Abstract:Aim To investigate the senescence and apoptosis of endothelial cells induced by angiotensinⅡ (AngⅡ). Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (hUVEC) were cultured in vitro and intervened by AngⅡ. The cell living rate was observed by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT); β-gal staining and cell cycle analysis were used to identify cell aging status. Apoptotic morphologic changes and percentage of apoptosis were assayed with Hoechst33258 and were observed under fluorescent microscope; transmission electric microscopy was used to evaluate the ultra-microstructure of hUVEC; cell senescence and cell apoptosis was used to study by transmission electric microscopy. Results The cell living rate by AngⅡ-induced cells was 81.9%±4.1% of control (p<0.01), the positive cell number of β-gal staining was significantly higher in AngⅡ-induced cells than that in the control cells (80.10%±6.81% vs 0.18%±0.04%, p<0.01); the cell cycle was at G0-G1 (p<0.01), S phase and G2/M phase were a tendency to disappearance in AngⅡ-induced cells (6.62%±0.42% vs 2.12%±0.33%, p<0.01), the apoptotic cells significantly increased under fluorescent microscope and transmission electric microscopy. Conclusions Cell apoptosis is possibly an important factor for endothelial cells senescence and vascular aging.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the effect and signal transduction pathway of UrotensinⅡ (UⅡ) on endothelin-1 (ET-1) production in cultured aortic tissues of rat. Methods Aortic slices were incubated with different concentration of UⅡ(10-10～10-7 mol/L) for 3 or 6 h. ET-1 both in medium and tissues were measured with radioimmunoassay. Different inhibitors were added to the medium to study the role of different signal transduction pathways in the stimulating effect of UⅡon production of ET-1. Results The study showed that UⅡ significantly stimulated ET-1 secretion (ET-1 in medium) and production (ET-1 both in medium and tissues) from rat aortic tissues, in a time and concentration dependent manner. After incubation for 3 h, ET-1 secretion and production were increased by 146% and 87.9% respectively in 10-8mol/L of UⅡ group than the control group. After incubation for 6h, ET-1 secretion was increased by 59.2%, 108%, 159.6% and 178.0% in UⅡ (10-10, 10-9, 10-8, 10-7 mol/L) group respectively. And ET-1 production was increased by 40.6%, 68.4%, 103.1% and 105.7% in 10-10～10-7 mol/L of UⅡ group respectively. Furthermore, the effect of UⅡ (10-8 mol/L) were inhibited by 34.1%, 24.5%, 32.2%, 32.1% and 27.6% (p<0.01) in secretion and by 33.5%, 31.5%, 25.8%, 28.0% and 36.8% (p<0.01) in production when incubated with nicardipine, H7, PD98059, actinomycin D and cyclophosphamide respectively, which are inhibitors of calcium channel, PKC, MAPK, mRNA production and protein synthesis respectively. Conclusion UⅡ could stimulate ET-1 synthesis and secretion in rat aortic tissues, and this effect might be mediated by Ca²⁺, PKC, and MAPK signal transduction pathway. It was also proposed that UⅡ might play vasoconstrictive actions partly through ET-1 production.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the effects of renin angiotensin system (RAS) in atherosclerosis by observing the change of angiotensinⅡ type 1 (AT1) receptor expression and the effects of statin on it. Methods Sixty patients with hypercholesterolemia and forty healthy persons were investigated as hyperlipidemia group (Hyperlipidemias) and control group (Controls) respectively. Blood samples of ulnar vein were extracted from Controls and Hyperlipidemias. Blood serum, plasma and platelet were extracted and stored at a refrigerator of -80℃. The level of plasma angiotensinⅡ was detected by the method of radioimmunity. While the expression of AT1 mRNA and protein on platelet were assessed by reverse transcription polymerse chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot respectively. Results The plasma angiotensinⅡ of Hyperlipidemias was higher than that of Controls (92.13±25.27 vs 50.85±21.12, p<0.01). The expression of AT1 mRNA and protein on platelets were higher in Hyperlipidemia than those of Controls(0.93±0.22 vs 0.25±0.06, p<0.01 and 1.35±0.32 vs 0.42±0.10, p<0.01). The expression of AT1 protein was directly correlated with the plasma angiotensinⅡ (r=0.369, p<0.01). Conclusions The increase of AT1 mRNA and protein on platelets is related with plasma angiotensin Ⅱ in patients with hypercholesterolemia.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the mechanism of intracellular calcium overload of endoxin mediating myocardial ischemia reperfusion(MIR) injury, the changes of endoxin level, ATPase activities, intramitochondrial Ca²⁺ concentration and gene expression of Na+-K+-ATPase isoforms in myocardium of rats with MIR were observed. Methods Thirty-two male Sprauge Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. Sham operation group (control group): silk suture threading the left anterior descending coronary artery without ligature; MIR group (MIR):left anterior descending coronary artery was subjected to 30 min ligation followed by 45 min reperfusion; normal saline group (NS):MIR model was given 5 mL/kg-1 normal saline; verapamil group (Ver): MIR model was given 5 mg/kg verapamil. Drug and NS were injected into vessel via femoral vein within 5 min before reperfusion. After reperfusion left ventricle myocardium samples were processed immediately in order to measure the activities of Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca²⁺-Mg2+-ATPase, endoxin level, intramitochondrial Ca²⁺ concentration and the changes of mRNA and protein levels of α₁, α₂, α3 and β1 isoforms of Na+-K+-ATPase were measured by RT-PCR and western-blot technology respectively. Results After MIR, the level of endoxin in myocardium was obviously increased, the activities of Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca²⁺-Mg2+-ATPase in myocardial membrane were significantly decreased while the concentration of intramitochondrial Ca²⁺ increased, the levels of mRNA and protein of the α₁, α₂, α3 and β1 isoforms of Na+-K+-ATPase were reduced markedly. Verapamil had only effect of reducing the concentration of intramitochondrial Ca²⁺. Conclusion MIR resulted in increase of myocardial endoxin secretion. The latter could depress the activity of Na+-K+-ATPase by changing the gene expression of α₁, α₂, α3 and β1 isoforms of Na+-K+-ATPase in myocardial membrane, and induce intramitochondrial Ca²⁺ overload, thereby mediate MIR injury.

Abstract:Aim To study the inhibitory effect of oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) on the expression of caveolin-1 in vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) and its relation with extracellular-signal regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2). Methods Western blot was performed to evaluate the effects of ox-LDL (50 mg/L) or ox-LDL (50 mg/L) and PD98059 (25 μmol/L) on expression of caveolin-1and ERK1/2 in vascular SMC in different times. Results Ox-LDL (50 mg/L) obviously decreased caveolin-1 expression, and significantly increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation activity. However, the activation of ERK1/2 blocked by PD98059 significantly promoted caveolin-1 expression. Conclusions Downregulation of caveolin-1 expression in foam cell derived from vascular smooth muscle cell is involved in ERK1/2 phosphorylation activity and its signaling pathway activated by ox-LDL.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the characteristic and the possible mechanism of vascular remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR) and effect of Fufang Danshen Diwan, when Fufang Danshen Diwan was taken on early stage for long time. Methods Forty-eight ten-week-old SHR were randomly divided into six groups: the control group before treatment (n=8), the negative group (n=8) which were fed with 0.9% sodium chloride for 8 weeks, the amlodipine treatment group (n=8) which were fed with amlodipine for 8 weeks, Fufang Danshen Diwan later treatment group (n=8) which were fed with amlodipine for 8 weeks and then added with Fufang Danshen Diwan for 8 weeks again, Fufang Danshen Diwan early treatment group (n=8) which were fed with amlodipine and Fufang Danshen Diwan for 8 weeks, Fufang Danshen Diwan long-term treatment group (n=8) which were fed with amlodipine and Fufang Danshen Diwan for 16 weeks and then were executed. All the rats were taken blood pressure before they were executed, and then vascular wall of thoracic aorta were taken out, then the wall thickness (WT) and growth rate of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC), the expression of matrix metallopro-teinase-2 (MMP-2), endothelin-1 (ET-1) and laminin (LN) were observed. Results Compared with Fufang Danshen Diwan early treatment group, the VSMC growth rate of Fufang Danshen Diwan long-term treatment group descended obviously, nevertheless, that of Fufang Danshen Diwan later treatment group ascended significantly. Based on lowering blood pressure taking Fufang Danshen Diwan earlier and longer would descended the expression of MMP-2 and ET-1 and ascended the expression of LN, which occurred before VSMC growth rate changed. Conclusion Based on lowering blood pressure taking Fufang Danshen Diwan on early stage for long time would restrain vascular remodeling by altering biological effect (descended the expression of MMP-2 and ET-1, ascended the expression of LN), as well as mechanic effect (the growth rate of VSMC).

Abstract:Aim To investigate the influence of β-blocker (metoprolol) on the ventricular neural remodeling and susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias. Methods New Zealand rabbits were ligated with left anterior descending branch for myocardial infarction (MI) induction. The rabbits were randomized to metoprolol group treated with metoprolol [10 mg/(kg·d)], MI group and sham operation group. All groups were further followed up for 8 weeks. After electrophysiological recordings, immunostaining was applied to detect the shape and density of nerve fibers. Results Eight weeks after operation, metoprolol treatment reduced the increased incidence of post-MI ventricular arrhythmias compared with those placebo treatment (8.3% vs 58.3%, p<0.001). The densities of S100 and GAP43 positive nerve fibers (3 889±521 μm2/mm2, 3 090±622 μm2/mm2) were significantly higher in MI group than in sham operation group (1 727±304 μm2/mm2,718±177 μm2/mm2)at infarct border. Additionally, the distribution of nerve fibers in the MI group were obviously diverse in contrast to sham group. The densities of S100 and GAP43 positive nerve fibers dropped to 2 725±283 μm2/mm2 and 1 922±508 μm2/mm2 at infarct border after meteprolol treatment. Otherwise, metoprolol attenuated the heterogeneity of cardiac innervation. The densities of S100 and GAP43 positive nerve fibers at non-infarct left ventricular free wall were also lowered by meteprolol treatment in MI model. Conclusion Metoprolol appeared to reduce the post-MI ventricular arrhythmias, partly by improving neural remodeling.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the effect of curcumin on the expression of matrix matalloproteinase-9 in the aorta atherosclerotic rabbits. Methods Thirty male Japanese White rabbits were fed with high-cholesterol diet for two consecutive months. After atherosclerotic model was established, the remaining animals were randomly divided into two groups: the control group and treatment group. Both groups were fed with standard diet for next one month. Additionally, the treatment group received an oral curcumin at dose 200 mg/kg, and the control group received an oral curcumin-free sodium chloride solution daily during experiment. Before and after the curcumin therapy period, the blood sample were collected in both groups. Serum was separated and used for the assessment of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) and triglyceride. After three months, all animals were killed. Entire aortas were rapidly dissected out, and the ratio of atherosclerotic plaque was examined. The aortic arch was selected for histological examinations and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H & E). The expression of MMP-9 was examined with semiquantitative analysis immunohistochemistry in the aorta. Results Both treatment and control group had eight rabbits for analysis. After curcumin treatment for one month, compared with the control group, the treatment group decreased serum triglyceride by 23.5% (0.75±0.15 mmol/L vs 0.98±0.20 mmol/L, P=0.024), total cholesterol by 21.6% (3.52±0.66 mmol/L vs 4.49±0.80 mmol/L,P=0.020) and LDLC by 30.3% (2.05±0.43 mmol/L vs 2.94±0.72 mmol/L,P=0.009), but increased HDLC by 16.3% (1.14±0.15 mmol/L vs 0.98±0.14 mmol/L,P=0.040). Curcumin inhibited the atherosclerotic development in experimental rabbits, the ratio of plaque with area reduced obviously in treatment group as compared to those of control group (22.61%±7.95% vs 42.28%±19.34%,P=0.025). The stained intensity, ratio of positive cell and total score of MMP-9 immunohistochemistry expression were significantly lower in treatment group than those in control group. Conclusion Curcumin could decrease the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in the aorta and attenuate atherosclerotic development in rabbits.

Abstract:Aim To observe the expression of angiotensinⅡ-induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in cultured human umbilical vascular smooth muscle cells and investigate the influence of aspirin and fluvastatin on it. Methods Vascular smooth muscle cells were prepared from human umbilical arteries. The expression of COX-2 were observed in these cells after stimulated with different concentrations of angiotensinⅡ (AngⅡ) for 1 h, or stimulated with AngⅡ after treated with different concentrations of aspirin or fluvastatin or their combination for 1 h. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and cell immunocytochemistry were used for COX-2 mRNA and protein analysis. Results The expression of COX-2 mRNA was markedly increased under the stimulation of AngⅡ in a dose-dependent manner and reached to the peak when the concentration of AngⅡ was 1.0 μmol/L. This effect was inhibited by aspirin and fluvastatin, and the amount of COX-2 mRNA decreased gradually when the drugs dose increased. The amount of COX-2 mRNA was even lower in the drugs combination group than those in monotherapies groups (p<0.05). Results of the COX-2 protein expression with cell immunocytochemistry were coincident with those of mRNA expression with RT-PCR. Conclusions COX-2 can be induced by AngⅡ in cultured human vascular smooth muscle cells, which may play an important role in the progression of atherogenesis. Aspirin and fluvastatin can co-suppress the expression of COX-2, which may bring a novel therapeutic idea for drugs use.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the tumor necrosis factor-α converting enzyme (TACE) mRNA expression in angiotensinⅡ-stimulated THP-1 macrophages to explore the relationship and their potential roles in atherosclerosis. Methods Cultured THP-1 was differentiated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA,40 nmol/L) for 24 hours to macrophages, then stimulated with AngⅡ in different concentration (10-10～10-7 mol/L) and for different time (0, 6, 12, 24 h and 48 h). RT-PCR was used to measure the expression of TACE mRNA. Results TACE mRNA was expressed in THP-1 after differentiated to macrophages by PMA. AngⅡ(10-10～10-7 mol/L) increased TACE mRNA expression in a dose dependent way (p<0.01 vs control; p<0.05 vs 10-7 mol/L). TACE mRNA was increased at 6 hours and with the highest level at 24 hours, then decreased (p<0.01 vs control; p<0.05 vs 24 h). Conclusions THP-1 macrophages express TACE. AngⅡsignificantly upregulates TACE expression in a dose-and-time dependent way. AngⅡand TACE may play an important role in macrophage-mediated vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis progression.

Abstract:Aim To observe the changes of plasma Urotensin-Ⅱ (UⅡ), Endothelial (ET) and Adrenomedullin (ADM) levels in chronic heart failure (CHF) and to investgate their clinical implications. Methods Plasma UⅡ, ET and ADM levels of 42 patients with CHF and 40 control subjects were measured by radioimmunoassay. In all the subjects, the left ventricular ejection fraction and the left ventricular mass index were measured by echocardiography. Results The plasma UⅡ levels were significantly lower in patients with CHF in comparison with that in control subjects (1.53±0.74 pmol/L vs 4.78±1.57 pmol/L, p<0.01). The plasma UⅡ levels after treatment were higher than before (3.63±1.09 pmol/L vs 1.53±0.74 pmol/L, p<0.01). A significant correlation of plasma UⅡ levels with the classes of cardiac function in CHF (r=-0.77,p<0.01), LVEF(r=0.80,p<0.01) and LVMI (r=-0.39, P=0.01) was observed. The plasma ET levels in patients were significantly higher than that in controls (51.83±11.38 ng/L vs 43.69±4.76 ng/L, p<0.05). The levels of plasma ET after treatment were higher than before (p>0.05). The plasma ADM levels in patients were significantly higher than that in controls (26.14±9.46 ng/L vs 19.10±4.74 ng/L, p<0.05). After therapeutic interventions, the plasma ADM levels were lower than before (p>0.05). Conclusions Vasoactive peptide might play a role in the pathophysiological process of CHF. UⅡ can evaluate left ventricular reconstitution and the severity of CHF. UⅡ may be of use in the diagnosis of heart failure. It may become a new target for the treatment of CHF.

Abstract:Aim To determine whether obesity and glucolipide metabolism could influence the antihypertensive effect of selective β1 adrenergic receptor blocker, metoprolol. Methods 300 Patients with 1 or 2 grade essential hypertension were enrolled and treated with metoprolol for 8 weeks, with analysis of the relationship between total effective rate rate and obesity or centre obesity, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipoidemia. Results Patients with normal body mass index had greater effective rate of metoprolol treatment than patients who were overweight or obesity, patients without centre obesity had greater effective rate than the ones with centre obesity, and sex difference existed in the influence of diabetes mellitus and hyperlipoidemia to metoprolol treatment (p<0.05). Body mass index were the most influential factors to effect of metoprolol through Logistic analysis. Conclusion Obesity or centre obesity, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipoidemia were related with antihypertensive treatment of metoprolol, specifically in men.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the association between matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) polymorphism (C1562T) and coronary heart disease (CHD) in Han population of South China. Methods The study included 150 patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS group), 110 patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP group) and 70 controls (control group) , all of which were confirmed by angiocardiography. Plasma levels of MMP-9 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Promoter C1562T gene polymorphism of MMP-9 was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Genotype and allele frequency were compared among groups. Results Plasma MMP-9 level in ACS group were significantly higher than those of SAP group (p<0.05) and control group (p<0.01), however there was no difference between SAP group and control group (p>0.05). The frequency of CT and CT+TT genotype and T allele were higher in ACS group compared with those in control group and SAP group (p<0.05 or 0.01), but the frequencies of C/T genotypes and alleles were not statistically different between SAP group and control group (p>0.05). Plasma MMP-9 level of CT/TT genetype was higher than that of CC genetype (p<0.01). Conclusion The genetic polymorphism in MMP-9 promoter (C1562T) is associated with ACS in the Han population of South China, and T allele is a susceptible gene of unstability of atherosclerosis plaque.

Abstract:Aim To evaluate the cardiovascular risk factors of young patients with acute myocardial infarction and the influence on coronary artery disease. Methods 36 consecutive patients ≤45 years of age with a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction, who were performed coronary angiography within 3 months after the onset of acute myocardial infarction, were assigned to the young group. We selected 50 consecutive patients aged 50～70 years old during the same time as the control group. The patient's cardiovascular history, results of coronary angiography and risk factors (smoking, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and family history) were recorded and analysed. Results 91.7% were male in young group versus 72.0% in control group. The percent of smoking, family history, and hypercholesterolemia in young group were 83.3%, 47.2%, and 44.4%, respectively. The percent of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and hypercholesterolemia in control group were 54.0%, 42.0%, 40.0%, and 38.0%, respectively. As a culprit artery, the prevalence of left anterior descending coronary artery, right coronary artery, and left circumflex coronary artery in young group were 58.3%, 38.9%, and 0 versus 56.0%, 42.0%, and 22.0% in control group, respectively. The incidence of singe, double, and triple vessel diseases in young group were 63.9%, 27.8%, and 8.3% versus 42.0%, 40.0%, and 18.0% in control group, respectively. The average risk factors of young group were 1.64±0.40 in singe vessel disease versus 2.78±0.56 in multi-vessel disease. Conclusions Smoking, family history, and hypercholesterolemia were the most common risk factors among young patients. Young patients had a higher frequency of singe vessel disease. There were no left circumflex coronary artery As culprit artery and no in-hospital deaths among young patients. In young patients, there were more cardiovascular risk factors in multi-vessel disease patients than in singe vessel disease patients.

Abstract:Aim To discuss the relationship between the pulse wave velocity and coronary atherosclerosis. Methods 104 patient were selected, all patients were underwent coronary arteriongraphy or interventional therapy, and pulse wave velocity, blood biochemistry examination, history-taking were measured to analyze the serious degree relationship between pulse wave velocity and coronary artery disease. Results Age and PWV and pulse pressure were significant risk factor of coronary atherosclerosis. Age, PWV, pulse pressure, hypertensive history systolic blood pressure, smoking and cholesterol have significant difference in coronary artery disease extent. According to the grouping of largest narrow degree of coronary artery disease, there is significant difference between narrow degree 1, 2, 3, 4 and 0 in severity of coronary heart disease; between narrow degree 1 and 2 there is significant difference. Comparing patients with PWV≤14.02 m/s and PWV>14 m/s, there is significant difference in severity ofcoronary artery. Patients with PWV>14 m/s had higher incidence of 3 disease. There is no difference between patients with essential hypertension and those without hypertensios. PWV may reflect kinds of risk factor to vascul damages. Conclusions There are dependablities about PWV and coronary artery disease severity degree. Detecting PWV can be used to evaluate the coronary artery disease danger hierarchication,and it can identify the coronary artery severity extent.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the relationship between the risk of cerebral infarction and plasma homocysteine levels. Methods Levels of plasma homocysteine, serum folic acid and vitamin B12 of 200 patients with acute cerebral infarction and 100 healthy subjects were determined. Results The mean plasma homocysteine was significantly higher in the cerebral infarction group (18.54±6.28 μmol/L) compared with that in the control group (10.35±3.64 μmol/L, p<0.001). The mean serum folic acid and vitamin B12 were significantly lower in the cerebral infarction group (4.62±2.48 μg/L and 246.4±86.2 ng/L) compared with those in the control group (8.36±1.58 μg/L and 348.3±58.4 ng/L, p<0.001). Conditional logistic procedure analysis showed that plasma homocysteine was independent risky factor of cerebral infarction. Correlation coefficients between log plasma homocysteine level and serum folic acid, vitamin B12 indicated an inverse correlation (r=-0.448, p<0.001; r=-0.264, p<0.01, respectively). Plasma homocysteine was negatively correlated with the European stroke scale score (r=-0.684,p<0.001). Conclusions Hyperhomocysteinemia increase the risk of cerebral infarction. It can aggravate the pathogenetic condition of cerebral infarction too.

Abstract:Aim To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous diltiazem and metoprolol for treatment of rapid ventricular rate in elderly heart failure (HF) patients with rapid atrial fibrillation. Methods A single-blind, randomized study on 72 elderly HF patients with rapid atrial fibrillation was conducted by comparing intravenous diltiazem and metoprolol. Results The efficacy was 94.6% in the diltiazem group,and the ventricular rate decreased from 149±26 bpm to 97±19 bpm, with a mean decrease by 35% 120 min after treatment;Simultaneously, the efficacacy was 97.1% in the metoprolol group,and the ventricular rate decreased from 150±27 bpm to 95±18 bpm, with a mean decrease by 35%. 3 and 2 patients developed asymptomatic hypotension respectively. No patient developed worsening of HF due to diltiazem, but one patient developed worsening of HF in metoprolol group. Conclusions Diltiazem and metoprolol are all efficacious and relatively safe to control the rapid ventricular rate in elderly HF patients with rapid atrial fibrillation.

Abstract:Aim To review the experience of the combined coronary artery by pass grafting (CABG) and cardiac valve operations of rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Methods There were mitral valve lesion in 8 patients,aortic valve lesion in 1, and one-coronary vessel disease in 7, two-coronary vessel disease in 2. Opertions include mitral valvo plasty in 2 patients, mitral valve replacement in 9 and aortic valve replacement in 1. The one-graft was present concomitantly in 7 patients, two-graft in 2. Results There were no hospital postoperative mortality. 9 patients were followed up from 3 to 32 months. Angina disappeared in 7 of 9 patients. Conclusions CABG and cardiac valve operation should be performed concomitantly when coronary artery diseases and cardiac valvular disease present simultaneously. To strength the myocardial protection, shortening of myocardial ischemic time are the important measures to improve the operation effects.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) SNP4 and S19W of the apolipoproteiin AⅤ (ApoAⅤ) gene possible association with serum lipids in Hunan Miao population. Methods 241 normal subjects were collected to detemine the genotypes by using polymerase reaction restriction fragments length polymorphisms. Results Only one genotype, 56C/C of S19W was found in 241 subjects. Three genotypes, -12238T/C, T/T and C/C of SNP4 were found in 241 subjects. Allelic frequencies of T and C were 0.45 and 0.55. The level of serum triglyceride (TG) in subjects with T/C genotype were significantly higher than those in subjects with other genotypes (T/C vs T/T vs C/C: 2.15±1.52 mmol/L vs 1.63±0.89 mmol/L vs 1.41±0.84 mmol/L, p<0.05). The level of serum low density lipoprotein (LDL) in subjects with T/C genotype was significantly higher than those in subjects with other genotypes too (T/C vs T/T vs C/C: 2.93±0.84 mmol/L vs 2.44±0.70 mmol/L vs 2.37±0.85 mmol/L, p<0.05). Conclusions S19W is not a polymorphism place in ApoAⅤ gene of Hunan Miao population. The polymorphism of SNP4 in ApoAⅤ gene is associated with level of serum lipids in Hunan Miao population. T/C type might be associated with higer level of serum TG and LDL (p<0.05).