Abstract:Aim To evaluate the effects of cyclooxygenase(COX)inhibitor and recombinant human CD40 ligand(rhCD40L)on human α₂(Ⅰ)collagen promoter.Methods After amplification and identification,pCOLH_22.4 and pCOLH_21.6,a plasmid containing PCAT3-enhancer,were transfected into human vascular smooth muscle cell(VSMC)using Lipofectamin transfection reagent.The expression of target gene and protein were measured by CAT enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)kit.The effects of COX inhibitor and rhCD40L on CAT activity were evaluated after transfection.Results Compared with the control group,the CAT activities were inhibited by rhCD40L.NS-398 and aspirin could reverse the CAT activities inhibited by rhCD40L;the effect of NS-398 was stronger than that of aspirin.Conclusion rhCD40L could inhibit the activities of human α₂(Ⅰ)collagen promoter by COX pathway partly.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the impact of scavenger receptor class A type Ⅰ/Ⅱ(SR A iv/一七)on the clearance and distribution of oxidized low density lipoprotein(LDL)of mouse under the condition of normal diet and high lipid diet.Methods Each one of SR A iv/一七gene knock out(SR-/-)mice and wild control(SR +/+)mice was randomly picked from each strip to be identified by Southern blot and immunohistochemistry.And then,50 SR-/-and 50 SR +/+ 2-month-old male,weighting about 25 g mice were divided into 4 groups:38 SR-/-mice and 38 SR +/+ mice were fed with high lipid diet(normal food with 15% fatty and 1.25% cholesterol)for 8 weeks.The serum levels of creatinine(Cr),triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),LDL,high density lipoprotein(HDL),apolipoprotein A(apo A),apolipoprotein B(apo B)and body weight(BW)were measured at 8 weeks.12 SR-/-mice and 12 SR +/+ mice were intravenous injected 125 I labeled ox-LDL(125I-ox-LDL)through their tail veins after 3 days high lipid diet.10 min and 3 h after injection,blood samples were harvested from 6 mice by cutting the tail,1 h and 6 h after injection,blood samples were harvested again respectively from eye veins.After humanly killed,the heart,liver,spleen,lung,kidney,stomach,intestines,fat as well as muscle samples were harvested and carefully weighted after circulation was perfused with 5 mL PBS at 4℃.The radiation activity was determined in a multiple-channel gamma counter.Results No significant difference of serum levels of lipid were found between SR-/-and SR +/+ mice fed with

Abstract:Aim To investigate the effects of noradrenalin on the expressions of transforming growth factor(TGF-)β1 in human THP-1 macrophage cells.Methods THP-1 macrophage cells were incubated with different concentrations of noradrenalin(10 pmol/L ～10 μmol/L)for 24 hour.Then the mRNA levels of TGF-?1 were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Levels of TGF-β1 in the supernatants of cells were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results THP-1 macrophage cells which treated with 100 nmol/L,1 μmol/L and 10 μmol/L noradrenalin,the mRNA levels of TGF-β1 decreased 9.3%(p<0.05),39.5%(p<0.01)and 47.8%(p<0.01)respectively.THP-1 macrophage cells which treated with 1 μmol/L and 10 μmol/L noradrenalin,the protein levels of TGF-β1 decreased 24.7%(p<0.01)and 32.8%(p<0.01)respectively.Conclusion Stress induced increase of noradrenalin concentrations cause TGF-β1 expression decreased in human THP-1 macrophage cells.

Abstract:Aim To investigate tyrosine kinase(TK)and protein kinase C(PKC)are related to hemin,a heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)inducer,reduces ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)injury and which mechanisms are involved in the cardioprotective effects.Methods Infarct size was measured in isolated rat hearts following occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min and subsequent reperfusion for 2 h.The ventricular function,lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)and creatine kinase(CK)during ischemia/reperfusion period were also observed.Results Infarct size,LDH and CK were reduced in the hemin(50 micrograms/kg)group compared with the control group.The myocardial performance was also improved in hemin group.Both Genistein,the inhibitor of PTK and Chelerythrine,the inhibitor of PKC blocked the infarct size-limiting effect and improvement in myocardial performance induced by hemin.Conclusion These data suggest that the involvement of PTK and PKC have been implicated in hemin-induced cardioprotection in rat hearts.

Abstract:Aim To investigate protection of erythropoietin(EPO)on rat cerebral ischemia.Methods The model of focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury was made by occluding middle cerebral artery(MCA).At 2 hours before cerebral ischemia,EPO group received an intraperitoneal injection of rHu-EPO(3 000 u/kg),while ischemia-reperfusion group and sham operation group received same doses of saline.The brains were removed 24 hours after reperfusion.Apoptosis and expressions of heat shock protein 27(HSP27)and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)were detected.Results After 24 hours of reperfusion,it was thus clear that ischemia-reperfusion group(67.48±11.17 cells/HP)had major POD masculine cells,EPO group(45.25±4.72 cells/HP)was decreased,there was significant difference between the two groups(p<0.01),no TUNEL positive cell was found in control group and sham operation group.Compared with ischemia-reperfusion group(25.60±4.42 cells/HP),the expression of HSP27 in EPO group was increased(67.56±13.84 cells/HP,p<0.01).About the expression of VEGF,there was significant difference between EPO group and ischemia-reperfusion group(74.90±11.64 cells/HP vs 40.14±7.50 cells/HP,p<0.01).Conclusion EPO pretreatment could inhibit apoptosis of cortical neurons after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury,partially mediated by the up-regulation of HSP27 and VEGF expression.

Abstract:Aim To estimate the effect of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Cardiotonic Pills(RSMCP)on adhension factors.Methods 30 male New Zealand rabbits were fed with a diet of 1% cholesterol for 12 weeks after they were underwent ballon-induced abdominal arotic wall injury.At the end of the 12 th week,they were randomly divided into 3 groups.3 groups were separately given lower-dose RSMCP(5 pills/d),higher-dose RSMCP(10 pills/d)for 12 weeks,the last group was control group.At the beginning of the experiment,12 th week,and 24 th week,blood samples were collected to measure the lipid profile,concentrations of high sensitive-C reaction protein(hs-CRP);abdominal aorta was measured by high frequency ultrasound.The abdominal aorta were processed and examined by HE stain,immunohistochemical stain for vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1),intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1)and macrophage,and light reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)for mRNA of ICAM-1 and ICAM-1.Results Compared with control group,the RSMCP treatmeant could decrease low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDLC),total cholesterol(TC)and hs-CRP,increase high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDLC),and decrease intima-media thickness(IMT)(p<0.05 or p<0.01);VCAM-1,ICAM-1 and their mRNA,macrophage were decreased in all the treatment group.Conclusions RSMCP can inhibit the expression of adhesion factors,so inhibit inflammation on atherosclerosis,and postpone atherosclerotic progress in rabbits.

Abstract:Aim To study the effect of Valsartan on the mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPARγ)and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1)and the secretion of interleukin-6(IL-6)in experimental atherosclerotic rabbits.Methods Male Japanese White Rabbits were randomly divided into three groups:control group,cholesterol group,Valsartan group.All rabbits were fed according to experiment design for 12 weeks.Blood samples were taken from vein for detection of serum lipid.The intima-media thickness was measured.PPARγ and MCP-1 were examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.IL-6 in serum was evaluated by ELISA.Results The expression of PPARγ mRNA was higher in Valsartan group than cholesterol group(1.75±0.23 vs 1.12±0.16,p<0.05).The expression of MCP-1 mRNA was lower in Valsartan group than cholesterol group(1.14±0.22 vs 1.95±0.32,p<0.05).The levels of IL-6 was lower in Valsartan group than cholesterol group(32.42±6.12 vs 83.73±5.42 ng/L,P <0.05).The ratio of intima-media reduced obviously in Valsartan group than those of cholesterol group(p<0.05).Levels of serum TC、TG、LDL-C in cholesterol group and Valsartan group were significant higher than those of control group(p<0.01),but they had not significant difference between cholesterol group and Valsartan group.Conclusions Valsartan could inhibit the MCP-1 mRNA expression and IL-6 level by increasing PPARγ mRNA expression in experimental atherosclerotic rabbits.

Abstract:Aim Aim To investigate the effect of estrogen on the level of angiotensin Ⅱ(AngⅡ)and the expression of angiotensinⅡ type 1 receptor(AT1R)mRNA in Sprague-Dawley(SD)Rat.Methods Twelve-week-old SD female rats were randomly allocated into three groups:1)ovariectomy(OVX)group,2)ovariectomy+estrogen(OVX+E2)group,and 3)sham operation(Con)group.Blood pressure and body weight were measured.The levels of AngⅡ and estrogen were determined by radioimmunoassay.Expressions of AT1R mRNA in heart,kidney cortex,aorta vascular smooth muscle cell(VSMC)were detected by RT-PCR.Vascular smooth muscle cells from 8-week-old SD rats were cultured.The effect of on the expression of AT1R mRNA was detected by RT-PCR.Result Weight and blood pressure in three groups were not significantly different before ovariectomy.Three months after ovariectomy,weight and blood in ovariectomized rats were significantly higher than that in sham operation animals.Plasma AngⅡ was highly increased and serum estrogen significantly lower in ovariectomized rats.No differences could be observed between the OVX+E2 and the Con group with regard to the serum estrogen.So were plasma AngⅡ levels.The expression of AT1R mRNA in OVX group rats' heart,kidney,aorta was significantly lower.The expressions of AT1R mRNA were inhibited by estradiol in depended-concentration manner in VSMC.Estradiol(10-6 mol/L)remarkably inhibited the expression of AT1R mRNA in VSMC.Conclusion 1.Estrogen could inhibit the expression of AT1R mRNA and reduced plasma AngⅡ level.2.The effect of Estrogen on cardiovascular system may be rely on reducing AngⅡ and AT1R level.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the effects of atorvastatin treat on secretion of prostaglandin I₂(PGI₂)and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1)in cultured rat artery endothelail cells(RACE).Methods RACE were cultured within basal medium.When cells grew to the stage of confluence,50 mmol/L homocysteine(HCY)and variant concentration of atorvastatin(5,15,30 and 50 mmol/L)were added,for another 8 hours.PGI₂ and MCP-1 were examined in nutrient solution.Results RAEC were injured severely by HCY.Within atorvastatin medium,PGI₂ increased and MCP-1 decreased.This effect was dose-depenedent.Conclusion Atorvastatin reduce MCP-1 and increase PGI₂ secretion in damaged RAEC.

Abstract:Aim To study the value of non-high-density lipoprotein level in evaluation of coronary artery disease(CAD)in elderly patients.Methods 120 patients(75 cases and 45 controls)with selecting coronary angiography were enrolled in this case/control study.Fasting venous samples were ascertainted before coronary angiography and total cholesterol,triglycerid,high density lipoprotein cholesterol,low density lipoprotein cholesterol and non high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(n-HDLC)were measured respectively.The result of lipid analysis in the tow groups were studied by SPSS11.5 software.Results serum level of n-HDLC in the positive angiography group had significant higher than in the negative group 2.99±1.08 mmol/L,single-vesell group 3.41±0.59 mmol/L;double-vesellgroup 3.70±1.30 mmol/L;three-vesell group 3.77±1.10 mmol/L,respectively(p<0.001).The serum n-HDLC level increased with the severity of coronary stenosis,and had a grade assiociation with coronary stenosis scores(r=0.326,p<0.001).There was no significant difference in serum triglycerid and high-density lipoprotein level between the two groups(p>0.05).Conclusion non-high-density lipoprotein is a low-cost and effective coronary artery disease risk assessment for elderly patients.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the association of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 gene polymorphisms with acute coronary syndrome.Methods We analyzed two single nucleotide polymorphisms of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 gene Leu125Val and Ser563Asn in 117 angiographically documented patients with acute coronary syndrome and 117 age-and sex-matched controls in the Chinese population,using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism strategy.Some samples were verified by direct sequencing.Results we found that two polymorphisms were in linkage disequilibrium with each other(D'=0.896)and that frequencies of 125Leu1 and 563Ser alleles were significantly increased in patients compared with controls(51.7% vs 39.7%,p<0.05;54.3% vs 42.3%,p<0.05,respectively).The frequencies of genotypes for 125Leu/Leu+ 125Leu/Val and 563Ser/Ser+ 563Ser/Asn were also significantly increased in the patients(p<0.05).In addition,there were no significant difference in patients among different vessel disease and between acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina.Conclusion platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 gene polymorphism may be a genetic risk factor for acute coronary syndrome.

Abstract:Aim To explore the clinical implications between plasma monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1)levels and flow-mediated dilation(FMD)of brachial arteries in individuals with essential hypertension.Methods 42 patients with essential hypertension and 40 healthy controls were enrolled in the study.FMD on brachial artery at rest and during reactive hyperemia was assessed by high-resolution,two-dimensional ultrasonography.Plasma MCP-1,nitric oxide(NO)and von Willebrand factor(vWF)levels were also determined.Results Compared with controls,brachial artery FMD and NO level of hypertensive patients were significantly decreased(6.6%±2.6% vs 10.7%±1.8%,16.90±5.49 μmol/L vs 24.55±7.32 μmol/L,p<0.01).Plasma vWF,MCP-1 of hypertensive patients were markedly increased(122.02±63.53 ng/L vs 90.27±38.38 ng/L,p<0.01;19.94±8.95 ng/L vs 15.93±6.78 ng/L,p<0.05).The levels of MCP-1 were negatively correlated with FMD(r=-0.278,p<0.05).Conclusions Endothelium-dependent vasodilation is impaired in patients with essential hypertension,which is associated with the increased MCP-1 level.

Abstract:Aim To evaluate the role of CD40 ligands(CD40L),pregnancy-associated plasma protein A(PAPP-A)and malondialdehyde-modified low density lipoprotein(MDA-LDL)in the development of plaque disruption.Methods Eighty-five patients with coronary heart disease(CHD)and twenty-five controls were collected in this study.All patients underwent coronary angiography.The angiographic morphology of plaques was analyzed.According to the morphologic types of plaque,the patients with CHD were divided into type Ⅰ(smooth borders)group(n=31)and type Ⅱ(irregular lesions)group(n=35)and type Ⅲ(long lesions)group(n=19).Plasma CD40L,PAPP-A and MDA-LDL were measured in all patients.Results Plasma CD40L,PAPP-A and MDA-LDL in type Ⅱ group were significantly higer than those in the control group,type Ⅰ group and type Ⅲ group(p<0.01).The plasma levels of CD40L and PAPP-A had a significant positive correlation in the patients with type Ⅱ CHD(r=0.446,p<0.01).The plasma levels of MDA-LDL didn't correlate to low density lipoprotein(LDL)and high density lipoprotein(HDL)in the patients with typeⅡCHD(p>0.05).The plasma levels of MDA-LDL and PAPP-A had a significant positive correlation in the patients with type Ⅱ CHD(r=0.630,p<0.01).Conclusions Plasma levels of CD40L,PAPP-A and MDA-LDL increased in patients with coronary plaque rupture,CD40L and PAPP-A had a positive correlation,which indicated CD40L possibly facilitates the plaque rupture via upregulating the PAPP-A expression;MDA-LDL and PAPP-A had a positive correlation,which indicated the oxidative stress is likely to either induce or intensify inflammatory action,and may be co-effect with inflammation facts to cause or accelerate plaque rupture.

Abstract:Aim To Find the relationship between the 12-lead resting electrocardiograph(ECG)features and multiple-vessel coronary artery disease,and evaluate the value of 12-lead resting ECG on predicting multiple-vessel coronary heart disease.Methods ECG and coronary angiography(CAG)of 104 patients were analyzed.All patients were divided into negative group(8 patients),multiple-vessel disease group(30 patients),non-multiple-vessel disease group(66 patients).ST-segment elevation in lead aVR,the number of leads with abnormal ST segment,the sum of absolute ST-segment deviation value,the sum of absolute ST-segment deviation value plus the number of leads with abnormal ST segment,and ST segment time were analyzed among the three groups.The indexes combining with the results of CAG were analyzed.The ECG score method consisted of age and the ECG indexes.Each index reached the provisions as 1 score.We defined the sum of each index as the patient's integrated ECG aggregate score and 4 score was the diagnostic cutpoint.Results There were significant difference between non-multiple-vessel disease group and multiple-vessel disease group for the ECG indexes and age.There are significant differences among the three groups for the integrated ECG aggregate score(p<0.01).Integrated ECG aggregate score was positively related to the number of narrowed coronary arteries(r=0.491,P=0.000).The sensitivity and specificity of the integrated ECG score method were 83%,77% respectively.Conclusion The integrated ECG score method plays an important role in distinguishing multiple-vessel disease of coronary heart disease.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Huangqixianxiong capsule on isolated systolic hypertension in the elderly(EISH).Methods 100 patients were divided into Huangqixianxiong capsule group and control group in a random,double-blind and placebo control modality.50 patients in the Huangqixianxiong capsule group took Huangqixianxiong capsule and placebo of perindopril(acertil),while the other 50 patients in the control group took acertil and placebo of Huangqixianxiong capsule.Changes of clinical manifestation between pre-and post-treatment were observed by combined TCM and Western medicine syndrome,and the blood parameters were analyzed by molecular biology technology.Results Compared with the level before treatment,systolic blood pressure value were obviously decreased in both groups after 5 and 10 weeks treatment(p<0.01).The total depressurization curative effect rate in the Huangqixianxiong capsule group was 76%,versus 73% in the control group(p<0.05),and the total effective rate in symptoms and signs of traditional Chinese medicine were 92%,which was better than that in the control group.Lab test showed that the increase of blood nitric oxide synthase(NOS)activity and decrease of malonaldehyde(MDA),neuropeptide Y(NPY)and homocystein(Hcy)in the Huangqixianxiong capsule group were all superior than that in the control group(p<0.05).Conclusions Huangqixianxiong capsule has a better effect on EISH without apparent toxic and side effects,and the regulation of NOS,MDA,NPY and Hcy may be included in its mechanism of action.

Abstract:Aim To study effects of acute normovolemic hemodilution on hemodynamics,hemorheology,during Operation on coronary heart disease patierts.Methods Twenty-eight Coronary heart disease patients of sexes(18 male,10 female)aged 44-61 yr weighing 54-79 kg undergoing elective operations were randomly divided into 2 groups with 14 patients in each group:Acute normovolemic hemodilution(ANH)group and control group.Right internal jugular vein was cannulated for CVP monitoring and blood sampling,Radial artery was cannulated for blood pressure monitoring and blood gas analysis,Femoral vein was cannulatel for blood sampling and fluid infusion.Blood(8-12 ml/kg)was removed from radial artery in ANH group and normovolemic was maintained by simultaneous infusion of 6% HEAS.ECG,BP,CVP were continuously monitored throughout the operation.Arterial and central venous blood samples were taken for blood gas analysis before and after ANH.Results There were no significant changes in HR,MAP and CVP after ANH.And there were no significant difference in parameters of blood gas analysis between two groups,But the control group needing blood infusion from another was much more than ANH group.Conclusion ANH can be safely used for coronary heart disease during operations,efficiently prevent losing of blood and may have heart protection function.

Abstract:Aim To determine apolipoprotein AⅤ(ApoAⅤ)levels and study the correlation with lipid parameters in normolipidemic human subjects.Methods Lipids were measured enzymatically.Serum ApoAⅤ levels were determined using a novel,validated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum ApoAⅤ level in normolipidemic subjects was rather low(5.4～455.6 μg/L).An inverse correlation between serum ApoAⅤ and triglyceride(TG)levels was observed(r=-0.225,P=0.031).In addition,ApoAⅤ concentration was positively related to high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDLC)(r=0.453,p<0.001),and negatively related to body mass index(BMI)(r=-0.345,P=0.001).ApoAⅤ concentration was not related to low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDLC)and total cholesterol(TC).Conclusions The serum ApoAⅤ level was rather low,and inversely related to TG and BMI,but positively related to HDLC.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the blood lipid status and dyslipdemia of 41 years old people group.Method Observe 4 219 cases of 41 years old people who come to take physical examination in hospital from 2004 to 2005.Blood lipid checking items include total cholesterol,low density lipoprotein cholesterol,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride.Result The blood lipid level of the group increases by age.Female's TC and LDLC are higher than male after 51,and female's HDLC is higher than male in all ages.High TC blood syndromes are more than high TG blood syndromes in each age groups.The rate of high TC of male in 41-60 age group is 29.5%,and that of female is 36.3%.41.0% for 60 age group of male and female 50.6%.The rate of high TG of male in 41-60 age group is 28.4%,and that of female is 10.9%.19.5% for 60 age group of male and female 15.5%.Conclusion The rate of dyslipdemia of above 41years old people in Huaihua city is high,it predicts that the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease increases.It is necessary to propaganda reasonable food structure arrangement and to prevent dyslipdemia.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the change of interleukin-10(IL-10)level in patients with acute cerebral infarction(ACI)and its relation with the volume of infarction.Methods Patients with ACI were divided into three groups of the large,the midst and the small by the volume of infarction and made group comparison.The serum level of IL-10 was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)at 1,3,7 and 14 days after cerebral infarction.Results Compared with control group,the serum level of IL-10 was not increased at 1st day after cerebral infarction,but increased at 3th and 7th day after cerebral infarction,especially in the large size of infarction group,with a maximum increase at 7th day,the midst and the small were lower.The serum level of IL-10 reached the baseline at 14th day.Conclusion The serum level of IL-10 is significantly increased from 3 to 7 days after cerebral infarction.