-operation(n=16);②Control(n=16);③Buyang Huanwu Decoction(n=16).Cerebral ischemia and reperfusion rat models were made using the method of thread inserting right middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO),The brain water content were measured 48 h after reperfusion.At the same time,The permeability of blood-brain barrier was observed with electron microscope and by detecting the content of Evans Blue leaked out the brain tissue of ischemic side.The expression of MMP-9 in different groups was detected by Western Blotting,The transcription of MMP-9 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR.Results 48 h After crebral ischemia and reperfusion injuries,the content of brain water and Evans Blue leaked out the brain tissue of ischemic side increased obviously,The breakdown of blood-brain barrier was severe on electron microscope,the transcription and expression of MMP-9 also increased obviously.However,Buyang Huanwu Decoction can subtract the content of brain edema(p<0.05) and Evans blue(p<0.01),relieve the breakdowm of blood-brain barrier on electron microscope.The transcription and expression of MMP9 were decreased in BYHWD group contrasted with control group(p<0.05).Conclusion BYHWD has the protective effect on BBB in the model rats of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injuries.The mechanism may be by restrainning the expression and transcription of MMP-9.

Abstract:Aim The ischemic cerebrovascular disease(ICVD) has been commonly thought one of the three main causes of death in human.The dangerous factors include hypertension,diabetes,atherosclerosis,smoking,drinking and so on.Smoking has been confirmed independent factor in stroke.Matrix metalloproteinase is one of main enzemy dissolved extral cell membrane.Studies have indicated that matrix metalloproteinase-9 had played an important role in the arteriosclerosis. They all join the appearance of the cerebral infarction.Methods Materials 60 healthy Wistar rats supplied by Department of experiment animal of China Medical University were used.Monocolone antibody of MMP-9 and SABC test box were from BOSTER Biotechnology CO.LTD.Cigarettes were purchased from markets.Method The Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups: normal group(n=6),shorttime and big-dose smoking group(n=12),long-time and big-dose smoking group(n=12),long-time and small-dose smoking group(n=12),giving-up smoking group(n=12),control group(n=6).We obtained brain following experiment ending and observed expression of smoked rat by immunohistochemistry stain.Results Τhe positive substance of MMP-9 showed brown.The expression of MMP-9 in normal group and control group is weak.The significant different expression is observed in other groups(p<0.05).Giving up smoking can reduce the expression of MMP-9.Conclusions Smoking can make MMP-9 express more in endothelial cell.The expression of MMP-9 is dose-dependent and time-dependent.Giving up smoking can reduce expression of MMP-9.The expression of MMP-9 in cerebrovascular endothelial cell may be one of main ways in cerebral infarction caused by smoking.

Abstract:Aim To determine apolipoprotein AI(Apo AI),apolipoprotein E(Apo E),apolipoprotein B₁₀₀(Apo B₁₀₀),lipoprotein(a),LDLC,HDLC,total cholesterol(TC)and triglyceride(TG)in cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) and serum of the pateints with cerebral infarction.Methods In 110 patients with acute cerebral infarction and 60 control subjects,TC and TG was by enzyme assay,lipoprotein(a) and ApoE was measured by ELISA, LDLC and HDLC was by,Apo AI and Apo B₁₀₀ by immunodiffusion assay.Results Compared with the contrals,the level of lipoprotein(a),Apo A_Ⅰ and Apo E in CSF and those of lipoprotein(a),Apo E,Apo B₁₀₀,LDLC and TC,TG in serum of cerebral infarction patients were significantly higher(p<0.01 and <0.05),but the changes of TC and TG in CSF were not significant(p>0.05).Apo A_Ⅰand HDLC levels in serum of cerebral infarction patients were significantly lower(p<0.05).LDL-C,HDLC and Apo B₁₀₀ wasn't found in the CSF in two groups.Every lipids and apolipoproteins levels in the CSF of cerebral infarction patients and contrals were not related to be serum of every lipids and apoliproteins(p>0.05).Conclusions The lipoprotein(a),ApoAI and ApoE levels in CSF in the pateints with cerebral infarction were significantly higher.The lipoprotein(a),Apo E,LDL-C and Apo B₁₀₀ and TG,TC levels in serum in the pateints were significantly higher than those of cortrols,but Apo A_Ⅰand HDL-C levels were significantly lower than those cortrols.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the association between polymorphism of matrix metalloproteinase 1(MMP-1) and coronary heart disease.Methods This study enrolled 35 patients with acute coronary syndrome,27 patients with stable angina(SA),31 normal volunteers.The carotid arteries were performed with echocardiography.With PCR,genotypes of MMP-1 were scored according to the patterns of DNA bands.Results The frequency of MMP-1 2G/2G type and allele T was significantly higher in ACS group than SA group and control group.The frequency of MMP-1 2G/2G type and allele T was significantly higher in fatty plaque than fibrous plaque and calcify plaque.Conclusion There was association between the acute coronary syndrome and the 2G/2G type of MMP-1.

Abstract:Aim To analyze the clinical effect of reperfusion therapies on ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction(AMI) during hospitalization and follow-up.Methods Two hundred and eighty-one patients with ST-segment elevation AMI were treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI),fibrinolytic, rescue PCI or coronary artery bypass graft(CABG).The clinical and angiographic characteristics were analyzed.Major adverse cardiac events(MACE) were assessed during hospitalization and follow-up period.Results 182,51,34 and 14 patients received primary PCI,fibrinolytic,rescue PCI and CABG respectively.There were no siginificant differences in time from onset of symptom to hospital admission,infarct related artery(IRA),culprit lesion type and stenosis degree among four groups.However,there were siginificant differences in age,diabetic history,time from hospital admission to reperfusion therapy,multivessel diseases and patency rate of IRA among four groups.The incidences of recurrent angina and target vessel revascularization were not different among four groups during in-hospital period,but cardiac mortality was significantly different among four groups during in-hospital period.During follow-up period,there were no significant difference in recurrent angina,myocardial infarction and cardiac death among four groups,but 15 patients suffered from stent restenosis and received revascularization in primary PCI group(p<0.001).Conclusions Reperfusion therapy is a safe and effective therapeutic maneuver for patient with AMI,moreover,primary PCI or emergency CABG may be more preferable in cardiac shock patients.The introduction of drug eluting stents is able to dramatically reduce the rate of in-stent restenosis.

Abstract:Aim To study distributions and contents of high density lipoprotein(HDL) subspecies in type Ⅳ hyperlipidemic patients.Methods Apolipoprotein(apo)A_Ⅰcontents of serum HDL subspecies in 132 type Ⅳ hyperlipidemic(Ⅳ-HLP) patients and 163 normal controls were determined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis associated with immunodection method.Results Compared with normal controls,the contents of small-sized preβ₁.-HDL,HDL_(3a) were significantly higher(p<0.01),but those of large-sized HDL_2a,HDL_2b were significantly lower (p<0.01).In addition,males had significantly higher small-sized pre β₁.-HDL,HDL_3b(p<0.05), but lower large-sized HDL_2b(p<0.01) than females in both normal controls and Ⅳ-HLP patients.Correlation between HDL subspecies and lipids in Ⅳ-HLP patients showed that triglyceride(TG) and(TG/HDLC) ratio were positively correlated with pre β₁.-HDL,HDL_(3a)(p<0.01 or p<0.05),but negatively correlated with HDL_2b,HDL_2a(p<0.01 or p<0.05).Conclusions The particle size of HDL shifted towards smaller sizes,which,in turn,indicates that reverse cholesterol transport might be weakened and HDL maturation might be abnormal.Moreover,males probably have higher pre β₁.-HDL,HDL_3b,but lower HDL_2b than females in general population.

Abstract:Aim To study the changes and clinical significances of middle molecular substances(MMS) levels in the plasma of patients with pregnancy induced hypertension(PIH).Methods Plasma MMS concentrations in 82 cases of PIH,98 cases of normal pregnant women and 66 cases of healthy nonpregnant women were measured by an improved ultra-violet ray absorption method.Results Plasma MMS concentrations in healthy nonpregnant women was 2.23±0.20 ku/L,in normal pregnant women were 2.25±0.23 ku/L(prepartum) and 2.24±0.24 ku/L(48 h postpartum),in all PIH were 3.06±0.29 ku/L(prepartum) and 2.86±0.26 ku/L(48 h postpartum),respectively.Plasma MMS contents in mild,moderate,and severe PIH were 2.72±0.21 ku/L(prepartum) and 2.55±0.19 ku/L(48 h postpartum),2.97±0.25 ku/L(prepartum) and 2.76±0.23 ku/L(48 h postpartum),3.20±0.34 ku/L(prepartum)and 3.12±0.30 ku/L(48 h postpartum),respectively.The results showed that plasma MMS concentrations were significantly higher in PIH group than those in normal pregnant women group and healthy nonpregnant women group respectively(p<0.01).There was significant difference among plasma MMS levels from patients with mild,moderate,and severe PIH(p<0.01 or p<0.05).The higher plasma MMS levels,the worser state of PIH.The plasma MMS levels decreased significantly in 48 h post partum in PIH group(p<0.05).There was no obvious difference between plasma MMS levels from normal pregnant women and healthy nonpregnant women(p>0.05).Conclusions The changes of plasma MMS levels are believed to be association with pathogenesis of PIH and can be used as a biochemical marker for judging the progression of PIH.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the association of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ2(PPARγ2) gene polymorphism with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) and early period atherosclerosis(As) in Han people of Dalian(Chinese.Methods The genotypes of Pro12Ala variant in PPARγ2 gene exon B were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP) assay in 202 T2DM patients(77 cases with As and 125 cases without As) and 102 control subjects.Results The genotype frequencies in As group, non-As group and control group are 0.961,0.896 and 0.892 for Pro/Pro.The genotype frequencies are 0.039,0.104 and 0.108 for Pro/Ala.All of them are 0 for Ala/Ala.The frequencies of Pro/Pro are not different between subjects in control group and diabetes(P=0.407).There is no difference between diabetic patients without As and those with As(P=0.096).In control group,subjects with Ala carrier have higher BMI than those with non-Ala carrier(P=0.003).Stepwise regression analysis shows PPARγ2-Pro12Ala is not an independent danger factor for BMI. In diabetic group,there is no association between PPARγ2 polymorphism and clinical characteristics.Conclusions PPARγ2 gene Pro12Ala polymorphism is not associated with the incidence of T2DM and early period As in Han people of Dalian Chinese.But subjects with Ala carrier have higher BMI than those with non-Ala carrier in control group.

Abstract:Aim To elucidate whether Statin can reduce in-stent restenosis(ISR) and what kind of role plasma lipid parameters plays during ISR process.Methods 948 patients who had undergone successful stent implantation were studied,and they all received angiograph 3-6 months after stenting procedures.Blood samples after overnight fasting were collected one day before angiography for determination of serum lipids including cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDLC),high density lipoprotein(HDL),apolipoprotein A(apoA) and apolipoprotein B(apoB).The non-HDLCequals the plasma total cholesterol concentration minus the HDLC concentration.Results Restenosis was significantly lower in the statin group(20.13%) compared with the control group(26.28%)(P=0.037).There was no significant differences of TC,TC,LDLC,HDLCand apoA concentrations(all p>0.05)between the two groups except the concentration of non-HDLC(P=0.049)and apoB(P=0.035).There was a significant association between the changes of plasma concentrations of non-HDLCand extent of ISR(r=0.207,P=0.02).Multiple logistic regression analysis reveals that non-HDLCwere only independent predictors of ISR among all follow up lipid parameters.Conclusions This study demonstrates that non-HDLCprobably plays an important role during ISR-reducing process by statins

Abstract:Aim To assess the predictive value of carotid atherosclerosis(CAs) on short-term outcomes in patients with premature coronary heart disease(PCHD). Methods The present study enrolled 132 patients with PCHD for percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).The carotid artery IMT and plaques of the common carotid artery were measured by B-mode ultrasonography and their predictive value on mean 2-year outcomes of cardiac death,nonfatal myocardial infarction(MI) and recurrent angina for rehospitalization was evaluated.Results 73 patients(55%) had carotid IMT≥0.8 mm and/or plaques.72 cases with CAs and 56 without CAs were followed up for 20±8 months.There were 0,2,and 12 cases occurred cardiac death,nonfatal MI and recurrent angina for readmission respectively in PCHD patients with CAs,and it was 0,1,and 3 in patients without CAs(19.4% vs 7.1%,p<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression revealed that CAs was an independent predictor for major adverse cardiac events in PCHD after PCI(Or=5.22,95%CI: 1.34～10.25,P=0.005).Conclusions Patients of PCHD with concomitant CAs who underwent PCI had a greater incidences of mean 2-year major adverse cardiac events than those without CAs.

Abstract:Aim To examine the association between serum leptin and microalbuminuria(MA),body mass index(BMI),fasting serum insulin(FINS),homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)and evaluate function of the correlation in mechanism of hypertension with impaired glucose tolerance(IGT).Methods This study included 198 hypertensives and 47 healthy subjects.Hypertensives were divided into 3 groups according to their glucose tolerance:NGT,IGT and DM groups.Serum leptin,urinary albumin excretion rate(UAER),FINS,serum beta2-microglobulin(β₂-MG)and urinary β₂-MG concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay.Results Baseline clinical characteristics of patients and the controls showed that serum leptin concentrations in females were significantly higher as compared with males(p<0.001).In IGT group,serum leptin levels and UAER were higher than in control group(13.6±8.0 μg/L vs 3.87±1.48 μg/L and 18.8±12.5 μg/min vs 5.47±2.19 μg/min,p<0.05)and NGT group (13.6±8.0 μg/L vs 6.08±2.03 μg/L and 18.8±12.5 μg/min vs 10.0±5.2 μg/min,p<0.05),but lower than in DM group(13.6±8.0 μg/L vs 16.6±8.7 μg/L and 18.8±12.5 μg/min vs 30.5±12.3 μg/min,p<0.05).Serum leptin concentrations of obese patients were higher than non-obese ones(15.1±9.0 μg/L vs 11.6±6.0 μg/L,p<0.05).Serum leptin levels of patients with microalbuminuria were significantly higher than subjects with normoalbuminuria(16.0±9.9μg/L vs 11.7±5.6 μg/L,p<0.05).After adjustment for sex and the degree of body fat mass,leptin was positively correlated with UAER(r=0.543,p<0.001),urinary β₂-MG(r=0.337,p<0.01),serum β₂-MG(r=0.230,p<0.05),pulse pressure(r=0.364,p<0.001),HOMA-IR(r=0.325,p<0.01),FINS (r=0.302,p<0.01)and systolic blood pressure(r=0.290,p<0.01).Multiple backward regression analysis showed sex,UAER,HOMA-IRand pulse pressure were significantlyrelatedtoleptin.Conclusions Sexand BMI arethe most significantdeterminants of serumleptin concentrations.The development of hypertension withIGTis decided by interrelation of many fac-tors,furthermore,renal function might have been damagedinthis stage.

Abstract:Aim To study the association between the polymorphism in the promoter region in human paraoxonase(PON1) gene and coronary heart disease(CHD)in Chinese population.Methods The genotype and allele frequency of paraoxonase1 gene polymorphism were assayed by polymerase chain reaction(PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP).Results The frequencies of PON1-162A/G genotype and allele in control were 0.047,0.203,0.750 and 0.148,0.852,respectively.There was no significant difference in genotype and allel frequency between control and CHD group.The frequencies of PON1-909C/G genotype and allele in control were 0.258,0.523,0.219 and 0.520,0.480,respectively. There was no significant difference in genotype and allel frequency between control and CHD group.Increasing number of hazardous genotype of PON1 was not associated with CHD.Conclusions These results suggested that PON1-162A/G、PON1-909C/G gene polymorphism were not associated with CHD in Chinese population.There was no cooperative effect among these hazardous genotype with CHD.

Abstract:Aim To explore the feature of MRI and clinical manifestations of unusual widening of Virchow-Robin space in the brain.Methods 21 patients' MRI and clinical data were analyzed respectively.Results Headache and epilepsy episodes were common clinical symptom.Moreover most patients were accompanied by hypertension and cerebrovascular disease.Unusual widening of Virchow-Robin spaces on MRI were divided into three types according to anatomic location,typeⅠat ganglia,typeⅡat semioval centrum,type Ⅲ at other location.Unusual dilated Virchow-Robin spaces were classified into four sorts by morphology characteristics, typeⅠmono-vesicle,typeⅡfocal cluster,type Ⅲ dense vesicles mostly located unilaterally,type Ⅳspider net-like.Conclusions Unusual widening of Virchow-Robin Spaces in the brain had some characteristic manifestations on MRI.However, its clinical manifestations were lack of characteristic and the relation of headache and epilepsy with unusual dilated Virchow-Robin space still needs further investigation.

Abstract:Aim To study the effects of pioglitazone on intima-medial thickness(IMT) of carotid artery in type 2 diabetic mellitus(T_2DM) patients.Methods T_2DM patients(n=68) were divided into pioglitazone group(n=34) and placebo group(n=34) by the rule of random and double-blind.The IMT of carotid artery was detected by B-mode ultrasound 3 months later.After 3 months treatment,postprandial blood glucose(PBG),HbA1c,total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDLC)and high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDLC)were measured.Results IMT of carotid artery in pioglitazone group was significantly lower than that in placebo group(p<0.01).Compared with placebo group,the serum levels of PBG,HbA1C and TG in pioglitazone treatment group were significantly lower(p<0.01) and the level of HDLC was markedly increased(p<0.01).No significant difference of TC and LDLC was found between the two groups. The decreased IMT of carotid artery was significantly associated with chang of LDLC and HDLC.Conclusion Pioglitazone could significantly reduce IMT of carotid artery in T_2DM patients and have positive effects on improving vascular complications of T_2DM patients.

Abstract:Aim To assess collateral compensative capacity in patients with artery occlusion of internal carotid artery system. Methods In 213 patients with artery occlusion of internal carotid artery system,collateral circulation pathway was measured by transcranial doppler(TCD).Results With extracranial internal carotid artery occlusion,TCD showed ophthalmic artery collateral pathway(OA) in 58%,anterior communicating artery collateral pathway(ACoA) in 93%,and posterior communicating artery collateral pathway(PCoA) in 60% of patients.With distal internal carotid artery occlusion,TCD showed OA in 15%,ACoA in 51%,and PCoA in 61% of patients.In all middle cerebral artery stem occlusion,TCD showed leptomeningeal anastomoses collateral pathway,blood flow velocity compensative acceleration of the lesion side anterior cerebral artery in 91%,blood flow velocity compensative acceleration of the lesion side posterior cerebral artery in 9% of patients.Absent collateral flow was found in 15 patients(7%).The study found 108 patients(55%) with 1 collateral pathway,79 patients(40%) with 2 collateral pathway,and 11 patients(5%) with 3 collateral pathway.Conclusions TCD might further help to know the collateral compensative capacity of patients with artery occlusion of internal carotid artery system.It was suggested that TCD might be an important and objective index in evaluating the treatment effect and the prognosis.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the effects of different doses of simvastatin on plasma activity of tissue factor(TF) and level of tissue factor pathway inhibitor(TFPI) in patients with acute coronary syndromes(ACS).Methods A total of 88 patients with acute coronary syndromes were randomized in to three groups: control group without use of statin,group with 20 mg and group with 40 mg simvastatin therapy.The plasma activity of TF and level of TFPI were measured using IMUBIND~R enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) kit.Results Both doses of simvastatin therapy can significantly decrease the activity of TF(from 0.47±0.58 IU/L to 0.20±0.30 IU/L and from 0.59±0.77 IU/L to 0.36±0.55 IU/L,respectively)(p<0.05),only large dose of simvastatin(40 mg group) can increase TFPI level(from 263±203 μg/L to 369±279 μg/L)(p<0.05).Conclusions Simvastatin can change plasma activity of TF and level of TFPI and may have antithrombotic effect.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the effects of metformin on the levels of plasma total homocysteine(tHcy) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM).Methods The levels of tHcy was determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) with fluorescence detection in 30 untreated type 2 DM cases and 30 healthy cases as control.30 DM patients were treated with metformin for three months(0.75～1.00 g/d),after the treatment,tHcy was detected again.Results tHcy was significantly higher in type 2 DM compared to controls(14.1±5.7 μmol/L vs 9.5±3.4 μmol/L,p<0.01),and was correlated with age,BMI,FBG,FINS(p<0.05),negative correlated with ISI(p<0.05).Following three months treatment with metformin,tHcy levels was significantly decreased(11.6±4.7 μmol/L,p<0.05).Conclusion The levels of tHcy increase in type 2 DM.After treating with metformin,the levels of tHcy decrease.

Abstract:Aim To estimate the influence of percutaneous transluminal renal artery angioplasty(PTRA)in renal hypertension and renal failure by the related factor changes between pre-and post-PTRA.Methods The way of diagnosis of renal artery stenosis and its degrees is radionuclide angiography.The changes of the blood pressure,urea,serum creatinine,β₂ micro-globin,size of kidney,urine examination and renin in pre-and post-PTRA in the 65 patient with unilateral or double renal artery stenosis with totally 75 PTRA were analyzed.Results All of the 75 PTRA were successful.The blood pressure dropped after 24 hours since PTRA and keep steady at the following 3 months.Serum creatinine,creatinine clearance rate,renin dropped after PTRA.Sizes of suffering kidney had no change.And the β₂ micro-globins rised a bit after PTRA.Urine examinations had more positives than that of pre-PTRA.Conclusions PTRA can protect renal function,and it has clinic significance in treatment of hypertension.But it might have side effect in the near future after PTRA.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the value of B-type natriuretic peptide(BNP) in the evaluation of heart function and degree of coronary artery disease in the angina pectoris patients.Methods 68 patients of diagnosed by selected coronary angiography(CAG),including 32 stable angina patients and 36 unstable angina patients,whose heart function was Ⅰ～Ⅳ based on NYHA.The relationship between the level of plasma BNP,which was measured by fluoroimmunoassay,and left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),which was detected by color Doppler,and degree of coronary artery lesion,was analysed.Results The level of plasma BNP elevated with the aggravation of the heart disease. It was positively correlated with the degree of coronary artery lesion and degree of heart failure(r=0.82,p<0.05;r=0.68,p<0.05),and negatively with LVEF(r=-0.53,p<0.05).Conclusion The level of plasma BNP is a useful marker for diagnosis of heart failure and coronary artery disease,and has great value for the clinical evaluation of the coronary heart disease.

Abstract:Aim To approach the effect of atorvastatin on C reactive protein(CRP)of patient with acute coronary syndrome(ACS).Methods 46 cases with ACS,which were determined CRP level pre-and post-treatment two weeks,respectively,and compared its difference,were randomly divided into therapeutic drug group and control group,therapeutic group was treated with atorvastatin 40mg daily based on routine treatment(control group).Results 46 cases include 17 cases unstable angina and 29 cases acute myocardial infarction.The CRP level was 1.37±0.52 g/L in angina patient and was 2.23±0.45 g/L in the patient with acute myocardial infarction.And it were higher than that of normal control(0.30±0.22 g/L)(p<0.05),it was significant advanced of CRP in the patient with myocardial infarction than that of the patient with angina(p<0.05).The blood serum CRP level decreased from 1.88±0.45 g/L to 0.52±0.22 g/L(p<0.05) in therapeutic group and has no changes in the control group of the blood serum CRP level decreased from 1.85±0.50 g/L to 1.77±0.60 g/L(p>0.05).Conclusion The CRP is possible to participate the formation of atherosclerosis,and the CRP level was set down obviously of the patients with ACS,it is shown that the atorvastatin can reduce lipid besides anti-inflammatory effect.