• Volume 16,Issue 5,2008 Table of Contents
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    • >EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
    • Hypercalcinemia Aggravates Vascular Calcification of Rat

      2008, 16(5):337-340.

      Abstract (1360) HTML (0) PDF 4.38 M (931) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Aim To study the effects of hypercalcinemia on vascular calcification of rat. Methods Arterial calcification of Sprague-Dawley rats was induced by vitamin D3 plus nicotine (VDN). Calcification was confirmed by von Kossa staining, measurerment of calcium content, 45 Ca2+ accumulation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of intracellular and vascular tissue. Semi-quantitative-reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was used to determine osteopontin(OPN, a marker of calcification) and β-actin mRNA level. Results The results showed that VDN treated rat showed a higher systolic pressure by 28% (P<0.05) than that in control rat. Von Kossa staining for calcification, showed strong positive staining as black/brown areas among the elastic fibers of the medial layer in calcified aorta. The aortic calcium content, 45 Ca2+ accumulation and ALP activity in calcified arteries were increased by 3.7-fold, 1.3-fold and 1.4-fold respectively (P<0. 01), compared with control. The amount of OPN mRNA in calcified aorta was elevated by 46% (P<0.01) compared with that of control. High dose calcium uptake increased plasma calcium content and decreased phosphate level (2.49±0.14 vs 2.20±0.12 and 1.25±0.05; 1.40±0.07, P<0.01) compared with control. There are no significant changes in aortic calcium content, 45 Ca2+ accumulation and ALP activity in high dose calcium treatment alone. However, high dose calcium can aggravate vascular calcification of rat treated with VDN. The aortic calcium content, 45 Ca2+ accumulation, ALP activity and OPN mRNA level were increased by 12% (P>0.05), 38%(P<0.01), 15%(P<0.01), and 34%(P<0.01), respectively, in rat treated with VDN and high dose calcium, compared with that in rat treated with VDN alone. Conclusions High dose calcium uptake can aggravate vascular calcification of rat.

    • Effects of Celastrol on the Expression of C-reactive Protein and Tissue Factor in the Aorta of ApoE Gene Knockout Mice

      2008, 16(5):341-344.

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      Abstract:Aim To investigate the effects of celastrol on the expression of C-reactive protein and tissue factor in the aorta of ApoE gene knockout mice with earlier atherosclerosis. Methods 8-week old male ApoE gene knockout mice were divided randomly into control group and celastrol treatment group (n=6 in each group). The mice in celastrol group were given celastrol 2 mg/(kg·d) by intraperitoneal injection for 4 weeks. The mice in control group were only given equivalent amount of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). HE staining of root aorta were used to observe the histomorphological change and measure the size of atherosclerotic plaque. The expression of C-reactive protein and tissue factor were detected by immunological histochemical method. Results The area of lipid plaque in the mice treated with celastrol was significantly smaller than that of the control (P<0.05). The value of plaque area/aorta cross section area was also significantly less than that of the control (P<0.05). The expression of C-reactive protein in the aortic wall and tissue factor in the atherosclerotic plaque were significantly lower in celastrol group compared with the DMSO control group (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively). Conclusions Celastrol may reduce the formation of atherosclerotic lesions by inhibiting inflammation and promote the stability of atherosc1erotic plaque by reducing the TF production.

    • Effects of Lipoprotein(a) Containing Immune Complexes on Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 and Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinase-1 in U937 Cells

      2008, 16(5):345-348.

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      Abstract:Aim To explore effects of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] containing immune complexes (IC) on matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) gene expression in U937 cells. Methods U937 cells were incubated with native, oxidized Lp(a) or Lp(a)-IC, respectively. mRNA expression of MMP-1 and TIMP-1 in U937 cells were measured by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PT-PCR). Results Normal U937 cells lowly expressed MMP-1 (0.076±0.012), but highly expressed TIMP-1(0.973±0.031). The expression of MMP-1 mRNA induced by nature, oxidized Lp(a), and nature, oxidized Lp(a)-IC were 0.361±0.016, 0.330±0.019, 0.106±0.006 and 0.089±0.008, respectively, while the expression of TIMP-1 mRNA were 0.229±0.017, 0.360±0.018, 0.157±0.025 and 0.967±0.031, respectively. Nature Lp(a) had no effect on expression of MMP-1and TIMP-1 mRNA. Oxidized Lp(a) can induce slightly expression of MMP-1 and markedly down-regulate expression of TIMP-1. Similarly, nature and oxidized Lp(a)-IC had significantly more effect on mRNA expression of MMP-1 and TIMP-1 than control (P<0.001). Moreover, their effect on MMP-1 and TIMP-1 expression changed in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion Lp(a)-IC stimulates the expression of MMP-1 mRNA and down-regulates the expression of TIMP-1 mRNA in U937 cells.

    • Increased Inflammatory Reaction in ApoE Deficient Mice with Diabetes

      2008, 16(5):349-352.

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      Abstract:Aim To investigate whether atherosclerotic plaque inflammation is increased and the related mechanisms in atherosclerotic plaques in diabetic apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Methods Male apolipoproteinE-deficient mice were injected with 60 mg/(kg·d)streptozotocin for 5 days to induce diabetes and mice with fasting glucose>10 mmol/L were included to diabetic mellitus group (n=8), control mice (n=8) were injected with citrate buffer. The levels of serum total cholesterol, glucose and advanced glycation end-products in apolipoproteinE-deficient mice were dectected in 8 and 22 weeks. The expression of receptor for advanced glycation end-products, cyclooxygenase-2, microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 and metalloproteinase-9 were determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Immunohistochemistry was also used to identify CD68+ macrophages, CD3+ T-lymphocytes, α-smooth muscle actin, CD31+ endothelia cells and collagen. Results Compared with control group, diabetic mellitus group had higher serum total cholesterol, glucose (P<0.01), and advanced glycation end-products(P<0.05) levels. Atherosclerotic plaques in diabetic apolipoproteinE-deficient had larger area and more macrophages, cyclooxygenase-2, microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1(P<0.05), Lipid, T-lymphocytes, receptor for advanced glycation end-products, and metalloproteinase-9 (P<0.01), reduced α-smooth muscle actin and collagen content (P<0.01). Conclusions These data suggest that diabetes mellitus is associated with enhanced inflammatory reaction, and these changes may contribute to increased instabability in diabetic plaques.

    • Analysis of Gene Expression Patterns in Atherosclerosis Induced by Intermittent Hypoxia

      2008, 16(5):353-356.

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      Abstract:Aim To investigate gene expression patterns of atherosclerosis (As) induced by intermittent hypoxia. Methods The total RNA were extracted from the aorta of rabbits and then reverse transcribed to make the probe. The probes hybridisate the gene chip from Afymetrix's company, the result signals were scanned by ScanArray HS-038 and analyzed by Microarray Suite Version 5.0. Results There was total 187 genes down-regulated or up-regulated, classified by cell signal transduction, immunology inflammatory response, extracellular matrix degrade, cell apoptosis, smooth muscle cell related, oncogene or tumor suppressor and cell migration. The expression level of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA in abdominal aorta was significantly associated with the change of abdominal aorta endarteropathy (P<0.05) . Conclusion The process of As induced by intermittent hypoxia is correlated to many genes, gene chip, the high-flux detecting technique can provide the new ideas for the mechanism research of As. COX-2 plays an important role in As.

    • The Effect of Adenovirus-Mediated Local Human Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor Gene on In-Stent Restenosis

      2008, 16(5):357-360.

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      Abstract:Aim To investigate the effect, safety and mechanism of adenovirus-mediated local human tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) gene on in-stent restenosis. Methods The ilio-femoral arteries of thirty six New Zealand white rabbits were inflated by balloon angioplasty catheter and implanted nickel titanium alloy self-expended stents. Adenovirus-mediated TFPI gene (Ad-TFPI), bacterial β-galactosidase gene (Ad-LacZ) and saline were irrigated for 20 minutes at the site of stents respectively. At the day of 3, 7 and 28 after injuried, experimental arteries were harvested and studied the targets such as the exogenous gene transfer rate and expression were studied, and immunohistochemistry staining (proliferating cell nuclear antigen,PCNA), TUNEL assay (terminal dUTP nick-end labeling to detect apoptotic cells), histomorphometry and blood biochemical detection were used. Results Genes were transferred and expressed successfully. Compared with Ad-LacZ and saline groups, Ad-TFPI group's vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation rate was significantly decreased (P<0.05 ) and VSMC apoptosis rate was significantly increased on the 7th day (P<0.05). The mean neointimal area, the ratio of the neointimal to medial areas, and percent of stenosis in the TFPI group were all significantly reduced compared with the control groups (P<0.05). The main organs and blood biochemical indicators of the treated animals were not changed in all groups. Conclusions Ad-TFPI gene transfer significantly reduced neointimal hyperplasia, suppressed cell proliferation, induced cell apoptosis without systemic side effects.

    • The Mechanism Study on Acupuncture Affecting Atherosclerosis in the Type 2 Diabetic Rats

      2008, 16(5):361-364.

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      Abstract:Aim To study effects of acupuncture on atherosclerosis in the model type 2 diabetic rats. Methods The model of type 2 diabetic rats was made and divided into three groups at random: the diabetic rats without treatment, the diabetic rats with acupuncture-treatment and the normal rats. 40 days later, the blood samples were collected to exam. With the help of microscope, we observed how atherosclerosis occurred and examed expression of inflammatory factors in the blood and artery walls. Results (1)The fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting plasma insulin (FINS) and HomaIR for the groups of diabetic rats without treatment, the diabetic rats with acupuncture-treatment and the normals have been down, while HBCI has raised (P<0.01,P<0.05) in turn. (2)Although plasma triglycerides (TG), the total cholesterol (TC), the Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), free fatty acid(FFA), nitric oxide(NO), TNF-α, IL-6, CRP, PAI-1 of the diabetic rats with acupuncture-treatment were obviously lower than that of the diabetic rats without treatment,these datas had no differences between the diabetic rats with acupuncture-treatment and the normal controls. The high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) of the diabetic rats with acupuncture-treatment is obviously higher than that of the diabetic rats without treatment. (3)The expression of TNF-α, IL-6 in the artery walls of the diabetic rats without treatment were much more higher than the diabetic rats with acupuncture-treated and the normal controls(P<0.01). But the datas of the diabetic rats with acupuncture-treatment had no statistical difference in comparison with the normal controls(P>0.05). (5)With the help of microscope, the formation of artery fatty streak-lesions and vaculation cells, transformation and transference of smooth muscle cell as well as the formation of fibrous caps in the artery walls of the diabetic rats without treatment could be observed. While endothelial cell contraction and fibroelastosis could be only seen in the artery walls of the diabetic rats with acupuncture-treatment. Conclusions (1)Inflammation is one of the factors that advanced the development of artheroscierosis(2)The acupuncture may improve diabetes atherosclerosis obviously,its mecha-nism is possibly associated with the decreacing of inflammation and the nitric oxide, the glycerin, the low density lipoprotein, the free fatty acids,insulin.

    • Protective Effects of Lovastatin on Endothelial Impairment Induced by Homocyteine Thiolactone in Rat Isolated Aorta

      2008, 16(5):365-368.

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      Abstract:Aim To explore the protective effect of lovastatin on endothelial dysfunction induced by homocysteine thiolactone (HTL) and potential mechanism. Methods 90 min after the co-incubation of aorta rings with various agents, both the acetylcholine (Ach) -induced endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced endothelium-independent relaxation of aortic rings were examined, and the biochemical parameters including content of malondialdehyde (MDA), level of nitric oxide (NO) and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in vascular tissue were also measured. Results After incubation with HTL for 90 minutes, Ach-induced EDR was significantly decreased, while SNP-induced endothelium-independent relaxation was not affected. HTL also markedly reduced the levels of NO and SOD activity, and increased the content of MDA in rat aorta tissue, compared with normal control group (P<0.05). The lovastatin 10, 20 and 40 μmol/L improved the EDR, the Emax was increased from 39.72%±1.91% to 54.84%±1.89%, 66.25%±1.93%, 80.12%±1.32% respectively; half effective concentration (EC50) was decreased from 230.45±13.42 nmol/L to 145.34±13.19 nmol/L, 126.93±12.91 nmol/L, 109.16±14.20 nmol/L respectively; while the NO level was increased from 0.26±0.04 mmol/g to 0.51±0.05 mmol/g, 0.67±0.03 mmol/g, 0.88±0.04 mmol/g; The lovastatin also decreased the MDA level and maintained SOD activity induced by HTL in rat aorta compared with alone HTL group (P<0.05 or 0.01). However, the incorporating of lovastatin with L-NAME abolished the protective effect of lovastatin on endothelial function damaged by HTL. SOD, the antioxidant NAC and the nitric oxide precursor L-arginine also ameliorated the impaired EDR induced by HTL. Conclusion Lovastatin can protect from endothelial function injury by HTL. The mechanism may be related to protecting release of NO and suppressing the generation of oxygen-free radicals.

    • Influence of Lipoprotein (a) in Transgenic Watanabe Heritable Hyperlipidemic Rabbit's Coronary Atherosclerosis

      2008, 16(5):369-372.

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      Abstract:Aim To evaluate the long-term effects of lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] on the development of coronary atherosclerosis in Wahanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbits, to further study the mechanism of Lp(a) in the process of atherosclerosis. Methods Generated human apolipoprotein (a) [apo(a)] transgenic (Tg) WHHL rabbits were compared with non-Tg WHHL rabbits aged 24 months (fed a standard chow diet). Plasma levels of Lp (a), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoproteins cholosterol (HDLC) and plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured using the methods. Area of intimal lesion and stenosis degree were measured by histologically staining and the components in the lesions were analyzed using immunohistochemical staining. Result The mean levels of human Lp(a) in Tg rabbit plasma were 9.1±3.5 nmol/L at 24 months. Compared to non-Tg WHHL rabbits, Tg WHHL rabbits did not show significant changes in plasma TC, TG, or HDLC. However, Tg WHHL rabbits showed 3.5-fold increased lesions in right coronary arteries than non-Tg WHHL rabbits (P<0.05). Increased lesion size in RCA of Tg WHHL rabbits did not result in a proportional increase of lumen stenosis in RCA (26.9±6.6% in non-Tg vs 27.7±5.0% in Tg), suggesting that compensational remodeling occurred as the diameter of RCA of Tg WHHL rabbits were markedly increased (1.8±0.6 mm2 in non-Tg vs 5.3±1.1 mm2 in Tg, P<0.05). Human apo (a) immuno-reactive proteins were focally present in the lesions of Tg WHHL rabbits and associated with apolipoprotein B, but mainly located around the extracellular matrix rather than associated with macrophages. Cellular components accounted for less than 10% of the lesions and there were no difference between non-Tg and Tg WHHL rabbits. Three Tg rabbits (33%) and one non-Tg WHHL rabbits (9%) which had apparently extensive myocardial infarction lesions were detected. Conclusion Increased plasma levels of Lp (a) enhance the coronary atherosclerosis in the setting of hypercholesterolemia.

    • Evaluation of Liver Histological Lesions of Atherosclerosis Models in New Zealand White Rabbits

      2008, 16(5):373-375.

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      Abstract:Aim To evaluate liver histological lesions of atherosclerosis animal models induced by high lipid diet in New Zealand White rabbits. Methods Normal male New Zealand White rabbits (n=14) were randomly divided into two groups: control group (n=6) and atherosclerosis group (n=8). Atherosclerosis was induced by high lipid diet (92% normal rabbit chow with 2% cholesterol and 6% lard). Rabbits were sacrificed at the end of week 10. Serum aminotransferase, lipid levels and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels were examined dynamically and morphology changes in ascending aortas and livers were observed. The intima-to-media (I/M) ratio of ascending aortas was also measured. Results The levels of serum aminotransferase, lipid and FPG levels in atherosclerosis group were significantly higher than those of control group (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the livers presented the pathology of hepatic steatosis and steatohepatitis in atherosclerosis group, and ascending aortas showed typical atherosclerosis changes. The mean I/M ratio in ascending aortas of atherosclerosis group (1.13±0.32) was higher than control group (0.12±0.04, P<0.05). Conclusion High lipid diet can induce an ideal rabbit model of atherosclerosis, and also induce severity liver histological lesion, and may be a right method to create the rabbit model in researching the relationship between fatty liver and atherosclerosis.

    • >CLINICAL RESEARCH
    • A Study on the Association Between the Therapeutic Effect of Captopril,Induced Cough and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Gene I/D Polymorphism and Its Possible Mechanism

      2008, 16(5):376-380.

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      Abstract:Aim To investigate whether the I/D polymorphism of angiotensin converting enzyme gene is associated with the therapeutic effect of catopril and the incidence of induced cough, and to explore the possible mechanism if there is indeed an association between them. Methods The angiotensin converting enzyme genotypes were detected in 186 patients with essential hypertension and were classified as DD, II and ID groups. All the paitents have taken catopril 25 mg Bid for 8 weeks. Except that 20 patients were lost to follow up, all the patients were visited every week to observe the change of blood pressure and the incidence of induced cough. Angiotensin converting enzyme was determined by ultraviolet spectrometry before and after treatment, and substance P was determined by radioimmunoassay. The thepapeutic effect, incidence of induced cough and the difference in angiotensin converting enzyme and substance P were compared among the three genotypes, and the possible correlation was anlyzed. Results There was no distinct difference in the blood pressures before treatment, after treatment, desending range and therapeutic effective power among the three groups (P>0.05). 68 patients presented induced cough. The angiotensin converting enzyme II genotype had an incidence of 57.1%, which was significantly higher than ID and DD genotypes (P<0.05). There was significant difference in the level of angiotensin converting enzyme before treatment among the three groups (P<0.001): DD genotype was much higher than ID and II (P<0.001); and ID genotype was much higher than II (P<0.001). The results after treatment were similar to that before treatment. The trend of the level of substance P was II>ID>DD before and after treatment, but no significant difference was found among them (P>0.05). The substance P was negatively related with angiotensin converting enzyme (r=-0.652, P<0.001). Conclusion There is no distinct conrrelation between the therapeutic effect of captopril and angiotensin converting enzyme gene I/D polymorphism. The patients of angiotensin converting enzyme II genotype have a higher incidence of induced cough after taking captopril. Low level of angiotensin converting enzyme is a key factor of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor related cough in patients with hypertension, and substance P is an important substance in the occurrence of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor related cough.

    • Amount and Activity of Endothelial Progenitor Cells from Prepheral Blood in Patients with Coronary Heart Diseases

      2008, 16(5):381-384.

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      Abstract:Aim To investigate the isolation and culture of endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) from peripheral blood in patients with coronary heart diseases (CHD), and to determine cell shape, amount, activity and clusters. Methods Mononuclear cells were isolated from peripheral blood of patients with CHD by Ficoll-density contrifugation. The isolated cells were cultured in 1640 medium supplemented with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). The EPC specific surface mark CD34 and KDR were assessed by fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis. EPC were characterized as adherent cells double positive for Dil marked acetylated low density lipoprotein (acLDL-Dil) uptake and lectin binding by direct fluorescent staining under a laser scanning confocal microscope. EPC proliferation were assayed by MTT assay. Results The number of EPC was significantly reduced in patients with CHD compared with control subjects (23.1±1.8 vs 56.7±2.4, P<0.05), and the number of cell clusters was also reduced in patients with CHD compared with control subjects (14.7±2.5 vs 24.2±1.7, P<0.05). The proliferation was also impaired in patients with CHD. Conclusion EPC were cultured and differentiated at specific conditions derived from mononuclear cells of peripheral blood.

    • Diagnostic Values of Magnetic Resonance Angiography,Color Doppler Ultrasonography and Transcranial Doppler in Transient Ischemic Attacks

      2008, 16(5):385-388.

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      Abstract:Aim To investigate the diagnostic values of magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), color Doppler ultrasonography and Transcranial Doppler (TCD) in patient with Transient ischemic attacks (TIA). Methods 90 patients with TIA were examined by MRA, color Doppler ultrasonography and TCD. Results MRA showed 76 patients had intracranial or extracranial arteries stenosis or occlusion. 27.8% (25/90)of the cases had either extracranial artery stenosis or occlusion. 24.4% (22/90)of the cases had either intracranial artery stenosis or occlusion. 32.2% (29/90)of the cases had multiple intra-and extracranial arteries stenosis or occlusion. In ICA-TIA group, there were much more cases had only intracranial artery stenosis or occlusion than VB-TIA group (P<0.01). However, there were fewer cases with multiple intra-and extracranial arteries stenosis than VB-TIA group (P<0.05). There were almost equal cases with extracranial arteries stenosis in both group. In general, there were more patients with extracranial arteries stenosis or occlusion than intracranial arteries (54.1% vs 45.9%). In ICA-TIA group, there were slightly more intracranial arteries stenosis than extracranial arteries (53.3% vs 46.7%). However, there were much more extracranial arteries stenosis than intracranial arteries (64.1% vs 35.9%) in VB-TIA group. The difference was significant (P<0.05). Carotid or vertebral arteries stenosis or occlusion were detected by color Doppler ultrasonography in 45 cases and 73 cases were found to have plaques. Carotid arteries stenosis or occlusion were detected by MRA, color Doppler ultrasonography. Abnormalities of intracranial arteries were detected by TCD in 72 cases (80%). Conclusion MRA, color Doppler ultrasonography and TCD are useful in the evalution of etiological factors and must be examined to guide the treatment for patients with TIA.

    • The Effect of Helicobacter Pylori Infection on Plasma Lipid and High Sensitive C Reactive Protein Levels in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease

      2008, 16(5):389-391.

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      Abstract:Aim To investigate the effect of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection on plasma lipid and high sensitive C reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods 159 CHD patients were recruited for this study. And plasma fibrinogen, plasma lipid, plasma urine acid and hs-CRP were examined in all subjects. Expiratory test were executed in all subjects. All subjects were divided into negative infection group, slight infection group and serious infection group. Results In patients with Hp infection, plasma hs-CRP, total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) were significantly higher, but triglyceride (TG) level was lower, compared with negative infection group (P<0.05); Plasma hs-CRP was significantly higher in serious infection group than in slight infection group (P<0.05). Conclusion Hp infection may increase vascular inflammatory reaction through lipid metabolic disturbance. There maybe have higher cardiovascular events rates in CHD patients with Hp infection.

    • Effect of Stent Implantation on the Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease

      2008, 16(5):392-394.

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      Abstract:Aim To explore the effect of percutaneous coronary intervention on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in the patients with coronary heart disease. Methods Fifty patients with coronary heart disease were selected. There were 25 cases undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention and 25 cases undergoing coronary angiography and bypass graft surgery. Venous blood samples were obtained before and after coronary angiography or 1 day before and l, 10, 30 days after percutaneous coronary intervention. Plasma concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase-2 were determined by enzyme linked immunoassay. Results There were no significant differences in matrix metalloproteinase-2 concentrations of coronary angiography group at each time point (P>0.05). The concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase-2 were significantly increased on days 1, 10, and 30 after percutaneous coronary intervention, and those on day 10 were higher than on 1 day (P<0.05), and on 30 day were higher than on 10 day (P<0.01). The concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in patients of type B were significantly higher than in patients of type A (P<0.05), and in patients of type C were higher than in patients of type B (P<0.05). The concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in patients with two diseased vessels were significantly higher than in patients with single diseased vessel (P<0.05), and in patients with three diseased vessels were higher than in patients with two diseased vessels (P<0.05). Conclusions Coronary angiography does not influence matrix metalloproteinase-2 expressions. Stent implantation can lead to increases in matrix metalloproteinase-2. The increases of matrix metalloproteinase-2 are correlated to the degree of coronary stenosis.

    • The Relationship Between Sex Hormone Levels and Coronary Heart Disease in Diabetic Men

      2008, 16(5):395-396.

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      Abstract:Aim To investigate the relationship between sex hormone levels and coronary heart disease (CHD) in diabetic men. Methods The serum testosterone (T) and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), lipids, glucouse were assayed. Blood pressure, body mass index (BMI) were studied in 102 cases of diabetic men, inclnding 58 cases with CHD, and 44 cases without CHD (NCHD). Results Serum levels T and SHBG were decreased significantly, the differences of BP, lipids, BMI remained statistically significant, but serum glucose had no statistically significant difference in CHD compared with fast NCHD. Conclusion Diabetic men with CHD have significant lower levels of T and SHBG than without CHD. Lower levels of sex hormone is an important risk factor of CHD in diabetic men.

    • Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in the Elderly Patients Above Seventy Years Old with Coronary Heart Disease

      2008, 16(5):397-398.

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      Abstract:Aim To discuss the characteristics and experience of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in the elderly patients above seventy years old with coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods There were 62 cases of patients with CHD over 70 years old. The operative techniques and postoperative management of CABG were analyzed retrospectively. Results Three cases were postoperatively died and the mortality rate is 5%. The postoperative main complications were cardiac arrhythmias, low cardiac output syndrome and pulmonary infection. Conclusion CABG for patients over 70 years old could alleviate the symptom,relieve anginapectoris and improve life quality. The mortality rate of these patients is not higher than that of other patients. Special attention should be paid to the management of preoperative complications such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension and the management of postoperative cardiac and respiratory function.

    • >EPIDEMIOLOGICAL RESEARCH
    • Functional Polymorphisms in Epithelial Na Channel γ Subunit and Neural Precursor Cell Expressed Developmentally Down Regulated 4-like Gene and Essential Hypertension in Uyghur Population

      2008, 16(5):399-402.

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      Abstract:Aim To investigate the relationship between two functional polymorphisms: rs5718 at epithelial Na channel γsubunit (SCNN1G) gene and rs4149601 at neural precursor cell expressed developmentally down regulated 4-like (DEDD4L) gene and essential hypertension in Uyghur population. Methods A case-control study was performed in 344 hypertensive and 322 control subjects, which were randomly recruited from the rural area of Tulupan district. The body mass index (BMI) and waist hip ratio (WHR) was recorded. Fasting plasma glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol were measured. The two polymorphisms were genotyped by Taqman technique. Results The essential hypertension and control groups were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for both polymorphisms. The frequencies of GA, GG and A allele of rs5718 were 34.6%, 5.6% and 22.9% in hypertensives, respectively, which were 36.6%, 4.0% and 22.4% in controls. The frequencies of GA, GG and A allele of rs4149601 were 28.9%, 1.9% and 14.6% in hypertensives, which were 30.0%, 3.3% and 18.3% in controls, respectively. There were no significant differences of both genotype distribution and allele frequencies between hypertensive and control subjects in both polymorphisms, with or without adjusting for covariates age and gender in a logistic regression analysis. In further ANCOVA analysis, neither polymorphism was significantly associated with systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, BMI, WHR, glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels. Conclusions Our observation did not support an association of the two functional polymorphisms (rs5718 and rs4149601) with essential hypertension in Uyghur population.

    • The Risk Factors of Carotid Intimia-Media Thickness and Atherosclerotic Plaque in Healthy Army People in Nanchang

      2008, 16(5):403-405.

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      Abstract:Aim To investigate the situation and risk factors of carotid artery mean intima-media thickness (MIMT) and atherosclerotic plaques in healthy army people in Nanchang. Methods We performed high-resolution carotid arterial ultrasonography and routine blood detection in 800 healthy army people who were more than 30 years old in Nanchang. Results Mean intima-media thickness increased with age(P<0.01). The age-related increase trend of MIMT was different between male and female. There were no significant differences between gender except in 40-49 and 50-59 groups. The plaque formation rate was 28.00%(224/800), increased with age(P<0.01). The age-related increase trend of plaque formation rate was also different between male and female. There were no significant differences between gender except in 40-49 group. MIMT and atherosclerotic plaque were all independently related to age, gender and low density lipoprotein whose level was normal in usual criterion, while systolic blood pressure was independently related to MIMT only. The low density lipoprotein and systolic blood pressure were significantly higher in male than that in female in 40-49 group(P is less than 0.01and 0.05 respectively). Conclusion Age, gender and low density lipoprotein level were independent risk factors of MIMT and plaque formation while systolic blood pressure was only independently related to MIMT; The age-related increase trends of MIMT and plaque formation rate were significantly different between male and female. Gender difference could mostly be seen in 40-49 group.

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