Abstract:Aim To investgate the effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(G-CSF) on reendothelialization and neointimal hyperplasia in balloon injured carotid of rat,and explore its potential mechanism. Methods 36 Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham operation group(n=12),G-CSF group(n=12) and placebo group(n=12).The balloon-injured carotid model was established in G-CSF group and placebo group,G-CSF 100 μg/(kg·d)] was intraperitoneal injected in G-CSF group from the point at operation to 2 weeks after operation,saline was administrated in placebo group.After two weeks,the neointima/media area ratio(IA/MA),repair rate of injuried endothelium,the proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) positive cell ratio and nitric oxide(NO) release in vessel homogenate were detected in three groups.In addition,the ratio of CD34+VEGFR-2+ double positive cell was detected by FACS. Results Compared with the placebo group,the IA/MA and PCNA positive cell ratio were reduced(1.04±0.05 vs 1.67±0.07,21.3%±5.1% vs 34.4%±6.1%,respectively,P<0.05);repair rate of injuried endothelium and NO release increased(70.1%±4.6% vs 53.2%±3.8%,71.3±12.9 μmol/L vs 56.7±10.8 μmol/L,P<0.05) in G-CSF group.The ratio of CD34+VEGFR-2+ double positive cell of G-CSF group was higher than that of placebo group(0.954%±0.076% vs 0.379%±0.052%,P<0.05). Conclusions The results suggested that G-CSF may increase the ratio of EPC in peripheral blood by mobilizing the bone marrow,then improve the effect of repair rate of injuried endothelium and inhibit neointimal hyperplasia.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the effect and possible mechanisms of high pressure on the expression of E-selectin in vascular endothelial cells. Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were cultured under 0,120,150,180, 210 mmHg in a custom-made pressure incubator for 24 h or treated under 180 mmHg of static pressure for 0,3,6,12,24 h.Western blot,flow cytomety and immunofluorescence were used to detect the expression of E-selectin,inhibitor of nuclear factor kappaB alpha(IκBα) and nuclear factor kappaB(NF-κB) respectively. Results High pressure significantly up-regulated the level of E-selectin.E-selectin level was increased about 1.5 times at 180 mmHg for 24 h,IκBα was downregulated more than 2 times following 180 mmHg culturing for 6 h and 12 h,NFκB was transferred from cytoplasm to nuclear by 180 mmHg culture for 24 h. Conclusion High pressure significantly upregulates E-selectin expression by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the effect of hyperhomocysteinemia on the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in coronary endothelial artery cells in rats with hyperhomocysteinemia induced by excess methionine ingestion. Methods Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=6 for each group): Control group,High methionine group,High methionine+folate group and High cysteine group.They were fed with normal diet,normal diet enriched by 1.7% methionine,and normal diet plus 1.7% methionine and 0.006% folate,normal diet with 1.2% cysteine,respectively,for 6 weeks.The levels of total plasma homocysteine were measured by high performance liquid chromatography and the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 on coronary endothelial artery cells of rats was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results A high-methionine diet for 6 weeks induced hyperhomocysteinemia.The plasma homocysteine level was significantly higher in rats of High methionine group than in rats of Control group(P<0.01),and the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in coronary endothelial artery cells was also stronger.During supplementation of folate,normalization of homocysteine levels was accompanied by a marked reduction of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression in coronary endothelial artery cells in rats of High methionine+folate group(P<0.01),however,there were no significant differences in the plasma homocysteine and the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in coronary endothelial artery cells between the Control group and the High cysteine group. Conclusions Hyperhomocysteinemia may play an important role in atherogenesis of coronary artery via stimulation of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression in the coronary endothelial artery cells.

Abstract:Aim To investigate whether antihypertensive efficacy in patients with hyprtension was impacted by polymorphism and methylation of β1-adrenoreceptor (β1-AR) gene. Methods Three hundred hypertensive patients enrolled began taking metoprolol by the same dose;the genotype of their β1-AR gene by PCR-RFLP was tested to compare the antihypertensive efficacy among patients with different genotype.The methylation state in β1-AR gene detected by methylation specific PCR(MSP) from peripheral blood of patients with the same genotype was controlled by the subjects with normal blood pressure,to make a inquiry into the relationship between the modification and the antihypertensive response to metoprolol. Results Patients with Arg389Arg genotype got significant greater decrease in diastolic blood pressure as compared with Gly389Arg and Gly389Gly(8.0%±1.3% vs 4.0%±1.5% and 3.0%±1.1%,P<0.05);and the β1-AR gene from peripheral blood of all subjects was methylated. Conclusions Polymorphism at Gly389Arg of β1-AR gene was associated with antihypertensive response to metoprolol;the methylated modification on β1-AR gene from human peripheral blood was not found to be related to the response.

Abstract:Aim To investigate whether CXC ligand 16(CXCL16) expressions were controlled by interferon-gamma(IFN-γ) secreted by the activated T cells and the effect on lipid accumulation in the rat aortic smooth muscle cells(SMC). Methods The cells were grown to confluence and then incubated with different concentration of IFN-γ.The CXCL16 expression was identified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR);The effect of IFN-γ on oxidized low density lipoprotein(ox-LDL) uptake was identified by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) analysis. Results The CXCL16 mRNA expression was significantly increased after IFN-γ treatment;The rat aortic SMC lipid accumulation after IFN-γ treatment was increased in treated cells compared with untreated cells. Conclusion The T cell cytokine IFN-γ induces CXCL16 mRNA expression in rat aortic SMC and then leads to lipid accumulation in rat aortic SMC.

Abstract:Aim To explore and establish a new pig model of acute myocardial infarction. Methods Self-made copper-stents were implanted in left anterior descending coronary arteries of 16 pigs.Troponin I,echocardiography,coronary angiography,electrocardiogram and pathologic evaluation were performed to confirm AMI at one week after procedure. Results The model of myocardial infarction was successfully established in 14 of the 16 pigs and the success rate was 87.5%(14/16).One pig had sudden death at 8 hours and another died during anaesthesia at one week after procedure. Conclusion The method of establishing the pig model of myocardial infarction by implanting copper-stent in coronary artery is simple,convenient,safe and has a relatively high success rate and low mortality.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the effect of high glucose on CD36 expression in human vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMC) and on VSMC-derived foam cell formation. Methods VSMC was incubated with different dose of glucose (5,11,20 and 30 mmol/L) for one to seven days.Real time PCR and Western blot were used to measure the expression of CD36 in glucose treated-VSMC;Oil red O staining was used to measure the intracellular lipid accumulation. Results CD36 was expressed in human VSMC.The expression of CD36 mRNA and protein was induced by glucose in a doseand time-dependent manner.Correspondingly,lipid droplets in the cytoplasm of VSMC were detectable and were gradually increased. Conclusion High glucose enhances the expression of CD36 and intracellular lipid droplets accumulation in VSMC, then inducing VSMC-derived foam cell formation.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the change of aortic atherosclerosis and plasma adiponectin of apolipoprotein E knockout(ApoE-/-) mouse treated with piogitazone. Methods 9 male mice of C57BL,17 weeks aged,were fed with common food for 4 weeks as simple control group.In addition,31 same age male mice of ApoE-/-were fed with high fatty food for setting up atherosclerosis animal models,and these mice were divided into three groups at random including:model group only receiving high fatty food for 4 weeks,low-dose treated group receiving piogitazone administered via gastric tube at 10 mg/(kg·d) for consecutive 4 weeks,high-dose treated group receiving piogitazone administered via gastric tube at 20 mg/(kg·d) for consecutive 4 weeks.The change of aortic atherosclerosis and levels of plasma adiponectin,plasma lipids of all mice were analyzed. Results The plasma levels of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol in all ApoE-/-mice were significantly increased than those in control group(P<0.01);The plasma adiponectin level in model group was significantly decreased than that of control group,but the plasma adiponectin was elevated and the lesions of aortic atherosclerosis were inhibited in two treated groups,moreover,these change were more significant in highdose treated group(P<0.05). Conclusions Pioglitazone inhibits aortic atherosclerosis in ApoE-/-mice,and these effects may be related to plasma adiponectin level increasing.

Abstract:Aim To construct recombinant adenovirus vector containing human apoliproprotein AⅠ(apoAⅠ) gene and to explore the expression of human apoAⅠ in mice and establish human apoAⅠ overexpressing mice model. Methods Full length apoAⅠ cDNA was obtained from recombinant plasmid pDNR-LIB-apoAⅠ-PA via digestion with SalⅠ and HindⅢ and was subcloned into the pShuttle vector pshuttle CMV to construct a shuttle plasmid pshuttle CMV-AⅠ.Then it was co-transformed into E.coli BJ5183 with adenovirus genomic plasmid pAdEasy-1 to achieve homologous recombination pAd CMV-AⅠ.The DNA of identified recombinant plasmid was transfected into HEK293 cells via liposome mediation to package and amplify adenovirus AdV-AⅠ.BALB/c mice was administrated by purified adenovirus,then human apoAⅠ protein in the serum of mice was detected by double immunodiffusion,immunological turbidity kit and Western blotting. Results The titer of purified virus was 4.0 ×1013pfu/L.The over-expression of human apoAⅠ was observed after administration of BALB/c mice with adenovirus particles.Human apoAⅠ concentration in mice serum reached 740±110 mg/L at 1 day after administration of adenovirus particles. Conclusion The recombinant adenovirus AdV-AⅠ was successfully constructed and human apoAⅠ was detected in the serum of mice.The mice model of overexpressing human apoAⅠ was established.This result lays the foundation for further study to investigate the beneficial effects of apoAⅠ on endotoxemia.

Abstract:Aim To study protective effect and the anti-oxidize mechanism of Astragaloside on viral myocarditis in mice with CVB3. Methods Fifty Balb/c mice were randomized into five groups(n=10): normal control group,given 0.1 mL of EMEM by intraperitoneal injection,were teated with saline 0.1 mL with gavage after 30 minities of injection for 1 week;viral myocarditis Control group,inoculated intraperitoneally with 0.1 mL of 1×102 TCID50 CVB3 diluted in Eagle's minimal essential medium(EMEM) solution were given saline 0.1 mL with gavage after 30 minities of injection for 1 week;Astragaloside lowdose intervention group,middle-dose intervention group and high-dose intervention group,inoculated intraperitoneally with 0.1 mL of 1×102 TCID50 CVB3 diluted in Eagle's minimal essential medium(EMEM) were treated with 1%,3% and 9% astragaloside 0.07,0.2 and 0.6 g/(kg·d),respectively] 0.1 mL solution after 30 minetes of injection,respectively with gavage for 1 week.Survival number,score of pathological changes,GSH-PX,CAT,SOD and CuZn-SOD-mRNA of myocardium were detected. Results The survival number was significantly improved in Balb/c mice treated with high dose astragaloside group than that in viral myocarditis control group(P<0.01).Heart function was better in high-dose intervention group than in the viral myocarditis control group,the activity of GSH-PX,CAT,SOD and CuZnSOD -mRNA levels was enhanced and heart function was improved in group high dose astragaloside group than in viral myocarditis control group(P<0.01). Conclusion The results showed that astragaloside can provide protection against viral myocarditis.This protective effect of astragaloside may be related to the maintenance of the antioxidant status of the heart in improving myocardial antioxidant enzymes activity .

Abstract:Aim To study the cerebral hemodynamics and influencing factor by using multislice CT perfusion imaging in early acute cerebral infarction. Methods Seventeen patients doubted with cerebral infarction by routine CT scan with negative results underwent CTPI and CTA within 6 hours. CTPI with cerebral blood flow(CBF),cerebral blood volume(CBV) and time to peak(TTP) were observed and evaluated.All cases were followed-up with CT or MRI after 2 to 7 days. Results The CBF,CBV at gray and white matter in ischemic region were lower than that in opposite side in early acute cerebral infarction patients(P<0.05).The CBF at gray matter in opposite side in patients was lower than that in control group,the CBV,TTP at gray matter and CBF,TTP at white matter in opposite side in patients were higher than that in control group(P<0.05).The age of patients and the cerebral hemodynamics was correlated in early acute cerebral infarction patients(CBF r=-0.707,CBV r=-0.658) (P<0.05). Conclusion The cerebral hemodynamics were changed not only in ischemic region but also in opposite side in early acute cerebral infarction patients.The age of patients acts as an importment influencing factor in ischemic region in early acute cerebral infarction patients.

Abstract:Aim To study the displacement,strain and strain rate of abdominal aorta by tissue tracking and strain rate imaging imaging(SRI) in healthy person and patients with coronary heart disease(CHD).To analyse the correlation between the everity of coronary artery lesions and the kinetic character of abdominal aorta. Methods Tissue tracking and SRI measured by GE Vivid ultrasound diagnostic apparatus were performed in 69 patients with CHD and 70 healthy subjects.All of the patients had accepted coronary angiography and the diagnoses of CHD were confirmed.Patients with CHD were divided into single branch coronary artery lesions group and multi-branch coronary artery lesions group. Results There were significant difference between healthy person and patients with CHD at the displacement of anterior and posterior wall in abdominal aorta,maximum strain of posterior wall in abdominal aorta,the systolic peak strain rate of anterior wall in abdominal aorta and the systolic peak strain rate,the early diastolic peak strain rate and the late diastolic peak strain rate of posterior wall in abdominal aorta.There were also significant difference between single branch and multi-branch coronary artery lesions group at the displacement,strain and strain rate of of anterior and posterior wall in abdominal aorta abdominal aorta. Conclusion The displacement,strain and strain rate of abdominal aorta have prognosticate value for CHD and agreed with the severity of coronary artery lesions in patients with CHD.

Abstract:Aim To analyse risk factors of intracranial vascular stenosis in patients with cerebral infarction. Methods 186 patients with cerebral infarction were assessed by transcranial Doppler.Uric acid(UA) and lipids including total cholesterol(TC),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDLC),high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDLC) and triglyceride(TG) were examined. Results TC(5.04±1.23 mmol/L) and LDLC(2.99±1.01 mmol/L) were significantly higher in patients of stenosis group compared with nonstenosis group(4.60±1.12 mmol/L and 2.59±0.69 mmol/L respectivly,P<0.05).Pearson analysis showed that intracranial vascular stenosis correlated with hypertension(r=0.206,P=0.005),diabetes(r=0.238,P=0.001),TC(r=0.181,P=0.016),LDLC(r=0.227,P=0.003) and UA(r=0.132,P=0.016).Significant independent predictors of intracranial vascular stenosis by multivariate analysis included hypertension(OR=2.345,P=0.026),diabetes(OR=2.554,P=0.024),LDLC(OR=1.764,P=0.009) and UA(OR=1.006,P=0.007). Conclusions Except for hypertension and diabetes,UA and LDLC might be independent predictors of intracranial vascular stenosis in patients with cerebral infarction.

Abstract:Aim To study the association between pulse pressure index(PPI) and serum insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1) in aged cases with essential hypertension(EH). Methods To detect serum IGF-1,and to calculate pulse pressure index in 132 aged cases in physical examination.Two groups were divided into EH group (99cases) and control group(33 cases).The EH group were divided into two sub-groups according to the PPI: normal PPI sub-group(PPI≤0.5) and high PPI subgroup(PPI>0.5).The difference of the IGF-1 and other data between two groups was compared.The relativity between PPI and other data in two groups was calculated with Pearson linear correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. Results There were no obvious difference of the levels of IGF1 between two groups and between two sub-groups(P>0.05).Pearson linear correlation analysis showed that there was no correlation between PPI and IGF-1 in EH group.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age was the independent influence factor of PPI(P=0.006)in EH group.In control group,Pearson linear correlation analysis showed that there was negative correlation between PPI and IGF-1(r=-0.736,P=0.000) and multiple linear regression analysis showed that IGF-1 was the independent influence factor of PPI(P=0.003). Conclusions In aged EH patients,there was no correlation between PPI and serum IGF-1.In healthy old people,there was negative correlation between PPI and serum IGF-1.

Abstract:Aim To study the relationship between the serum osteoprotegerin(OPG) levels and macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes. Methods 88 type 2 diabetes were divided into macrovascular complications group and no macrovascular complications group.The clinical and biochemical data of all subjects were recorded and fasting serum OPG levels were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Results The serum OPG level in type 2 diabetes with macrovascular complications was 4.12±0.64 ng/L,which was significantly higher than that of no macrovascular complications group(2.78±0.59 ng/L) and control group(2.29±0.37 ng/L,P<0.01).The serum OPG level in type 2 diabetes was positively correlated with fasting plasma glucose(FPG),2 h plasma glucose(2hPG),glycosylated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c),homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR) and high sensitive C reactive protein(hs-CRP)(P<0.05).The Logistic regression analysis showed the macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes had significant correlation with serum OPG,FPG and hs-CRP. Conclusions The correlation between higher serum OPG level and macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes suggests OPG may play an important role in the pathogenesis of macrovascular complications.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the relationship between concentrations of apolipoprotein M and coronary artery lesions in patients with coronary heart disease(CHD). Methods According to coronary angiography,73 patients with CHD were enrolled as CHD group and 47 non-CHD patients as control group.Enzyme-linked immuosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to measure the serum apolipoprotein M levels.The serum levels of apolipoprotein M in CHD patients were compared with control group;The serum levels of apolipoprotein M were compared in the different quantity and severity of coronary artery lesions. Results The serum concentrations of apolipoprotein M in CHD patients(10.12±1.79 mg/L)were significantly lower than in the controls(11.69 ±2.02 mg/L,P<0.01);The serum levels of apolipoprotein M were lower in multi-vessel coronary artery lesions group(9.19±1.22 mg/L) than in double-vessel(10.36±1.94 mg/L) and single-vessel group(11.22±1.69 mg/L);The serum apolipoprotein M levels of light-stenosis(11.39±1.58 mg/L),moderate-stenosis(10.14±1.46 mg/L),severe-stenosis group(9.04±1.30 mg/L) were decreased gradually;The serum levels of apolipoprotein M negatively correlated with the quantity(r=-0.485) and severity(r=-0.508) of coronary artery lesions(P<0.01). Conclusion Apolipoprotein M appears to play protective roles in prevention of atherosclerosis.

Abstract:Aim To explore the effect of short term intensive insulin therapy on stress-induced hyperglycemia and outcomes in patients with acute stroke. Methods 216 patients with acute stroke and stress-induced hyperglycemia were randomly divided into normal therapy group(n=108) and short term intensive insulin therapy group(n=108).The patients were maintained with normal glycemia(4.0～6.1 mmol/L).After seven days,the results were observed. Results Neural function defect level of intensive insulin therapy group was lowered compared with normal therapy group.The cure rate and obviows recovery rate in intensive insuline therapy group was higher than normal therapy group,and its bad change rate was lower(P<0.05). Conclusions Short term intensive insulin therapy can increase the curing rate and reduce mortality of patients with acute stroke and stress-induced hyperglycemia.The therapy has the important clinical meaning to improve prognosis.

Abstract:Aim To evaluate the morphology of in-stent restenosis after different kinds of stents. Methods 846 lesions of patients who performed intracoronary interventional therapy and had angiographic follow-up in our cath lab were included in this study.Restenosis types of different drug eluting stents(DES) were analysed too. Results The focal proximal edge restenosis was 5.69% and 33.67% in bare mental stent(BMS) and DES respectively(P=0.000);Whereas the diffuse lesion in stent was 29.27% and 9.18%(P=0.000);Proliferative restenosis was 20.33% and 6.12%(P=0.003);The rate of total occlusion restenosis was 9.76% and 10.20%(P=0.912),while in DES the occlusion formed at proximal segment,and in BMS it formed in stent;Focal proximal edge restenois lesion was 47.06% and 25.00% in sirolimus eluting stent and taxol eluting stent(P=0.037);The diffuse in stent restenosis was 1.96% and 16.67%(P=0.018). Conclusion DES changed the morphology of in-stent restenosis,from diffuse restenosis to focal restenosis;Total occlusion restenosis rate in two different stents were same,but occlusion formed at proximal segment more commonly in DES while at in-stent in BMS;The diffuse restenosis lesion were common in taxus stent than that in other DES.

Abstract:Aim To study the distribution feature on pulse pressure and the influence of the pulse pressure in patients with cerebral apoplexy in northern rural village. Methods Acohort study was carried out in a nature population(aged ≥35) of total 41 676 subjects in rural village of Liaoning province with blood pressure measurement in 2004.The frequency on different sex,age,level of blood pressure and the distribution feature of cerebral apoplexy in different pulse pressure levels were analysed. Result(1) The high frequency is 40～49 mmHg in different sex.(2)Frequency of high pulse pressure increased with blood pressure,the high frequency is 40～49 mmHg on normotensive,50～59 mmHg on BPI,70～79 mmHg on BPⅡ,and 80～89 mmHg on BPⅢ. There is no difference on different sex.(3)Frequency of high pulse pressure increased with age.(4)After correcting other factors,the prevelence rate is increased in pulse pressure 60～69 mmHg,and in no relation with systolic blood pressure. Conclusion Frequency of high pulse pressure increased with age or blood pressure.Pulse pressure 60～69 mmHg is an individual risky marker of cerebral apoplexy.