Abstract:Aim To research the cross regulation of cGMP-dependent protein kinase(PKG) and calcineurin(CaN) in vascular smooth muscle cells(SMC) proliferation. Methods Primary vascular SMC from rat aorta were used as the experimental model.Expression of CaN and PKG was assayed using immunoblotting.Cell growth was determined by MTT assay. Results The results showed that phenylephrine(PE)-induced expression and activity of CaN protein was reduced by S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine(SNAP) and Sp-8-pCPT-cGMP,but increased by Rp-8-pCPT-cGMP.The OD ratio of PKG Iα mRNA expression in 0.5 mg/L cyclosporin A(CsA) group resembled control group while in 5 mg/L CsA group was significantly higher than control group(p<0.01).Although the result of 5 mg/L CsA+10 μmol/L PE group was lower than 5 mg/L CsA group(the expression of mRNA decreased 32.2%;the production of PKG Iα protein decreased 36.7%,p<0.01),but still higher than control group obviously(p<0.05).In SMC pretreated with CsA,absorbance of cells stimulated by PE decreased by 36.67%,but it could not be further altered by the additional treatment of SNAP,Sp-8-pCPT-cGMP and Rp-8-pCPT-cGMP. Conclusion PKG and CaN can cross-regulate in vascular smooth mucle cells proliferation.

Abstract:Aim To observe effect of irbesartan on late ventricular remodeling and ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction(AMI) in rats. Methods After ligating left anterior descending coronary artery,17 surviving AMI male rats were randomly assigned to AMI control group(n=8) and irbesartan group(n=9).Sham operated group(n=8) was selected randomly as noninfarcted control.After 8 weeks of drug therapy by gastric gavage,hemodynamics and left ventricular function were measured with catheterization;infarcted area,left ventricular dilatation index(ventricular cavity area on mid left ventricular cross-section/ventricular area on mid left ventricular cross-section) and sphericity index were measured and calculated using morphological methods;interstitial type Ⅰ and type Ⅲ collagen volume fraction(CVF) in the infracted and noninfarcted zone(IZ, NIZ) were analyzed using polarized light by picrosirius red staining. Results There was no significant difference in infarcted area between the two AMI groups(40.02% vs 44.70%,p<0.05).Compared with the sham operated group,left ventricular (LV) end diastolic pressure(LVEDP),left and right relative weight(LVRW,RVRW),thickness of interventricular septum,LV dilatation index and the CVF of type Ⅰand type Ⅲ in the IZ and NIZ of LV were all significantly increased in the AMI control group(each result was-8.80±4.00 mmHg vs 18.94±6.90 mmHg,1.86±0.08 mg/g vs 2.30±0.26 mg/g,0.47±0.02 mg/g vs 0.57±0.03 mg/g,1.97±0.11 mm vs 2.63±0.46mm,0.21±0.04 vs 0.30±0.05,0.26%±0.12% vs 17.60% ±5.26%,0.17%±0.11% vs 4.22%±3.29%,(0.26%)±0.12% vs 3.68%±0.95%,0.17%±0.11% vs 0.73%±0.26%,p<0.001),while body weight(BW),blood pressure(BP),left ventricular systolic pressure(LVSP),sphericity index(SI) of LV,the left ventricular pressure maximal rate of rise and fall(±dp/dtmax) and their adjustment by LVSP(±dp/dtmax/LVSP) were significantly decreased(each was 507.9±19.5 g vs 392.4±51.8 g,94.82±6.73 mmHg vs 70.64±8.77 mmHg,120.38±10.18 mmHg vs 85.72±15.12 mmHg,1.79±0.25 vs 1.34±0.10,4 997±398 mmHg/s vs 2 080±566 mmHg/s,-4 386±728 mmHg/s vs -1 773±456 mmHg/s,41.58±2.57 vs 23.8±4.35,-36.53±6.12 vs-20.30±3.08,p<0.001).Compared with the AMI control group,LVEDP,LVRW,RVRW,thickness of interventricular septum,dilatation index of LV and type Ⅰ and Ⅲ CVF in the NIZ of LV were all decreased(each was 0.62±9.34 mmHg vs 18.94±6.90 mmHg,1.93±0.11 vs 2.30±0.26,0.46±0.05 vs 0.57±0.03,1.98±0.22 mm vs 2.63±0.46 mm,0.23±0.04 vs 0.30±0.05,0.79%±0.39% vs 3.68%±0.95%,0.37%±0.17% vs 0.73%±0.26%,p<0.05 or p<0.01),while SI,±dp/dtmax and ±dp/dtmax/LVSP were significantly increased in irbesartan therapy group(each was 1.73±0.21 vs 1.34±0.10,3 490±613 mmHg/s vs 2 080±566 mmHg/s,-2 991±458 mmHg/s vs-1 773±456 mmHg/s,36.30±2.90 vs 23.80±4.35,-31.20±2.30 vs-20.30±3.08,p<0.01). Conclusions Irbesartan can effectively decrease collagen deposition in the NIZ, restrain LV dilatation and spherical change,and then improve left ventricular remodeling and LV function in rats.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the relationship of adrenomedullin and its mRNA with the focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury and hypertension in rats. Methods The experimental hypertension rats were prepared by the advanced Kellen's methods.The models of middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats were constructed by the line-block-method,and after ischemia for 2 h they were reperfused.By using the immunohistochemical method,the percentage of adrenomedullin positive cells both in hypertension group and nonhypertension group after focal cerebral ischemia /reperfusion was determined and compared,and the expression of adrenomedullin mRNA in the brain tissue after focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rats was monitored by the RT-PCR analysis. Results Adrenomedullin mRNA expressed in the normal rats' brains,and it increased slightly in the sham operated group,but it had no significant difference from the normal group(p<0.05).The over-expression of ADM mRNA existed after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rats,which had significant difference with the normal group and the sham operated group(p<0.05 both).After focal cerebral ischemia /reperfusion in rats,adrenomedullin mRNA in not only the ipsilateral but also the contralateral side of the ischemic area expressed high,especially in the ischemic area(p<0.05). The adrenomedullin positive cells expressed in the brain tissue of the rats in the normal group and the sham operated group,and their percentages were 2.87%±0.78% versus 2.47%±0.59%,both of which had no significant difference(p<0.05). The adrenomedullin positive cells expressed high in the non-hypertension group after ischemia /reperfusion,especially in the ischemic side,whose percentage of the positive cells was 59.42%±3.71%,and the contralateral side was also significant,whose percentage of the positive cells was 36.87%±5.28%,and the differences between them was significant(p<0.05),which was also significantly different from the sham operated group and the normal group(p<0.05). By comparing the percentage of the adrenomedullin positive cells in the hypertension group with that in the non-hypertension group,the percentages of the adrenomedullin positive cells in the hypertension group(78.60%±4.82% in the ipsilateral side of the ischemic area and 57.52%±5.22% in the contralateral side) were much higher than the non-hypertension group(p<0.05). Conclusions Adrenomedullin and its mRNA express high after the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion,and the over-expression is much more significant.Adrenomedullin has relation to the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury,and also to the vascular endotheliocyte injury after hypertension.

Abstract:Aim To examine the role of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptorα(JPPARα) in myocardial fibrosis induced by angiotensinⅡ(AngⅡ)in vitro. Methods Cardial fibroblasts(CFs) of neonatal Wistar rats were isolated and cultured,then was stimulated with AngⅡ.CFs proliferation was measured by thiazolyl blue(MTT)assay.mRNA expression of collagenⅠ,collagenⅢ,matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP-2) was measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,reactive oxygen species levels in CFs were detected with DCFH-DA. Results Compared with control group,after treatment with AngⅡfor 12 hours,MTT value of cardial fibroblasts was increased,mRNA expression of collagenⅠ,collagenⅢ in CFs was increased,and MMP-2 was decreased significantly;the increasing of reactive oxygen species(ROS) levels in CFs was also showed with fluorescence stain;Bezafibrate,a kind of JPPARα activators,inhibited the above changes with no effect on CFs proliferation;MK886,a kind of JPPARα antagon,abrogated the action of Bezafibrate. Conclution The results suggest that JPPARα-dependent pathway is critically involved in the inhibition of myocardial fibrosis in vitro,which may be through inhibiting the generation of ROS.

Abstract:Aim To explore the effect of total spaonins of panax notoginseng(tPNS) on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cell(VSMC) induced by platelet derived growth factor(PDGF) and the possible underlying mechanisms. Methods Cell proliferating model of rabbit aorta VSMC induced by PDGF-BB was established.The proliferative activity of VSMC with tPNS was analyzed by MTT method; the effect of tPNS on cell cycle of VSMC was observed by flow cytomytry technique;the effect of tPNS on c-myc gene expression in VSMC was observed by immunocytochemical method. Results MTT metabolism of VSMC in the basic and PDGF-BB stimulated situation was inhibited by tPNS,and the cells numbers of G_0/G_1 phase were increased and that of G_2/S phase were decreased markedly.At the same time,highly expression of c-myc gene protein stimulated by PDGF could be inhibited by tPNS significantly. Conclusions tPNS can inhibit the proliferation of VSMC induced by PDGF significantly,at least in part by preventing VSMC from G_0/G_1 phase entering S phase and downgulating the expression of oncogene c-myc protein.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the effect of grape seed procyanidins on cytokines,nitric oxide synthase and blood-brain barrier and the pathological changes after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in mice. Methods The incomplete cerebral ischemia-reperfusion mice models were induced by occlusion of both common carotid arteries for 30 min and reperfusion for 72 h.Distilled water,grape seed procyanidins(10,20 and 40 mg/kg) or Nimdipine(2 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally during the bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion and again at 24 h after reperfusion.An injection of 2% Evans blue into tail veins was conducted 1 h before the animals were sacrificed.The levels of interleukin-1β,nitric oxide synthase activities and content of Evans blue in the brain tissue were examined by ABC-ELISA method and spectrophotometry respectively.Meanwhile,the pathological changes of CA1 area of hippocampus were observed by light microscope. Results The levels of interleukin-1β,nitric oxide synthase activities and content of Evans blue in the brain tissue were significantly increased(p<0.01),but the levels of interleukin-10 were decreased compared with those in the sham surgery group.The levels of interleukin-1β,nitric oxide synthase activities and content of Evans blue in the brain tissue in the grape seed procyanidins or Nimdipine treated group had different decrease while the levels of interleukin-10 had different increase compared with those in the ischemia-reperfusion group.Pathological examination showed that grape seed procyanidins could significantly protect brain from ischemia-reperfusion injury,reduce the necrosis of neuron. Conclusion Grape seed procyanidins exerted an protective effect on the cerebral ischemic reperfused brain as evidenced by increasing the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine such as interleukin-10 but reducing the levels of proinflammatory cytokine such as interleukin-1β,nitric oxide synthase activities as well as permeability of blood-brain barrier.

Abstract:Aim To treat myocardial infarction(MI) with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell(MSC) transplantation combined with vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) gene therapy in rabbits and to study its mechanisms. Methods Forty-eight rabbits were randomly divided into MI group(n=12),MSC group(n=12),VEGF group(n=12),MSC+VEGF group(M+V group,n=12).Rabbit myocardial infarction models were founded by the ligation of left anterior descending artery.10~7 MSC were injected into the infarct-zone in four sites 2 weeks later in MSC and M+V group.phVEGF gene were injected in infarct-zone in VEGF group and MSC transfected with phVEGF gene were injected in M+V group.Heart function including LVEDP,LVSP,LVDP,-dp/dtmax,+dp/dtmax,were measured in vivo.The hearts were harvested at 4 weeks after transplantation and sectioned for HE stain,immunohistochemical stain of BrdU and Ⅷ factor antigen. Results The left ventricular hemodynamics parameters showed that heart function were improved more in M+V group than MSC group,MI group and VEGF group. The numbers of BrdU posivtive cell in M+V group(61.24±8.51)were more than in MSC group(44.21±7.68,p<0.01).The numbers of vessels in infarcted zone were more in M+V group(48.75±7.96) than in MSC group(33.08±6.12,p<0.01),VEGF group(29.98±8.04,p<0.01)and MI group(18.32±3.88,p<0.01). Conclusions VEGF gene transfected MSC transplantation could improve heart function after myocardial infarction,and they were more effective than sole MSC transplantation.Keeping more MSC survival and ameliorating the blood supply of infarct-zone might be involved in the mechanisms.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the effects of high glucose on the metabolic mechanism of lipid in cultured rat cardiomyocytes. Methods The model of insulin-resistant cardiomyocytes were established,incubated with the intervening factors of insulin and high glucose of different concentration.The changes of lipid metabolism of cardiomyocytes were observed surrounding the center of lipoprotein lipase(LPL)as the important enzyme of lipid metabolism.The pathologic damnification of cell-structure were observed through transmission electricmicroscope. Results The expression of LPL mRNA of the insulin-resistant cardiomyocytes which treated with 80 mmol/L glucose was obviously increased(p<0.05).After incubated with 10~(-8) mol/L insulin,the expression of LPL mRNA of those cardiomyocytes was decreased;the activity of LPL of the insulin-resistant cardiomyocytes was obviously enhanced(p<0.05)under the same concentration of glucose.After incubated with 10~(-8) mol/L insulin,the activity of LPL was weakened;the activity of LPL of the cardiomyocytes in the same incubated condition was not significantly different(p<0.05) treated with 20 and 80 mmol/L glucose;the concentration of lipid of the insulin-resistant cardiomyocytes was obviously enhanced(p<0.05)under the same concentration of glucose.After incubated with 10~(-8) mol/L insulin,the concentration of lipid was weakened;the concentration of lipid of the cardiomyocytes in the same incubated condition was not significantly different(p<0.05) treated with 20 and 80 mmol/L glucose.Swelled mitochondria,formed myelir figure,increased lipid drops were observed through transmission electricmicroscope in normal cardiomyocytes and the insulin-resistant cardiomyocytes.After adding 10~(-8) mol/L insulin,there were no swelled Mitochondria or myelir figure,with little lipid drops in the cardiomyocytes. Conclusions High glucose could increase the expression of LPL mRNA and the lipid in cultured rat cardiomyocytes.Insulin could reverse these changes,which may have implication for diabetes mellitus and its complications.

Abstract:Aim To study the relationship between the angiotensiongen gene M235T polymorphism and coronary vessel disease in Chinese people from Shanxi and its vicinity. Methods Polymerase chain reaction combined with restriction enzyme digestion was used to study 152 patients who were accepted coronary angiography.Genetype and allele frequency of the patients was compared according to the number of coronary vessel disease and mean coronary heart disease(CHD) scores. Results The TT genetype and T allele frequency are different in the patients for the viration of the number of coronary vessel disease and mean CHD scores(χ~2=29.537,28.560,31.970,31.771 respectively,p<0.01). Positive correlation is existed in T allele frequency and the number of disease or scores(r=0.396,0.355 respectively,p<0.01). Conclusions There is an association between gene variants of the angiotensinogen and the number of coronary vessel disease and mean CHD scores.The number of coronary vessel disease and mean CHD scores will be higher gradually with the increase of T allele frequency.

Abstract:Aim To preliminarily explore the diagnostic value and usefulness for risk stratification of myeloperoxidase(MPO) plasma levels in patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS). Methods Eighty patients who underwent coronary angiography were enrolled in this study.They were divided into three groups: ACS group(n=27), SAP group(n=27) and the control group(n=26).Blood samples were taken from the artery before angiography in all patients.Each subject was sought in details of history of hypertension,hyperlipidemia,diabetes and smoking habits.The efficacy of therapy,the cardiovascular events(myocardial infarction,the need for revascularization,or death) were recorded after 6 months of follow-up. The concentrations of MPO were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISA). Results Median plasma MPO level in ACS group(30.26±30.65 μg/L) was significantly higher than that in SAP group(15.00±11.36 μg/L) and the control group(14.34±9.25 μg/L)(p<0.001),and median plasma MPO level in patients of SAP group and the control group were not significantly different(P=0.73).Median plasma MPO level in patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI)and unstable angina(UA) were not significantly different(p<0.05).There is no obvious correlation between the levels of plasma MPO and the serum levels of cTnI,hs-CRP,the prevalence of the 4 major risk factors for CHD.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that plasma MPO level,fasting plasma glucose and sex were the significant variaties and independent between the patients with ACS,SAP and the control subjects,the plasma MPO level is the most important variables(OR=16.92).The risk for subsequent cardiovascular events is higher in the paitents with elevated level of MPO(>49.89 μg/L,90~(th) percentile of MPO distribution). Conclusions Plasma MPO maybe a new risk biomarker for ACS.MPO plasma levels powerfully predict an increased risk for subsequent cardiovascular events.

Abstract:Aim To study the rosiglitazone on the expression of ATP binding cassette transporter A1(ABCA1) mRNA and protein in monocytes of coronary heart disease. Methods Monocytes were isolated by density gradient method from blood of coronary heart disease,and then incubated with 0,0.1,1.0 and 10.0 μmol/L rosiglitazone for 24 h,total RNA of monocytes were abstracted,reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) were performed to inspect the expression of ABCA1,peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ(JPPARγ) and liver X receptor α(LXRα) mRNA,Western blot were performed to inspect the expression of ABCA1 protein level. Results Rosiglitazone could increase the expression of ABCA1 mRNA and protein in monocytes(p<0.05).Rosiglitazone increased the expression of JPPARγ and LXRα mRNA in monocytes too(p<0.05). Conclusions Rosiglitazone could likely via JPPARγ-LXRα-ABCA1 pathway increase the expression of ABCA1 mRNA and protein in monocytes.It implied that rosiglitazone might play an important role in the prevention of atherosclerosis by increasing the gene expression of ABCA1.

Abstract:Aim To evaluate the clinical value of electron beam computer tomography(EBCT) in the diagnosis and follow-up of atherosclerotic aortic aneurysms. Methods A retrospective study was performed during a period of time from January 2002 to December 2004.Sixty-eight patients with atherosclerotic aortic aneurysms were underwent EBCT more than 2 scans.Sixty-eight patients(57 men and 11 women,range from 40～79 years,mean 62.5±9.4 yeras) were diagnosed with atherosclerotic aortic aneurysms.In this group,mean follow-up time was 107 days.EBCT scanner was used with a model of Imatron C-150XP.Contrasted enhanced continuous volume scanning(CVS) was performed.The slice thickness was 6 mm or 3 mm with an acquisition time of 100 milliseconds.The total amount of contrast media(Ultravist 300 or 320,or Ominpaque 300 or 320 g/L) of 80～100 mL was used with the rate of 3.5～4.5 mL/s.The scan delayed time was 18～30 s. Results Sixty-eight patients with atherosclerotic aortic aneurysms were diagnosed.Most of aortic aneurysms location and characters were corresponding to their clinical syndrome.In this group,51 patients were associated with true aneurysms,17 patients were associated with false aneurysms.Most of true aneurysms localized abdominal aorta(p<0.01).False aneurysms mainly localized aortic arch and proximal thoracic aorta(p<0.01).Shuttle aneurysms mainly localized abdominal aorta(p<0.01).Shuttle-cystiform aneurysms of true aneurysm mainly localized descending of thoracic aorta and descending of thoracic aorta and abdominal aorta.Cystiform aneurysms mainly localized aortic arch and proximal thoracic aorta.In this group,47 patients accepted open aortic surgery,11 patients accepted endovascular aortic aneurysm repair,10 patients accepted medical treatments. Conclusions Electron beam CT was a very useful tool for defecting atherosclerotic aortic aneurysms and follow-up.

Abstract:Aim To study the relationship between ankle-brachial index(ABI) and ischemic stroke in Chinese patients. Methods ABI was measured in patients from hospitals of Shanghai and Beijing. Results Patients with ischemic stroke were significantly older than that of with non-stroke(70.29±10.01 years vs 65.89±11.87 years,p<0.001).The low ABI was significantly more common in ischemic stroke group than non-stroke group(34.6% vs 20.9%,p<0.001).After adjusting other risk factors of ischemic stroke,the patients with ABI≤0.9 were more than 1.55 times likely to get ischemic stroke than those with ABI>0.9(95% CI: 1.314～1.817).The incidence of ischemic stroke increased significantly as ABI level decreased. Conclusions Low ABI is associated with increased incidence of ischemic stroke.Simple measurement of ABI in patient could be a useful tool for evaluating the risk of ischemic stroke.

Abstract:Aim To evaluate the association between the molecular variants of rennin angiotensin system and the risk of acute myocardial infarction(AMI) in Chinese Han population. Methods Insert/deletion(I/D) of angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) and angiotensinogen(AGT) T174M polymorphisms were determined by the means of polymerase chain reaction(PCR) in 112 AMI patients and 128 patients without AMI. Results The frequencies of DD genotype and D allele in patients with AMI were higher than those without AMI(p<0.01).The frequencies of MM genotype and M allele in patients with AMI were higher than those without AMI(p<0.05).In combined genotype analysis,the genotype of ACE DD+AGT 174MM was significantly higher in patients with AMI than those without AMI(p<0.01).The odds ratio estimated by the combined analysis of the ACE DD and AGT 174MM genotypes(OR=8.467) was markedly increased compared with that estimated separately from the ACE DD(OR=2.558) or AGT 174MM(OR=6.176) genotype. Conclusion The study suggests that AGT 174M allele and ACE D allele should be a risk factor for AMI in Chinese Han population and combined analysis of the ACE DD and AGT 174MM genotype may enhance the predictability of AMI.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the effects of high dose atorvastatin on the antioxidation activity in patients with acute coronary syndrone(ACS). Methods 168 patients with ACS were divided randomly into two groups patients.Patients in a group were treated with high dose atorvastatin(40 mg/d),and in another group with low dose atorvastatin(10 mg/d).Superoxide dismutase(SOD),GSHPx,malondialdehyde(MDA) measurment were taken before the treatment,on the 1 week and 2 week.50 healthy volunteers were assigned to the normal control group. Results SOD,GSHPx activity were lower significantly in patients with ACS compared with those of the nomal control subjects(83.24±21.45 ku/L and 80.53±19.67 ku/L vs 104.53±21.87 ku/L,1 327.7±426.5 ku/L and 1 341.2±396.8 ku/L vs 1 681.2±385.8 ku/L,p<0.01),and MDA was higher significantly in patients with ACS compared with those of the nomal control subjects(6.23±2.13 mmol/L and 6.02±1.89 mmol/L vs 3.52±2.09 mmol/L,p<0.01).After 1 week atorvastatin treatment,the SOD,GSHPx,MDA activity of the patients with high dose atorvastatin were improved significantly(91.56±23.64 ku/L vs 80.53±19.67 ku/L,1 483.3±402.3 ku/L vs 1 327.7±426.5 ku/L,p<0.05,4.57±2.37 mmol/L vs 6.23±2.13 mmol/L,p<0.01),which were much better in group high dose atorvastatin than those in group low dose atorvastatin(p<0.05). Conclusions The short-term treatment with high-dose atorvastatin could enhance the ability against superoxide injury in patients with ACS.

Abstract:Aim To explore the relationship between postprandial hyperlipidemla and carotid and cornary atheroslerosis in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods According to blood triglyceride level(fasting TG and TG4h),ninety type 2 diabetic patients were enrolled and divided into three groups,including group I(TG4h ≤2.0 mmol/L),group Ⅱ(TG4h>2.0 mmol/L) and group Ⅲ(high fasting blood triglyceride level).All patients' fasting blood glucose,postprandial two hours blood glucose(PBG2h),fasting blood insulin,glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c),total cholesterol(TC),total triglyceride(TG),high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDLC),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDLC),body mass index(BMI)and waist hip ratio(WHR)were measured.Meanwhile,they were detected by carotid color Doppler sonarography and coronary angiography.All results were analyzed in statistic method. Results Carotid artery intima-media thickness,carotid artery plaque,carotid artery plaque score,macrovascular complications in group Ⅱ(1.11±0.20 mm,80.6%,3.50±0.44 mm,54.8%) and group Ⅲ(1.12±0.73 mm,83.3%,3.52±0.52 mm, 62.5%)were significantly higher than those in groupⅠ(0.73±0.22 mm,40%,2.60±0.25 mm,20%) p<0.01,while carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT)in group Ⅱand group Ⅲ were similar(p<0.05).The Vmax,Vmin,Vmin,PI and RI had no difference for the three groups(p<0.05).The double and triple vessel lesion in group Ⅱ(29%,16.1%) and group Ⅲ(29.2%,16.7%) were significantly higher than those in group Ⅰ(11.4%,2.9%) p<0.01;the single vessel lesion in group Ⅱand group Ⅲ were similar(p<0.05).The single vessel lesion、 the double vessel and triple vessel lesion in group Ⅱand group Ⅲ were similar(p<0.05).Through multiple correlation analyzing, we found carotid artery's IMT was significantly and positively correlated with TG4h,BMI and WHR,which stated that TG4h,BMI,WHR were dangerous factors of arteriosclerosis(p<0.01),r=0.642,0.55472,0.5482. Conclusions Either postprandial hyperlipidemia or fasting hyperlipidemia atherosclerosis correlates with arteriosclerosis in type 2 diabetic patients.

Abstract:Aim To analyze the features of the clinical and the coronary angiography in young patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI)and prevent young people from the earlier occurrence of AMI. Methods 36 young patients(<45 years old) were compared with 40 older patients(>65 years old)from the sex,risk factors,clinical characters,coronary lesion levels,complications and prognosis. Results Most young patients with AMI were men(94.4%). Among them,there were 19(52.8%) patients had hyperlipidemia,26(72.2%)patients had inducement, 33(91.7%)patients had intense chest pains,10(27.7%) patients were interior myocardial infarction and right ventricular infarction,and 31(86.1%) patients had single vessel disease,each of which was higher than the old group.Coronary angiogram revealed that most vessels disease was right coronary atrial,and mainly were single vessel disease,while rarely main coronary artery.These results showed significant difference in the two groups(p<0.01).The complications of young group such as heart failure and pulmonary infection were obviously less than that of the old group(p<0.01). Conclusion The young patients with AMI are mostly man.Most of them,with typical symptom,less complication and good prognosis,had induced factors and risk factors,and most of their vessel diease is single vessel.So an early invasive strategy with percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) is better for prognosis,and standard secondary prevention can prevent the earlier occurrence of coronary heart disease in young patients.

Abstract:Aim To screen the mutations of lipoprotein lipase gene in Chinese peoples and to study the possible effects of the mutations on the lipoprotein metabolism. Methods The lipoprotein lipase fragments were examined with polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism analysis, and the polymerase chain reaction products showing abnormal pattern on single strand conformation polymorphism were sequenced using dideoxy chain termination method. Results Four kinds of mutations were found in 386 Chinese people,including one samesense mutation(Leu~(103)→Leu in exon 3) in one sample,a C→T transition at 6 bp upstream from acceptor splicing site of intron 3 detected in three samples,a C875→T transition resulting in a P207L mutation in exon 5 in one hypertriglyceidemic patient,and a C1595→G transversion resulting in a Ser~(447)→stop mutation.One homozygous and fifty heterozygous mutations were found. Conclusions Except for Ser~(447)→stop,the character of mutations of the lipoprotein lipase gene occurred in Chinese population is different from the Europe and American population.

Abstract:Aim To assess the relationship between body mass index(BMI) and ankle brachial index(ABI)including peripheral arterial disease(PAD). Methods A total of 1 233 participants aged older than 18 years from five different towns of Panzhihua city were surveyed for cardiovascular disease risk factors and medical examinations.At one time,ankle brachial index was measured.Data were pooled to analyze the levels of ABI and rates of PAD with different levels of BMI. Results The lowest group of ABI level was 18 kg/m~2≤BMI<20 kg/m~2 and the uppermost group was BMI≥28 kg/m~2 in men.In women,the lowest group and uppermost of ABI level were BMI<18 kg/m~2 and 24 kg/m~2≤BMI<26 kg/m~2,respectively.Mean level of ABI was higher than 0.9 among people with different levels of body mass index.The level of ABI and rate of PAD was not significantly increasing with rising BMI groups(P value for trend>0.05).The age adjusted PAD rate with BMI<24 kg/m~2,24 kg/m~2≤BMI<28 kg/m~2,BMI≥28 kg/m~2 were 10.7%,5.6%,8.6% for men and 10.8%,9.2%,13.1% for women,respectively. Conclusions No statistic association between BMI and ABI including PAD was discovered,and the mutuality is required to be more discussed in future.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the effects of atorvastatin on serum myeloperoxidase(MPO) and high sensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP) concentrations in patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS). Methods Seventy-eight patients with ACS were randomly separated in atorvastatin treatment group and control group.The serum concentrations of MPO and hs-CRP were measured before and after treatment. Results Serum MPO and hs-CRP concentrations were significantly lower after treatment in the two groups(p<0.05).Compared with control group,serum MPO and hs-CRP concentrations were reduced significantly in atorvastatin group(p<0.05).There were no correlations between the reduction of MPO and hs-CRP(r=0.124,P=0.068). Conclusions Atorvastatin reduced serum MPO and hs-CRP concentrations in patients with ACS.These effects may explain some clinical benefits of statins in the treatment of these patients.

Abstract:Aim To observe dynamically the serial concentrations of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1(sCIAM-1) and transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) in patients with acute cerebral infarction(ACI) and its significance. Methods The serial concentrations of sICAM-1 and TGF-β1 in 50 patients with ACI and 30 healthy control subjects were measured by ELISA method. Results The serial concentrations of sICAM-1 in patients with ACI significantly exceeded those detected in the healthy control subjects at day 1st,day 3rd and day 7th,the serial concentrations of TGF-β1 in patients with ACI significantly decreased compared with those of the healthy control subjects at day 1st and day 3rd. Conclusion The dynamic changes of the serial alteration of sICAM-1 and TGF-β1 concentration may reflect the immunological and inflammatory status of the patients with ACI,meanwhile,sICAM-1 is an inflammatory damaging factor and TGF-β1 can protect brain tissue.