Abstract:Atherosclerotic vulnerable plaque is considered as an important pathologic basis of acute coronary syndrome and sudden cardiac ischemic death.Vulnerable plaque is characterized with endothelial denudation and thrombosis.The mechanisms of vulnerable plaque are poorly understood.Recent researches demonstrated that endothelial progenitor cells play an important role in repair of injured endothelium.So the role of endothelial progenitor cells in the process of atherosclerotic vulnerable plaque is worth investigating.

Abstract:Aim To observe the effect of of Zuogui recipe(ZR) on glucose metabolism and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(p38MAPK) and c-jun amino-terminal kinase(JNK) expression in the adipose tissue of MKR mice.Methods Forty qualified MKR mice were equally randomized into 4 groups:model group(MG),low-dose ZP group(LZP),high-dose ZP group(HZP) and positive control group(PCG).LZP,HZP and PCG were treated by corresponding drugs for 30 days.Using C57 mice as the controls,the fasting blood glucose(FBG),the serum insulin,and the serum intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1) level were determined;the expression of p38MAPK and JNK protein in the adipose tissue were determined by Western blotting and the SABC im-munohistochemistry.Results Hyperglycemia in HZP was significantly ameliorated and fasting blood glucose was decreased after treatment(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Compared with C57 mice,the serum ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 level were significantly increased,and the expression of p38MAPK and JNK protein in the adipose tissue of model group were increased weakly.After treatment,the serum ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 level were significantly decreased,and the expression of p38MAPK and JNK protein in the adipose tissue of HZP and LZP groups were also significantly decreased(P<0.01),compared with the model group.Conclusion Zuogui recipe has obvious effect on improving glucose metabolism and inflammatory reaction in MKR mice,and its mechanism may be related to the decrease of p38MAPK and JNK protein expression in adipose tissue,the increase of sensitivity of peripheral tissue to insulin,and the improvement of insulin resistance in the mice.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the role and mechanism of tert-butylhydroquinone(tBHQ) on lipoppolysacchride(LPS)-induced impairment of human umbilial vein endothelial cell(HUVEC).Methods Before treated with LPS,HUVEC were cultured with tBHQ in vitro.MTT analysis measured the effects of LPS and tBHQ on HUVEC;Western blot analysis measured the effects of tBHQ on the levels of Nrf2 in HUVEC;DCFH-DA measured the effects of tBHQ on the levels of ROS;Western blot and ELISA analysis measured the effects of tBHQ on the levels of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6.Results Compared with control group,viabilities of HUVEC were decreased significantly by LPS(P<0.05).However,the effects of LPS could be attenuated notably by tBHQ(P<0.05).Pretreatment with tBHQ could increase the expression of nuclear Nrf2 protein significantly(P<0.05),and reduce the levels of ROS,TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6(P<0.05).Conclusions To prevent LPS-induced impairment of HUVEC,tBHQ can decrease the levels of ROS inflammatory factors induced by LPS via inducing translocation of Nrf2.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the effects of tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside(TSG) on the apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC) and its molecular mechanisms induced by hydrogen peroxide(H2O2).Methods The model of apoptosis HUVEC was induced by 300 μmol/L H2O2,MTT assay was used to detect the cell proliferation,flowing cytometry was used to measure the effect of apoptosis.The expression of Bcl-2 and Bax was detected by Western blot.Results H2O2 could inhibit the viability of cells,decrease the expression of Bcl-2 and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax,and increase the apoptosis ratio and the expression of Bax.On the contrary,treatment of TSG could improve the rate of cell proliferation,inhibit cell apoptosis,up-regulate the expression of Bcl-2 and increase the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax,down-regulate the expression of Bax significantly(P<0.01).Conclusions TSG could inhibit H2O2-induced apoptosis of HUVEC,and the mechanisms might be associated with regulating the expression of Bcl-2,Bax and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax.

Abstract:Aim To explore the relationship between apolipoprotein CⅢ(ApoCⅢ) gene C3175G,T3206G polymorphism and the levels of serum lipids in male,as well as the multiple risk factors of overweight-obesity.Methods A total 337 males were selected from two hospitals by using DNA sequencing,and the apolipoprotein CⅢ gene C3175G,T3206G polymorphism and the serum lipids were determined and analyzed their relationships were analyzed.Results The genotype frequencies of the CC,CG and GG for ApoCⅢ3175 were 51.93%,40.06% and 8.01%,respectively,and C allele was 71.9% and G allele was 28.04%.The frequencies of TT,TG and GG for ApoCⅢ3206 were 6.82%,32.34% and 60.83%,respectively,and T was 23.0% and G was 77.0%.The carriers of ApoCⅢ3157G could have the higher level of triglyceride(TG).According to stratified selection of TG,there were relationships between ApoCⅢ and TC /LDLC.The mμltiple linear regression showed that abdomen obesity and ApoCⅢC3157G polymorphism might be associated with TG.Conclusion The ApoCⅢC3157G is related to the levels of serum TG and the results were supported the relationships between ApoCⅢT3206G and TC/LDLC in population with high TG.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the protective effect of reactive oxygen species(ROS) scavenger,N-acetyl-L-cysteine(NAC),against endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS) induced by chemical hypoxia in H9c2 cardiomyocytes.Methods H9c2 cells were treated with cobalt chloride(CoCl2),a chemical hypoxia-mimetic agent,to establish the chemical hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte injury model.NAC was added into cell medium 60 min prior to CoCl2 exposure.The cell viability was evaluated using cell counter kit(CCK-8).Morphological changes in apoptotic cardiomyocytes were detected by Hoechst 33258 staining and photofluorography,and the intracellular ROS level was measured by 2',7'-dich-lorfluorescein-diacetate(DCFH-DA) staining and photofluorography.The expression of glucose regulated protein 78(GRP78) was evaluated by Western blot assay.Results H9c2 cell viability was inhibited by cobalt chloride at the concentrations from 100 to 2 000 μmol/L for 24 h in a dose-dependent manner.At the time from 12 h to 48 h,H9c2 cell viability was inhibited by 800 μmol/L CoCl2 in a time-dependent manner.Pretreatment with 2 000 μmol/L NAC 60 min before exposure to CoCl2 significantly inhibited not only CoCl2-induced overproduction of ROS,but also the apoptosis induced by CoCl2.GRP78 expression was upregulated after treatment with different concentrations of CoCl2 for 24 h,peaking at 800 μmol/L.Furthermore,GRP78 expression was upregulated after treatment with 800 μmol/L CoCl2 at different time(3 h,6 h,9 h,12 h,24 h),peaking at 9 h.In addition,2 000 μmol/L NAC preconditioning obviously blocked the upregulation of GRP78 expression induced by 800 μmol/L CoCl2 for 9 h.Conclusion NAC protects H9c2 cardiomyocytes against injury induced by chemical hypoxia,which may be associated with its inhibitory effect on ERS induced by chemical hypoxia.

Abstract:Aim To observe the effect of 3,3'-Diindolylmethane(DIM) on C-myc expression in carotid artery injury rabbits.Methods Restenosis model was established by injury of rabbit carotid arteries with balloon catheters.21 rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups including sham-operated group,model group and DIM group 40mg/(kg·d) once a day from 3 days before operation to 4 weeks after operation,DIM was orally administered to rabbits,while the other two groups with saline at the same volume.All rabbits were killed after 28 days and carotid arteries were removed.We observed artery morphology and measured the thickness of arterial intima and media,examined C-myc with HE staining,automatic image analysis and immunohistochemistry.Results Compared with sham group,the sections of injured carotid artery showed obviously intimal thickening with large numbers of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMC) proliferating throughout intima and media,the expression of C-myc was markedly increased(P<0.01)after operation.VSMC proliferating was inhibited and gene expression was significantly decreased by DIM.Conclusion DIM can inhibit neointimal proliferation after carotid endothelium injury through down regulation of C-myc expressions.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the regulatory role of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors(S1PR) in cardiomyocyte hypertrophicresponse induced by S1P.Methods Cellvolumes and protein compound rate of neonatal heart cells were used as indexs of hypertrophic cardiomyocytes models induced by S1P.Neonatal heart cells were randomly divided into 5 groups: normal control;hyperrophic group: cells were stimulated by S1P(1000 nmol/L);pretreatment group: cells were treated with VPC23019(10 μmol/L) 30 min before adding S1P;pretreatment group: cells were treated with JTE(10 μmol/L) 30 min before adding S1P and pretreatment group: cells were treated with Staurosporine(10 nmol/L) 30 min before adding S1P.Protein compound rate of neonatal rat cardiomyocyte cells was assayed by -leucine incorporation.The expression of β-myosin heavy chain(β-MHC) was detected by qPCR and Western Blot.Results 10,100 and 1000 nmol/L S1P increased neonatal rat cardiac cell volume and -leucine incorporation,especially 1000 nmol/ L S1P.Cells treated with S1P at 1000 nmol/L for 48 h were chosen as hypertrophic cardiocyte model.S1P(1000 nmol/L) treatment of myocytes 48 h,can increase significantly -leucine incorporation,the effect was significantly inhibited by S1P2 receptor inhibitor(JTE) or protein kinase C(PKC) inhibitor(Staurosporine).Compared with the con-trol group,hypertrophy of myocardial cells of β-MHC mRNA and protein levels were significantly increased.Compared with S1P(1000 nmol/L) treatment group,β-MHC expression levels of S1P2 receptor-specific inhibitor and the PKC inhibitor group was significantly decreased.Conclusion The activation of S1P2 played an important role in cardiomyocytes hypertrophy induced by S1P.S1P2-PKC signaling regulates the cardiomyocyte hypertrophic responses induced by S1P.

Abstract:Aim To observe effect of lectin-like oxidized low density lipoprotein(ox-LDL) receptor-1(LOX-1) gene silence on the expressions of fractalkine and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1) induced by ox-LDL in human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC).Methods HUVEC were cultured and treated with ox-LDL of three different concentrations(25,50,100 mg/L respectively) for 24 hours;pGenesil-1 LOX-1 shRNA were transfected into HUVEC and then cells were treated with ox-LDL(50 mg/L).mRNA and protein expressions of LOX-1,fractalkine and MCP-1 were determined by semi-quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),Western Blot analysis and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Ox-LDL could induce mRNA and protein expressions of LOX-1,fractalkine and MCP-1 in a dose-dependent manner(P<0.01).Expressions of fractalkine and MCP-1 induced by ox-LDL(50 mg/L) were significantly suppressed by transfection with LOX-1 specific shRNA(P<0.01).Conclusions Ox-LDL can induce expressions of fractalkine and MCP-1 in a dose-dependent manner in HUVEC,and this process can be suppressed by LOX-1 gene silence.

Abstract:Aim To detect the expression of lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1(LOX-1) on aorta in diabetic rats and to observe the effects of telmisartan in order to investigate the mechanisms of marcrovascular disease in diabetes.Methods A total number of 32 male 6 weeks of age Sprague Dawley rats were divided into two groups,including control group(n=8) and experimental group(n=24).The latter group of rats was fed with high fat and sugar diet for 4 weeks and then was made into diabetic model by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin once at a dose of 45 mg/kg.The diabetic rats were further divided into diabetic mellitus group(n=9)(DM group),telmisartan group(n=11) which was given 20 mg/kg weight telmisartan,control group and DM group rats received distilled water.All groups of rats were given medicines by using oral gavage for 8 weeks.The serum lipid parameters were determined by routine methods using a fully automatic biochemical analyzer.Aorta paraffin sections were performed HE stain to observe atherosclerotic lesion.Expression of LOX-1 mRNA were detected by real-time PCR and Western blot was used to quantify their protein expression.Results No significant difference was found among three groups on the serum levels of total cholesterol(TC)(P=0.13) and triglyceride(TG)(P=0.35).High density lipoprotein(HDL)(0.99±0.12 mmol/L vs 1.37±0.23 mmol/L) was decreased(P=0.001) and low density lipoprotein(LDL)(0.48±0.08 mmol/L vs 0.34±0.03 mmol/L) was increased(P=0.001) in DM group compared with the control.Histology of rat aorta showed in control group the intima was thin and smooth,endothelial cells lined,while in DM group the intima was thicken in local lesion and it did not attenuate after treatment of telmisartan compared with DM group.No obvious atherosclerotic plaque was found in the three groups.In DM group,LOX-1 mRNA(0.316±0.055 vs 0.154±0.029) and protein expression(1.271±0.238 vs 0.739±0.113) were significantly upregulated compared with the control(P=0.000) while they(0.192±0.030 vs 0.316±0.055 and 0.691±0.198 vs 1.271±0.238) were downregulated in telmisartan group compared with the DM group(P=0.000).Conclusion LOX-1 mRNA and protein expression were increased in aorta of diabetic rats.Telmisartan may downregulate LOX-1 expression in diabetic rats.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the effect of Tongfengkangding granule(TG) on anti-gout and the acute toxicity effect.Methods Sixty Kunming mouse were randomly divided into six groups(n=10): the normal goup,the hyperuricemia model group,high TG(12 g/kg),middle TG group(6 g/kg) and low TG group(3 g/kg),the allopurinol group(50 mg/kg).The treatment groups were orally administered once per day separately,the hyperuricemia model mouse was induced by injection of the pre-substance of hypoxanthine intraperitoneally.Serum uric acid level was determined,the effect of TG in rats with adjuvant arthritis induced by sodium urate,analgesic effect of TG in mouse with writhing test,and the acute toxicity effect of TG were investigated.Results The serum uric acid level was obviously decreased in hyperuricemia mouse treated with 12 g/kg TG(P<0.05),which could inhibit acute inflammation in model animals and had significant effect on analgesia,and obvious toxic reaction was not observed and the maximum dose was 121.50 g/kg for mice in acute toxicity experiment.Conclusion TG had a remarkable effect on hyperuricemia and anti-gout,and oral application had a high security.

Abstract:Aim To observe high sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1(sICAM-1),soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(sVCAM-1) and brachial artery endothelial function in different glucose tolerance level of patients with stable angina pectoris(SAP),and analyze the correlation of hs-CRP,sICAM-1,sVCAM-1 and brachial artery endothelial function.Methods Sixty SAP patients who confirmed by coronary angiography were selected.By OGTT,the sixty patients were divided into three groups: normal glucose tolerance(NGT)group,impaired glucose tolerance(IGT) group and type 2 diabetes(T2DM) group,20 patients in each group.Hs-CRP,sICAM and sVCAM levels were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.The flow-mediated dilation(FMD) in the brachial artery were detected by high-resolution ultrasound.Results The levels of hs-CRP in NGT group,IGT group and T2DM group were respectively 1.03±0.32 mg/L,2.14±0.82 mg/L and 3.05±1.56 mg/L,there was statistic difference between NGT group and T2DM group(P<0.05).The levels of sICAM-1 in NGT group,IGT gr-oup and T2DM group were respectively 112.76±32.03 μg/L,175.37±41.21 μg/L and 234.21±56.14 μg/L,the levels of sVCAM-1 in NGT group,IGT group and T2DM group were respectively 214.04±92.34 μg/L,314.56±101.69 μg/L and 485.89±173.24 μg/L,there was statistic difference between NGT group and T2DM group.The FMD in NGT group,IGT group and T2DM group were respectively 5.87%±2.52%,4.06%±2.02% and 2.03%±0.98%,there were statistic differentce between each groups(P<0.05).After correcting effection of gender,age,smoking,BMI,blood lipids and blood pressure,the closed relation was found between hs-CRP and endothelial function(P<0.05).Conclusions The endothelial function of SAP patients was decreased with the decrement of carbohydrate tolerance,while the hs-CRP level was increased.The hs-CRP level is significantly correlated with endothelial function.

Abstract:Aim To observe the effect of Rosuvastatin on vascular elasticity in type 2 diabetes complicated with hyperlipidemia.Methods 67 hyperlipidemia patients complicated with diabetes visiting endocrinology department of our hospital from January 2010 to January 2011 were randomly divided into control group and treatment group.The patients in control group received Acarbose,and those in treatment group received Acarbose plus Rosuvastatin.Duration of treatment was 8 weeks.Levels of blood glucose,blood lipid and the parameters of vascular elasticity such as EP,β,AC,AI and PWVβ,were measured in both groups before and after treatment.Results Blood lipid in control group didn't significantly change after treatment(P>0.05).Total cholesterol(TC),low density lipoprotein(LDL) and triacylglycerol(TG) significantly decreased(P<0.01) in treatment group.The parameters of vascular elasticity didn't significantly change after treatment in control group,but Ep,β,AC,AI and PWV significantly changed in treatment group(P<0.05),and were significantly different from those in control group(P<0.05).The changes of Ep,β,AI and PWV in treatment group were significantly different from those in control group(P<0.05).The changes of TC,LDL and TG were positively related with Ep,β,AI and PWV(P<0.05).Conclusion Rosuvastatin may have a role in regulating blood lipid and protecting vascular elasticity.

Abstract:Aim To assess the arteriosclerosis by pulse wave velocity(PWV) for providing a reference for the diagnosis of pseudohypertension.Methods Thirty inpatients(male 17,female 13) with coronary angiography whose ages were between 55~85 years,were divided into two groups,one group was the pseudohypertension,the other was the comparison.The brachial artery blood pressure and the indirect blood pressure were measured three times simultaneously after coronary angiography,and the difference between direct and indirect systolic and diastolic blood pressure was calculated.The bilateral ankle-brachial PWV(BaPWV) were measured using the atherosclerosis detector and the factors such as ages,diseases,body mass index,blood lipid levels and so on were observed.Results There were no significant difference in age,heart rate,the proportion of smoking,coronary disease,diabetes,and hyperlipidemia between the two groups.But the pulse pressure(P=0.001),non-invasive blood pressure(P=0.018) and the difference between non-invasive blood pressure and the direct blood pressure were opposite(P<0.05).If there were no difference in the PWV references between the two groups,the PWV measurements of the pseudohypertension were significantly distinct from the non-pseudohypertension(P=0.029).The BaPWV was the most sensitive(80.8%) and specific(73.3%) which was more than 1896.0 cm/s through the ROC curve for prediction of pseudohypertension.Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.431 between the two which had a medium relevance by the Pearson correlative analysis.Conclusion BaPWV anomalies can be valuable for diagnosis of pseudohypertension.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the correlation between monocyte chemoattractant protein(MCP-1) and intima-media thickness(IMT) of carotid artery in essential hypertension(EH).Methods The experimental group included 103 cases from consecutive patients diagnosed as EH.The control group included 43 cases from those who accepted physical examination in the same setting.Three subgroups were divided in the experimental group according to the levels of blood pressure.Blood pressure was measured,IMT,inner diameter and the thickness,features,number of plaques were detected.ELISA was used to detect MCP-1 in the supernate.Results IMT and MCP-1 in EH differed significantly from those in the control group(P<0.05).IMT in the level 1 differed significantly from that in the level 2 and 3(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between the level 2 and the level 1.MCP-1 in the level 3 differed significantly from that in the level 1 and 2,but there was no significant difference between the level 1 and level 2.IMT and serum MCP-1 correlated positively in the experimental group(r=0.38,P<0.01).Conclusion IMT,MCP-1 in EH were obviously higher than those in the health.The effect of MCP-1 on atherosclerosis was worth attentioning.

Abstract:Aim To study the association between von willebrand factor and brachial ankle pulse wave velocity in hypertensive patients.Methods 327 hypertensive patients who participated in the health examination in our hospital from May 2010 to August 2010 were recruited in our study.The von willebrand factor,brachial ankle pulse wave velocity and other biochemical indicator were collected.Comparison of the level of von willebrand factor and brachial ankle pulse wave velocity was analyzed among patients with different blood pressure.And the correlation between von willebrand factor,brachial ankle pulse wave velocity and blood pressure were performed.Results 209 males and 118 females with mean age 50.8±9.9 year participated in our study.The levels of von willebrand factor in mild,moderate or severe patients were 132.5%,148.7% and 164.3% respectively,and the difference was significant.The levels of brachial ankle pulse wave velocity in mild,moderate or severe patients were 1617.4 cm/s,1810.9 cm/s and 1896.1 cm/s respectively,and the difference was also significantly.The results of correlation showed a moderate correlation between von willebrand factor,brachial ankle pulse wave velocity and blood pressure.Conclusion The levels of von willebrand factor and brachial ankle pulse wave velocity increased simultaneously in hypertensive patients,and might play as predict factors in development of cardiovascular disease.

Abstract:Aim To study the effect of blood flow on life qualifty in hemodialysis patients with more than five years of permanent vascular access.Methods 88 hemodialysis patients with more than five years of permanent vascular access were selected and divided into experimental group(blood flow of vascular access ≤ 300 mL/min,n=45) and control group(blood flow of vascular access was 300~500 mL/min,n=43).Patients in the experimental group and the control group were treated with conventional dialysis,and the complications,Hb,BUN,Scr,ALB,RRF and other factors affecting life quality were analyzed.Results After dialysis,BUN and Scr levels in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group(24.87±7.97 mmol/L and 675±232 μmol/L vs 17.34±9.53 mmol/L and 368±243 μmol/L;P<0.05),Hb levels in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group(70.62±12.03 g/L vs 76.03±13.05 g/L;P<0.05),ALB levels had no significant difference in the two groups(P>0.05).RRF in the experimental group reduced 90.9%,significantly higher than 36.4% of control group.The chance of restenosis and blood flow during reperfusion in the experimental group were significantly worse than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusions Patients with permanent vascular access for dialysis and vascular access blood flow ≤ 300 mL/min should pay attention to changes in bodily functions in the dialysis process.Dialysis program should be adjusted at the appropriate time by increasing dialysis frequency and prevention of complications to improve life quality.

Abstract:Aim To obtain the epidemiologic data of abnormal glucose metabolism in rural hypertensive population aged from 35 to 75 years old in Fuxin of Liaoning province;And to explore effects of hyperglycemia to incidence of stroke among rural adult groups with hypertension for providing the scientific basis for the comprehensive intervention of risk factors.Methods By stratified random sampling method,From the crowd of 6 516 Fuxin 35~75-year-old rural Permanent residents(≥ 5)with hypertension 2 499 were randomly selected,fasting blood glucose test results they were divided into normal fasting blood glucose(NFG) group and higher fasting glucose(IFG+DM)group.In the follow-up of 1 year,we recorded the new sick stroke and observed the incidence to analyze the effects of hyperglycemia on stroke.Results During 1-year follow-up,50 cases of stroke events emerged in 2 499 persons,1.5%(27 cases) in NFG group,3.2%(23 cases) in IFG+DM group.After adjusting for multiple risk factors,the relative risk of higher fasting glucose to incidence of stroke was 2.234 and 2.410 for women,significantly higher than that of the group with normal fasting glucose,which was 1.645 and 1.648 for men though higher than in normal group but was not statistically significant.The prevalence of impaired fasting blood glucose(IFG) was 25.3%.The prevalence of diabetes mellitus(DM) was 9.6%,which was lower in male than in female and the prevalence increased with age in female and male.The prevalence of DM increased with level of hypertension.Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed age,obesity were risk factors.ConclusionsHigher fasting glucose is an important risk factor for stroke of women in the countryside of Fuxin county,Liaoning province.

Abstract:Atherosclerosis and osteoporosis were the most common illnesses of older people,which seriously affected the health of the elderly,and the two diseases often appeared simultaneously in clinical.Atherosclerosis,hypertension,diabetes,vascular injury,chronic kidney disease and pathological aging and so on had the common pathology of vascular calcification.It easily led to myocardial ischemia,left ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure,caused thrombosis,plaque rupture,so it was an important factor for the high incidence and high mortality of cardiovascual and cerebrovascular diseases.Recently many studies suggested that there were the common risk factors,signal transduction pathways,molecular mechanism,leading to causality among atherosclerosis,vascular calcification and osteoporosis.This review on the link between clinical and pathogenesis of preliminary study for clinical work,provides further integrated control concept.