Abstract:Aim To investigate the effects of cobra cardiotoxin-13 (CTX-13) on the apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and the expression of Bcl-2 family.Methods The effect of CTX-13 on HUVEC proliferation was analyzed by CCK-8 assay.The morphological changes were observed with Annexin V-FITC/PI staining.The DNA ploidy analysis and apoptotic rates assay were performed by flow cytometry.The expression level of Bcl-2 gene family was measured by RT-PCR and Western blotting.Results CTX-13 caused a dose-dependent decrease of cell viability and displayed several features of apoptosis including translocation of membrane phosphatidylserine and increase of sub G1 hypodiploid cell population.The apoptotic rates of HUVEC treated with CTX-13 concentrations of 0.3,0.75,1.5 μmol/L were 20.50%±2.62%,54.20%±4.93% and 93.40%±6.45%.CTX-13 up-regulated the mRNA expression of Bax about 4-fold as well as its protein expression,but did not affect the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL.Conclusions CTX-13 suppressed HUVEC proliferation significantly and induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner.CTX-13 up-regulated Bax in mRNA and protein level.It was probable the CTX-13 suppressed proliferation and induced apoptosis by up-regulating Bax.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the effect of Maixinkang on peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) derived foam cells,to approach Maixinkang possible regulation mechanism for artherosclerosis (As) foam cells.Methods The cultured VSMCs were loaded with oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and intervened by Maixinkang and Rosiglitazone.The expressions of PPARγ and ABCA1 mRNA were detected with hybridization in situ.Results Maixinkang and Rosiglitazone could raise PPARγ and ABCA1 mRNA,which were significant different to that in the isotonic Na chloride group and the blank group.Moreover,Maixinkang had difference with Rosiglitazone.Conclusions Maixinkang have effect of exciting PPARγ (P<0.01),it is surpass to Rosiglitazone (P<0.01).The molecule mechanism of anti-atherosclerosis is related with the channel of regulating PPARγ.As a new and higher specificity PPARγ excitomotory,Maixinkang is anticipated to supply more effective treatments for anti-atherosclerosis and lipid anomal-metabolism.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the effect of oxidized low density lipoprotein(ox-LDL) on Fractalkine expression in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and explore its mechanism.Methods HUVECs were isolated and cultured,the passage 2～5 cells were used in experiment.HUVEC were coincubated with different concentrations of ox-LDL (5,25,50 and 75 mg/L) for 48 h or with 50 mg/L ox-LDL for different times(6,12,24,48 and 72 h).SB203580(20 μmol/L),an inhibitor of p38MAPK activation,was pretreated for 60min before HUVEC were coincubated with 50 mg/L ox-LDL for 48 h.Fractalkine mRNA and protein expression were detected by RT-PCR or ELISA.The phosphorylation of p38MAPK was determined by Western blot.Results The expressions of fractalkine in HUVEC were upregulated by ox-LDL(5,25 and 50 mg/L) in a concentration-dependent manner and were increased by ox-LDL(50 mg/L) for 6,12,24,48 and 72 h in a time-dependent manner;Compared with control group,the phosphorylation of p38MAPK was increased significantly in ox-LDL group (P<0.05),SB203580 (20 μmol/L) decreased ox-LDL induced fractalkine expression.Conclusion ox-LDL stimulates the expression of fractalkine in a concentration and time dependent manner,p38MAPK activation may mediate ox-LDL induced fractalkine expression.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the effect of resveratrol on the secretion of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1) in activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC),and the expression of CC chemokine receptor 2(CCR2) gene in human monocyte cell line THP-1 cells.Methods The expression level of CCR2 gene was measured by semiquantitative reverse expression polymerase-chain reaction in THP-1 cells.HUVEC were activated with tumor necrosis factor-α after preincubation of resveratrol.Then the secretion of MCP-1 in the cultivate supernatant of HUVEC was investigated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results The expression of CCR2 gene was inhibited by 10 μmol/L and 50 μmol/L resveratrol in monocyte (0.19±0.02 and 0.06±0.02 vs 0.73±0.15,P<0.01).The inhibition was increased with the dosage of resveratrol(1 μmol/L,10 μmol/L and 50 μmol/L,P<0.01).The secretion of MCP-1 protein in activated HUVEC was suppressed by 10 μmol/L and 50 μmol/L resveratrol (9 663.33±927.38 ng/L and 2 822.17±472.47 ng/L vs 16 595.67±1 667.39 ng/L,P<0.01).The suppression was enhanced with the increased dosage of resveratrol(P<0.01).Conclusion Resveratrol can inhibit the expression of CCR2 gene in THP-1 cell and suppress the secretion of MCP-1 in activated HUVEC.Both effects are in a dose-dependent manner,which may actively suppress chemotaxis of mononuclear cells.It may contribute to resveratrol's anti-atherosclerosis effects.

Abstract:Aim To explore the effects of momordicin-28 on cholesterol efflux and expression of related genes in Caco-2 cell,and to illuminate the role of momordicin-28 in lowering cholesterol.Methods Caco-2 cells were divided into four groups:Caco-2 cell group (control group),Caco-2 cell model group (treat cell with cholesterol),Caco-2 cell model and momordicin-28 group (treat cell with cholesterol and momordicin-28) and Caco-2+ momordicin-28 group (treat cell with momordicin-28).TC was measured by HPLC.Gene and protein expression was analyzed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting,respectively.Results HPLC illustrated TC was lower in momordicin-28 treat group (P<0.05 or P<0.01).Oil red staining illustrated lipidoses of Caco-2 cell were higher in the model group than that in the momordicin-28 treat group.The expression of ABCG5 and ABCG8 mRNA and protein of momordicin-28 treat group were higher than other groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion Momordicin-28 can facilitate efflux of cholesterol from Caco-2 cell and up-regulate expression of ABCG5 and ABCG8 in Caco-2 cell.

Abstract:Aim To observe the effects of norepinephrine (NE) and α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist prazosin on Ca2+-ATPase activity and mRNA expression of PMCA1 in cultured thoracic aortic smooth muscle cells (ASMC) isolated from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).Methods ATPase activity in cultured ASMC was determined by spectrophotometry and mRNA expression of PMCA1 was measured by semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).The effects of different doses of NE and prazosin on ATPase activity and mRNA level of PMCA1 in ASMC were observed.Results NE(10-7 mol/L)significantly attenuated the ATPase activity(P<0.01) and mRNA expression of PMCA1(P<0.01).Compared with SHR control,10-5 mol/L and 10-6 mol/L prazosin attenuated the repressed effect of 10-7 mol/L NE on Ca2+-ATPase activity (P<0.05).10-6 mol/L prazosin could repress the effect of 10-7 mol/L NE on mRNA expression of PMCA1(P<0.05).The ATPase activity and mRNA expression of PMCA1 in ASMC had no alteration after intervened by prazosin(P>0.05).Conclusions NE can attenuate the ATPase activity and mRNA expression of PMCA1 which may be through the pathway of α1-AR and mediate the downregulation of genetic transcription.Prazosin can inhibit the effect of NE on attenuating the Ca2+-ATPase activity and mRNA expression of SHR ASMC through blocking the α1-AR pathway.Prazosin had no effect on the activity and mRNA expression of PMCA1.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the effect of atorvastatin on interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-induced rat vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration,nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and cathepsin S (Cat S) expression.Methods Rat VSMC were isolated and cultured from Sprague-Dawley rat thoracic aortas.The Boyden chamber test was used to measure the role of different concentrations of atorvastatin on the cell migration stimulated by IL-1β.The expression of Cat S and NF-κB in different groups was evaluated using the immunocytochemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Results Compared with that of normal group,the cell migration in IL-1β group was promoted,Cat S and NF-κB expression increased (P<0.01).1 μmol/L and 10 μmol/L atorvaststin could inhibit IL-1β-induced VSMC migration in a dose-dependent manner,so did in NF-κB and Cat S expression ( P<0.01).Conclusion Atorvastatin may decrease Cat S expression in VSMC through down-regulating NF-κB activation,which might inhibit the VSMC migration.

Abstract:Aim To observe the change of large arterial compliance and carotid atherosclerosis,explore the correlation between them in prehypertensive people.Methods 300 subjects each with prehypertension,high and normal blood pressue were selected randomly,and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (BaPWV),ankle-brachial index (ABI),carotid arteries intima media thickness (IMT) and plaque were observed.Results (1)BaPWV accelerates as the blood pressure elevate,prehypertensive group(1 390±171 cm/s) increased than in the normal group(1 293±151 cm/s,P<0.01),lower than the hypertensive group((1 652±291 cm/s,P<0.01);ABI in prehypertensive group(1.115±0.060) compared with normal blood pressure(1.114±0.061) had no difference,lower than in hypertensive group (1.132±0.067,P<0.01).(2) IMT thickening and plaque rate in prehypertension group compared with normal blood pressure group showed no statistical difference,but lower than the hypertensive group (P<0.01).Carotid common arteries IMT (CCA-IMT) in prehypertension(0.73±0.10 mm)and normal blood pressure group(0.72±0.12 mm)had no statistical difference,which were significantly thickened in high blood pressure group(0.78±0.16 mm,P<0.01).(3)PWV in people with carotid plaque increased than normal controls,in each subgroup (P<0.01).BaPWV was positively related to CCA-IMT(r=0.271,P<0.01),after adjustment of blood pressure the correlation still exists(r=0.156,P<0.01).Conclusion In prehypertension,arterial stiffness indicator BaPWV significantly increased,suggesting the existence of

Abstract:Aim To investigate the effects of simvastatin therapy on vascular endothelial function in patients with hyperlipidemia and its relationship to basic fibroblast growth factor.Methods 54 patients with hyperlipidemia were divided into two groups:simvastatin therapy group (28 patients,simvastatin 20mg daily for 8 weeks) and hyperlipidemia control group (26 patients).29 normal healthy subjects were examined as the normal control group.The flow-mediated dilatation of brachial artery can be evaluated using high resolution ultrasound assessment of changes in the brachial artery diameter of subjects.The content of serum basic fibroblast growth factor and nitric oxide were detected by using the enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay and enzyme reduction of nitrate,respectively.Total cholesterol,triglyceride,low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein for each group were measured by routine ways.Results This study showed that the percentage of flow-mediated dilatation increased and the content of serum nitric oxide and basic fibroblast growth factor were enhanced more significantly in simvastatin therapy group than that of hyperlipidemia control group (P<0.05).Compared with the hyperlipidemia control group,total cholesterol,triglyceride and low density lipoprotein decreased and high density lipoprotein increased in simvastatin therapy group (P<0.01).Conclusion Simvastatin can increase the content of serum basic fibroblast growth factor and nitric oxide,improve endothelial function of patients with hyperlipidemia.The effects of simvastatin therapy on improving vascular endothelial function might mainly relate to the decrease in the concentration of blood lipids.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the relation of pericardial adipose tissue(PAT) volumes to risk factors,presence of coronary artery disease,and severity of coronary atherosclerosis.Methods 221 consecutive patients who underwent dual-source 64-slice CT and diagnostic coronary angiography were studied.Each subject was measured in waist circumference,body mass index(BMI),blood biochemical index and was estimated in cardiac parameters.PAT volume was determined by dual source CT.Coronary angiograms were analyzed for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease(CAD).Gensini score was used for assessment of severity of coronary atherosclerosis.Results PAT volume was significantly higher in men than that in women(241.44 ± 78.08 cm3 vs 216.46 ± 64.36 cm3,P=0.025).PAT volume in patients with CAD was significantly higher than that in patients without CAD(242.10±75.80 cm3 vs 189.23±52.26 cm3,P<0.001).Logistic regression analysis revealed that PAT volume (OR=1.11) and BMI (OR=1.01) were independent factors affecting the presence of CAD (P=0.001).PAT volume was significantly associated with the number of coronary arteries with ≥50% stenosis and Gensini score.Conclusion Elevated PAT volumes was significantly correlated with traditional risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease,presence of coronary artery disease,and severity of coronary atherosclerosis.PAT volume may be a new index of assessing CAD risk and predicting the extent and activity of CAD.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the the protection effect of glutamine pretreatment on the cardiomyocyte of the patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement in cardiopulmonary bypass.Methods Sixty patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement under CPB were randomly divided into two groups:control group (n=30) and glutamine pretreatment group (n=30).The patients in glutamine pretreatment group had intravenous injection by drip with glutamine 0.5 g/kg through the peripheral vein,four days before operation,once a day.After endotracheal intubation,the same volume glutamine was injected through the centre vein at the operation day.Only the same volume of sodium chloride was injected in control group.The same anesthetic drug and plan were given in both groups.To examine serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI),the arterial blood samples were drawn at the following time point:after endotracheal intubation (T1),60 min (T2),6 h (T3),12 h (T4) and 24 h (T5) after aortic de-clamped.The right atrial tissue samples 1～2 g were taken for microscopic examination 30 min after aortic de-clamped.The amount of dopamine,sodium nitroprusside were used and the rate of spontaneous heart resuscitation in both groups were recorded.Results By light microscopy,histochemical staining showed that there were a great number of leucocyte infiltration in cardiac muscle and capillary vessel of the patients in control group,and the degree of leucocyte infiltration decreased in glutamine pretreatment group.The concentration of serum cTnI in both groups was increased significantly from T2 to T5 (P<0.05),and it reached to maximum at T4,but the value of the concentration of plasma cTnI at all time points was lower in glutamine pretreatment group except T1 than that in control group (P<0.05).Less dopamine was used in glutamine pretreatment group (P<0.05),while sodium nitroprusside used did not show significant difference in both groups.Conclusion Glutamine pretreatment has protection effects on the patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement in cardiopulmonary bypass.

Abstract:Aim To discuss the relationship between bone minerals density (BMD) and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) of postmenopausal patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).Methods 93 cases of postmenopausal patients with T2DM and 55 cases of control group were recruited.BMD on lumbar spine L1～4 and left femoral neck BMD were measured,and T2DM patients were divided into concurrent osteoporosis group (OP group) and non osteoporosis group (NOP group) according to BMD,with measuring carotid IMT,and collecting patients' age,duration of menopause and BMI etc.Results Comparing OP group with NOP group,the difference between age,duration of menopause,course of disease and BMI had statistical significance (P<0.01);compared with NOP group and control group,in OP group lumbar spine L1～4 and left femoral neck BMD decreased (P<0.01),carotid IMT thickens (P<0.01) and the plaque occurrence rate increased (P<0.05).Relative analysis showed that the lumbar spine L1～4 and left femoral neck BMD of T2DM group had negative correlation with age,duration of menopause,course of disease and carotid IMT,and positive correlation with BMI.Conclusion The BMD of postmenopausal patients with T2DM has certain relationship with carotid IMT.The postmenopausal patients with T2DM whose BMD is low are more susceptible to atherosclerosis.

Abstract:Aim By studying intravascular ultrasound(IVUS),coronary angiography (CAG) and the results of carotid body ultrasonic testing of carotid artery disease to analyze the relationship between carotid atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease,to further explore carotid atherosclerosis on the predictive value of coronary heart disease.Methods 38 cases of initial diagnosis for patients with coronary heart disease accepted CAG and IVUS examination,surface carotid artery ultrasound testing.8 patients with no significant coronary artery stenosis (non-coronary heart disease) were used as the control group;30 cases with significant coronary artery stenosis were divided into groups of coronary heart disease,including 18 cases of unstable angina pectoris (UAP) and 12 cases of stable angina pectoris (SAP).The results of carotid ultrasound indicators,CAG and IVUS examination were analyzed and compared.Results The average diameter stenosis rate of CAG was 71.21%±9.81% in 30 cases with coronary heart disease.IVUS showed that 30 cases of coronary heart disease in patients with different types of atherosclerotic plaque and the average rate of the narrow area was 80.88%±7.77%;There were significant difference between the average diameter stenosis rate of CAG and the average rate of the narrow area of IVUS (P<0.01);They also had significant correlation between the two indicators (r=0.663,P<0.01).It prompted that CAG underestimated the degree of stenosis of coronary lesions to some extent compared with IVUS.The coronary Gensini integral according to the calculation of CAG had a significant correlation with the carotid atherosclerosis grade integral,Crouse integral,plaque volume(P<0.01).Carotid artery plaque on the positive predictive value of coronary heart disease was 70%(21/30)and the negative predictive value was 75%(6/8).Conclusion It canclearly show the coronary artery wall structure and accurately diagnose coronary artery plaque on the nature,accurately measure the rate of coronary artery stenosis by application of the IVUS imaging.IVUS assessment of coronary artery disease is more accurate compared with CAG.There are very good correlation between the carotid atherosclerosis and the severity of coronary artery IVUS results.Carotid ultrasound detection has some predictive value to coronary heart disease.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the correlationship between the level of CXC ligand 16(CXCL16) and coronary artery disease,and severity of coronary artery stenosis.Methods A total number of 76 patients were enrolled in present study including three groups:acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients (n=29),stable angina pectoris (SAP) patients (n=26) and controls (n=21).Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to examine the concentration of serum soluble CXCL16.Gensini score system was applied to evaluate the narrow severity of coronary artery in ACS.Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test for the differences in means of serum CXCL16 among three groups.Logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between the level of serum CXCL16 and ACS.Spearman rank correlation coefficient was employed to assess the relationship between serum CXCL16 level and Gensini score.Results In patients with ACS the level of serum CXCL16 was significantly increased compared with control and SAP patients.The serum CXCL16 concentration was positively associated with ACS.No significant association was found between serum CXCL16 and high sensitivity C-reaction protein (hs-CRP) or serum lipid parameters.In ACS patients the increased level of serum CXCL16 was not linked to Gensini score.Conclusion Increased level of serum soluble CXCL16 was independently associated with ACS.The serum CXCL16 level was not associated with the severity of coronary artery stenosis.

Abstract:Aim To measure the serum adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP) levels in patients with and without coronary artery disease (CAD),trying to investigate the relationship between A-FABP and severity of coronary stenosis,risk factors of CAD.Methods The study cohort included 340 subjects who underwent coronary angiography.The severity of coronary artery stenosis was assessed by the numbers of involved coronary artery branches and the sum of the Gensini scores.Serum A-FABP levels were determined by enzyme-linked immuneosorbent assays.Results The levels of serum A-FABP were significantly higher in patients with three vessel lesions (18.6(13.8～24.0)μg/L) than those with single vessel lesion (17.5(13.5～20.3) μg/L,P<0.05) and those with non-lesions (16.4(13.5～20.4) μg/L,P<0.05).CAD patients tend to have higher A-FABP levels (18.3(13.2～22.8) μg/L) than non-CAD subjects (16.4(13.5～20.4) μg/L),but the difference did not reach statistical significance (P=0.088).Women had higher serum A-FABP level than men (20.0(16.9～23.9)vs 15.4(12.5～20.3)μg/L,P<0.05) and the difference in A-FABP were statistically significant between CAD patients and controls in females(22.8(18.6～25.7)μg/L vs 18.1(15.6～21.8) μg/L).Serum A-FABP levels were positively correlated with Gensini scores in both men (r=0.105,P<0.05) and women (r=0.405,P<0.01).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that serum A-FABP level was independently associated with Gensini scores in women (P=0.018),but not in man.A-FABP positively associated with triglyceride (TG)(r=0.187,P<0.01),fasting blood-glucose (FBG)(r=0.115,P<0.01) and high sensitivity C-reaction protein (hs-CRP)(r=0.135,P<0.05),and inversely with high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) (r=-0.168,P<0.01) and apolipoprotein(ApoA1)(r=-0.126,P<0.05).Conclusion Serum A-FABP levels could reflect the extent of coronary artery atherosclerosis,and it is associated with CAD more closely in females than in males.A-FABP might participate in glucose and lipid metabolic disorders.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the relationship between serum glucose concentration and left ventricular dysfunction after acute anterior myocardial infarction in non-diabetic patients.Methods A total of 123 non-diabetic patients diagnosed with acute anterior myocardial infarction was studied with admission glucose and echocardiography.According to admission glucose level,123 patients were divided into 3 groups:group 1 (G1),<7.8 mmol/L,52 cases;group 2 (G2),7.8-11.0 mmol/L,38 cases;group 3 (G3),>11.0 mmol/L,33 cases.Correlation between admission glucose level and parameters of echocardiogram was obtained using linear regression analysis,and the logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of heart failure.Results Compared with G1,the incidences of Killip class ≥Ⅱ was significantly higher in G2 and G3 (P<0.05 to P<0.01).Left ventricular end-diastolic volume index (EDVI) (P<0.05) and left ventricular end-systolic volume index (ESVI) (P<0.05 to P<0.01) were increased,but left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) (P<0.01) was lowered.Correlation analysis showed that admission glucose was positively correlated with creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB),EDVI and ESVI (r=0.251,0.181,0.232,P<0.05 to P<0.01),but inversely correlated with EF (r=-0.263,P<0.01).Logistic regression analysis showed that the admission glucose level was an independent prognostic factor for heart failure (OR=1.201,P=0.006).Conclusion Hyperglycemia on admission is an independent predicator of heart failure during hospitalization after acute anterior myocardial infarction in non-diabetic patients.

Abstract:Aim To analysis of patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome in 2008,and scale the gap between real world pratice and evidence-based guidelines.Methods Clinical data of the dianosis and management of 373 patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome from January to December in 2006,and scale the gap between real world pratice and evidence-based guidelines.Results Elevated cardiac markers,chest X-ray,echocardiography,dynamic electrocardiogram,exercise electrocardiograph (ECG),coronary angiography were used more extensively,but the usage of cardiac stress imaging and electron-beam computed tomography was low.Significant increases in the use of coronary angiography,aspirin,using 300 mg first dosage of aspirin,β-blocker,angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI),thienopyridine,statins and invasive strategies such as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (51.1%),early invasive intervention occurred.The utilization rate of morphine sulfate,nitrates,unfractionated heparin were low.Conclusions There are great progress in the dianosis and management of patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome.Still,further improvements are needed for optimal implementation of these guidelines such as the use of β-blocker,adding dosage of β-blocker,platelet glycoprotein Ⅱb/Ⅲa inhibitor,low-molecular-weight heparin.Prompt and effective measures should be taken to enhance the education of evidence-based guidelines.

Abstract:Aim The efficacy of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) is limited by high incidence of restenosis.For investigating the mechanism of restenosis following angioplasty,an applicable restenosis model that mimic human vascular injury are needed.Methods Arterial lesions were induced by placement of an absorbable thread around the right common carotid artery of rabbits.After 4 weeks,the thread was absorbed,and a subgroup of rabbit carotid arteries was subjected to secondary balloon dilation.Histological difference among the experimental groups was assessed 4 weeks after the double-injury approach.Results 8 weeks after thread placement,the shrunk carotid artery demonstrated atherosclerotic lesions.The atherosclerotic carotids in other group underwent angioplasty,resulting in plaque,medial layer disruption and significant intimal hyperplasia.Neointimal lesions were composed of foam cell and extracellular matrix.The number of adventitial vasa vasroum increased compared with control group.Conclusion The animal model of atherosclerosis and restenosis was successfully created.This method was simple,economical and manageable,and the model was steady,and easily repeated.

Abstract:Aim To evaluate the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) aged ≥35-year-old in Shanghai Chengqiao Community with essential hypertension and risk factors.Methods 2 596 essential hypertension in Shanghai Chengqiao Community,aged 35～89 years (1 390 males and 1 206 females,mean age 52.5±12.6 years) were recruited in the study.Their medical history,blood pressure,height,weight,waist circumference (WC),hip circumference (HC),fasting plasma glucose (FPG),TC,TG,LDLC,HDLC were detected and analyzed.Results Including 2 596 essential hypertension,there are 1 561 patients whose FPG<5.6 mmol/L and 817 patients whose FPG between 5.6 mmol/L and 6.9 mmol/L.And FPG of 218 patients>6.9 mmol/L.The abnormal rate of FPG in essential hypertension was 39.9% and incidence of IFG was 31.5%.The differences of gender,systolic blood pressure,BMI,waist-to-hip ratio (WHR),TC,TG between the normal glucose group and the IFG group were significant.Multiple factors logistic analysis reveaed gender (β=0.068,P<0.001),family history of diabetes mellitus (β=0.468,P<0.05),TC(β=0.248,P<0.001) and LDLC(β=-0.06,P<0.001) have relationship with IFG.Conclusion The detection rate of IFG is high in hypertension in Shanghai Chengqiao Community and it is related with gender,family history of diabetes mellitus and disorders of lipid metabolism.