Abstract:Biomechanical stress existing in the human body plays a pivotal role in the progression of human development, growth or diseases.But how the mechanical stress acts on the organism leading to a series of changed pathophysiology is an attractive issue.Significantly advanced progresses concerning mechanical stress-related tissue or cell remodeling have been made in the recent years, especially in cardiovascular area.For instance, we already realized that mechanical stress resulted from increased blood pressure (e.g. hypertension) or abnormal hemodynamics due to altered angioarchitecture (e.g. atherosclerosis) may not only be an initiator but also be a terminator in the development, maintenance or promotion of the cardiovascular diseases.Thus, mechanical stress as an independent risk factor has more obviously deleterious effects on changed structure and function of blood vessels compared with most of other growth factors and active polypeptides.This review will focus on the current advances from our and other investigators regarding the effects of mechanical stress on normal structure, function, and diseases of blood vessels.
LI Jing,XIE Lu,YANG Xiao-Mei,PANG Guang-Bao,WANG Sheng-Yong,WANG Jie-Nian,and SHEN Bing
Abstract:AimTo investigate the effect of laminaria polysaccharide (LP) on the vascular endothelium-dependent relaxation and contraction of rats induced by psychological stress.MethodsNormal adult rats are randomly divided into control group, LP high group (LP-H group), LP low group (LP-L group) and low molecular heparin group, which was to build psychological stress of rat model by using the stimulation of uncertainty empty bottle.After the stress, rats were reviewed by open-field test.Then aortic rings were isolated and put into organ bath.The tension of endothelium-dependent relaxation induced by acetylcholine (Ach), contraction induced by norepinephrine (NE) and relaxation induced by nitroglycerin (NTG) after adding in L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) were recorded.ResultsCompared with control group, the frequency of crossing and rearing behavior increased significantly in model group, LP-H group, LP-L group and low molecular heparin groups.The model group reduced Ach-induced relaxation (p<0.05) and enhanced NE-induced contraction (p<0.05) in comparison with control group.Compared with model group, the relaxa-
SHAN Hai-Yan , LIU Shu , BAI Xiao-Juan , CHEN Xiang-Mei
Abstract:AimTo explore the effects of Atorvastatin on the senescence in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) induced by angiotensinⅡ(AngⅡ) and to study its potential molecular mechanism.MethodThe HUVEC were cultured in vitro and divided into 3 groups,the control group,AngⅡgroup (stimulated and intervened by AngⅡ10-6mol/L for 48 h),Atorvastatin group (10-3mol/L Atorvastatin was added to cell 1 h before 10-6mol/L AngⅡ).β-Gal stain and cell cycle analysis were used to identify cell aging status;and the expression of apoptosis-association genes Bcl-2 and Bax were detected by immunocytochemistry,and Western blot.ResultsAngⅡ stimulation enhanced the positive cell number of β-gal stained HUVEC,depressed cell proliferation.The AngⅡ group inhibited the expression of Bcl-2 protein and increased the expression of Bax protein compared with the Atorvastatin group markedly (p<0.05),Bcl-2/Bax was decreased significantly(p<0.05) in the AngⅡgroup.The Atorvastatin group increased the expression of Bcl-2 protein and decreased the expression of Bax protein compared with the AngⅡ group evidently (p<0.05),Bcl-2/Bax was increased significantly(p<0.05) in the Atorvastatin group.ConclusionsAtorvastatin probably delay the senescence of vascular endothelial cell induced by AngⅡ through regulating the expression of Bcl-2/Bax protein.
CHAI Hui , MA Jian-Long , JIANG Ting-Ting , YU Jun-Wei , LING Chao , YE Wen-Jing , Wo Xing-De
Abstract:AimTo compare alliin and allicin’s effect in inhibiting tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) induced inflammation, and to investigate whether alliin can substitute allicin in resisting atherosclerosis.MethodsHuman umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) were divided into ten groups and treated for 16 hours as follows:Control(treated without any drugs), TNF-α(1 μg/L), alliin (10 mg/L), allicin (10 mg/L), TNF-α(1 μg/L) and alliin (5 mg/L,10 mg/L,30 mg/L),TNF-α (1 μg/L) and allicin(5 mg/L,10 mg/L,30 mg/L).The mRNA expression level of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) was determined by real-time PCR.THP-1 adhesion to HUVEC was measured by rose Bengal staining.Migration function and MTT text were used to demonstrate the effects of alliin and allicin on the smooth muscle cell’s migration and proliferation.ResultsTNF-α treatment significantly increased the mRNA expression of ICAM-1 in HUVEC, while alliin and allicin pretreatment all blocked the TNF-α induced mRNA expression of ICAM-1, and also effectively blocked THP-1 adhesions.Further more, alliin and allicin inhibited TNF-α induced contractile fiber cell’s migration and proliferation functions.However, allicin was a bit more effective than alliin.ConclusionBoth alliin and allicin can inhibit TNF-α induced inflammation and atherosclerosis, and alliin may substitute allicin in resisting atherosclerosis to a certain extent.
MA Shuang-Tao , YANG Da-Chun , TANG Bing , LI De , LI Gang , YANG Yong-Jian
Abstract:AimTo investigate the effect of resveratrol on alcohol-induced myocardial fibrosis and the underlying molecular mechanism.MethodsMale Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: control group, alcohol group, and alcohol plus resveratrol group, 10 rats in each group.After the intervention for six months, the myocardial fibrosis was evaluated by Masson staining, the fibronectin expression in myocardium was evaluated by immunofluorescence, the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 were determined by Western blot.ResultsAlcohol intake for six months caused a significant myocardial fibrosis and an obvious decrease in fibronectin.Oral administration with resveratrol partially reversed alcohol-induced myocardial fibrosis and fibronectin loss.Alcohol intake significantly increased the expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9.Treatment with resveratrol remarkably attenuated alcohol-induced upregulations of MMP-2 and MMP-9.ConclusionResveratrol inhibits MMP-2 and MMP-9 and consequently prevents alcoholic myocardial fibrosis.
ZHANG Yan-Li , ZHANG Huai-Qin , LIN Yi-Nuo , WU Gao-Jun , DAI Xiao-Chun , WANG Chao-Qun
Abstract:AimTo investigate the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on the resuscitation rate, proliferation and migration abilities of endothelial outgrowth cells (EOC) which were cryopreserved.MethodsThe mononuclear cells were separated from umbilical cord blood by density gradient centrifugation, followed by induction into EOC and expansion in vitro.The endothelial characteristics of EOC were identified by immunohistochemisty and fluorescent staining.Then EOC were cryopreserved at 4℃ for 4 h, -20℃ for 1 h, -70℃ for 24 h using culture medium with or without 50 μg/L VEGF.Cryopreserved EOC were resuscitated after 24 h, and the resuscitation rate, proliferation and migration abilities were measured by Annexin V/PI, CCK-8 and transwell assay respectively.ResultsEOC possessed many endothelial cell characteristics.The resuscitation rate of the 50 μg/L VEGF group was upregulated compared to the control group (p<0.01), and so were the proliferation and migration abilities (p<0.01).The proliferation and migration abilities of the two cryopreserved groups were both attenuated compared to normal group (p<0.01), while the migration ability of 50 μg/L group was higher than the normal group after 48 h (p<0.01).Moreover, the proliferation ability of 50 μg/L group was the same as the normal group (p>0.05).On the contrary, the proliferation and migration ability of the control group were both weaker than the normal and 50 μg/L group during the observation period (p<0.01).ConclusionsVEGF can increase the resuscitation rate and enhance the proliferation and migration abilities of EOC post-cryopreservation.
LI Su-Hong , HAN De-Wu , ZHOU Xin , XU Rui-Ling , ZHAO Yuan-Chang
Abstract:AimTo investigate the relationship between pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NFLD).Methods64 SD rats were randomly divided into two groups: normal control group with normal basic diet and high-sucrose and high-fat diet group with high sucrose and high fat diet.Each group was divided into four phases: 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 12 months.Each phase had eight rats.Alanine aminotrnsferase,free fatty acid(FFA), triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),high density lipoprotein(HDL),low density lipoprotein(LDL), fasting plasm glucose(FPG), fasting insulin(FIN), and endotoxin(LPS), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), C-reaction factor(CRP), macrophagocyte chemotaxis protein-1 (MCP-1), nitrc oxide(NO), endothelin-1(ET-1) were measured by ELISA; All the rats were killed and their livers and arterial specimens were taken to carry on HE stain for observing their
Abstract:AimTo investigate the influence of atorvastatin on the expression of toll-like receptor-4(TLR4) and lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1(LOX-1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), intercellular adhension molecule-1(ICAM-1) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), and to study its possible anti-atherosclerotic mechanism.MethodsHUVEC was cultured in vitro and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 2 h, then treated with atorvastatin for 24 h, finally the mRNA expression of TLR4, myeloid differentiation factor 88(MyD88), tumour-necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6(TRAF-6),LOX-1,TNF-α and ICAM-1 was measured with real-time PCR, the protein expression of TLR4, MyD88, TRAF-6, LOX-1, TNF-α and ICAM-1 was analyzed using Western Blotting method.ResultsLPS enhanced the expression of TLR4,MyD88,TRAF-6,LOX-1,TNF-α and ICAM-1 (p<0.01), atorvastatin decreased the high expression of TLR4,MyD88,TRAF-6, LOX-1,TNF-α and ICAM-1(p<0.01) which were stimulated by LPS.ConclusionAtorvastatin can block the high expression of TLR4 and its downstream signal transduction pathway and the high expression of LOX-1,TNF-α and ICAM-1.Maybe it’s the mechanism of action of atorvastatin to exert the function of anti-artherosclerosis.
HE Jin , CHEN Xiao-Bin , ZHENG Zhao-Fen , GUO Ying , DU Ke
Abstract:AimTo investigate whether C-reactive protein (CRP) accelerated the onset of endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) senescence and whether fenofibrate can antagonize the effects of CRP.Furthermore, this study aims to explore the possible mechanisms responsible for CRP on EPCs.MethodsEPCs were incubated with different concentration of CRP(1 mg/L, 2.5 mg/L, 5 mg/L)and 10 μmol/L fenofibrate.After exvivo cultured for 7 days, EPCs became senescent as determined by acidic β-galactosidase staining.To get further insights into the underlying mechanisms of these effects induced by CRP and fenofibrate, we measured human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) mRNA expression and determined the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) by using western blotting.Results(1) CRP dose-dependently accelerated the onset of EPCs senescence in culture.Moreover, fenofibrate can inhibit CRP-induc se- expression.However, fenofibrate can up-regulate the expresse of hTERT mRNA in EPCs and up-regulate the expression of eNOS protein in EPCs.Conclusions(1)CRP accelerated the onset of EPCs senescence, leading to cellular dysfunction.The effect of CRP might be dependent on telomerase inactivation, and eNOS also appeared to play a major role.(2)Fenofibrate prevents effect against CRP-induced EPCs senescence.
JIANG Zhe , GONG Ren-Rong , LI Yuan-Hao , FAN Mei , FANG Ding-Zhi
Abstract:AimTo investigate the role of the acyl-coenzyme A∶cholesterol acyltransferase-2 (ACAT-2) 734 C/T polymorphism on ratios of serum lipids and its interactions on the ratios with a high-carbohydrate/low-fat (HC/LF) diet in a young healthy Chinese population.MethodsAfter a washout diet for seven days, fifty six young healthy subjects were given the HC/LF diet for six days.The serum lipid profiles were analyzed using the twelve-hour fasting venous blood samples collected in the mornings of the first, the eighth and the fourteenth days.The ratios of TG/HDLC, log (TG/HDLC), TC/HDLC and LDLC/HDLC were calculated.The ACAT-2 734 C/T polymorphism was analyzed by restriction fragments patterns after amplified by polymerase chain reactions.ResultsAt baseline, the female carriers of the T allele had significantly lower log (TG/HDLC) than the female subjects with the CC genotype.The male subjects
WENG Chun-Yan , TANG Xiao-Hong , YUAN Hong , HUANG Zhi-Jun , CHEN Zhi-Heng , YANG Kan
Abstract:AimTo examine the changes of brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity(baPWV) and ankle-brachial index(ABI) in hypertensive patients with hyperlipidemia and estimate the related factors of baPWV in hypertensive patients.Methods400 hypertensive patients and 400 hypertensive patients with hyperlipidemia were selected from the health center of the third Xiangya hospital, blood pressure (BP) and age were adjusted between two groups.ABI, baPWV, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDLC),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDLC) and fasting blood sugar (FBS) were detected by VP1000 or blood tests.The baPWV value between the two groups was examined by T test.There were four sub-groups about hyperlipidemia, ANOVA analysis was used to estimate the differences between these sub-groups.The relationship between blood pressure, age, lipids and baPWV was analyzed by correlation analysis, further multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the effect of related factors on baPWV and a model was constructed.ResultsThe baPWV value in hypertensive patients with hyperlipidemia group(1674.0±13.0 cm/s) was significantly higher than that in hypertensive patients group(1594.0±11.2 cm/s)(p<0.001).There was no significant difference of ABI value between two groups (p=0.897).In hypertensive patients, hyperglyceridemia increased the baPWV value, as well as hypercholesterolaemia.Correlation analysis demonstrated that TC/HDLC were relevant to baPWV value (p<0.05).ConclusionsLipids are relevant to baPWV, hyperlipidemia accelerated arteriosclerosis in the patients with hypertension, hyperglyceridemia is also related to the stiffness of arteries as hypercholesterolaemia.
LIU Zhen-Dong , LU Fang-Hong , ZHAO Ying-Xin , SUN Shang-Wen , WANG Shu-Jian , HU Xiao-Liang , LI Jun
Abstract:AimTo explore the association between arterial stiffness and related cytokines of Th17 cell in essential hypertension.MethodsBrachial ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) was observed in 280 essential hypertensive patients.According to the quartile of tested baPWV value all patients were divided into four groups, namely, baPWV<1444 cm/s group, 1444 cm/s≤baPWV<1767 cm/s group,1767 cm/s≤baPWV<2169 cm/s group and baPWV≥2169 cm/s group.Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-17、IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were tested in all hypertensive patients.ResultsThe levels of serum IL-17, IL-6 and TNF-α were elevated in higher level of baPWV groups than that in lower level of baPWV group.The results of independent-samples T test in the level of serum IL-17, IL-6 and TNF-α showed that there were significant differences in every two groups, respectively (p<0.05).BaPWV was positively correlated with IL-17, IL-6 and TNF-α(r= 0.565, 0.556 and 0.447, p<0.001), respectively.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that IL-17, IL-6 and TNF-α were risk factors of baPWV.ConclusionThe related cytokines of Th17 cell were associated with arterial stiffness in essential hypertensive patients.
ZOU Chun-Peng , JIN Hui-Pei , LIN Xiao-Yu , ZHAO Ya-Ping , SUN Hai-Yan , LIU Yong-Fang
Abstract:AimTo investigate the feasibility and the clinical value of strain-blood pressure index (SBPI) in assessing the elasticity of brachial artery and anterior tibial artery in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD).Methods39 patients with ESRD and 46 healthy volunteers were involved.39 patients with ESRD belonged to the case group,and 46 healthy volunteers belonged to the control group.Maximum of circumferential strain(CSmax) of brachial artery and anterior tibial artery were acquired through strain and strain rate imaging(Xstrain).Local blood pressure which included local systolic blood pressure(LSBP) and local diastolic blood pressure(LDBP) of brachial artery and anterior tibial artery were measured at the same time.SBPI were calculated.Parameters were compared between the case group and the control group.ResultsSBPI of anterior tibial artery in case group (4.01%±0.59%) was less than that in control group(5.71%±0.55%,p<0.01).While SBPI of brachial artery in case group and control group were 3.82%±0.39% and 3.95%±0.46% respectively.There was no significant difference between case group and control group(p>0.05).ConclusionSBPI might be a new index that could evaluate the elasticity of medium-sized arteries in patients with ESRD.
Abstract:AimCurrent evidence suggests the cluster of differentiation 40 and ligand (CD40/CD40L) pathway as a key process in the development, progression, and outcome of acute coronary syndrome (ACS).The aim was to investigate the prognostic importance of soluble CD40L (sCD40L) levels, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the CD40LG gene, and the relation between sCD40L and SNPs in patients with ACS.MethodsSamples were obtained on admission from 482 patients with ACS in Beijing Anzhen hospital.Results(1)In total, 6.8% (n=33) of the patients had undetectable (<95 ng/L) sCD40L.The average level of sCD40L in 449 patients was 296±25 ng/L, the average level of sCD40L in male (309 ng/L) were higer than that in female (195 ng/L), sCD40L levels were associated with the severity of ACS (p<0.001).(2)The distribution of cCD40L were different among SNP polymorphism of CD40LG, patients with GG genotype showed the highest level of sCD40L (p<0.001).(3)After adjustment of age, sex, and related risk factors, polymorphism of CD40LG was related significantly with the severity of ACS, ratio odds were 1.00, 1.32, 3.41 (p≤0.001) respectively.ConclusionWe identified a SNP in the CD40LG gene as a novel regulator of sCD40L plasma concentrations and a predictor of the severity of ACS.
WANG Jun-Shu , LIN Shan-Shan , SHE Qi-Mei , DONG Ya-Ran , GUO Li-Min , YANG Xue-Mei , TIAN Ying-Fang
Abstract:AimTo study the effect of psychological interventions on psychological state and life quality of type 2 diabetes, to provide the basis for promoting body and mind health of patients.Methods160 cases of type 2 diabetes were divided into study group and control group by random.Study group were given the targeted psychological interventions, control group were not given.The effects were evaluated by SF-36 and SCL-90 at the first week and before discharge.ResultsComparing the scores of all scales, the study group was better than the control group after intervention.ConclusionCarrying out the psychological intervention for type 2 diabetes could improve their mental health and life quality, which was positive on promoting their body and mind health.
LI Dong-Jie , PIAO Gui-Hua , ZHANG Dong-Feng , JIANG Xiu-Bo , JIANG Wen-Jie
Abstract:AimTo analyze the effects of I/D polymorphism at intron 16 in the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene, abdominal obesity and the interaction between the two factors on essential hypertension.MethodsTwo hundred and thirty-five patients without taking anti-hypertension medication and two hundred and forty normotension controls were randomly recruited from four communities in Qingdao.I/D polymorphism was detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).Additive model was used to analyze the interaction between I/D polymorphism and abnormality of waist-to-hip ratio (WHR).ResultsD allele frequency and abnormality of WHR in patients were significantly higher than those in controls (48.09% and 69.79% vs 37.08% and 47.92%, p<0.05).I/D polymorphism of ACE gene and abnormality of WHR showed a positive interaction.After adjusting the age, gender, drinking, smoking, passive smoking, body mass index and blood fats by logistic regression, synergy index was 1.616, attributable interaction was 0.558, attributable interaction percentage was 22.65 %, pure attributable interaction percentage was 38.11%.ConclusionI/D polymorphism in ACE gene and abnormality of WHR might serve as a major susceptible factor of essential hypertension.I/D polymorphism of ACE gene and abnormality of WHR show a positive interaction.Proper abdominal obesity control can reduce the risk of getting essential hypertension in general population.
QIAN Ming , YE You-Qiang , YUAN Jun-Jun , KUANG Jian-Hui, LUO Xiao-Hong , SHU Xiao-Chun
Abstract:AimTo study the correlation between coronary flow reserve(CFR), HbAlc and atherosclerosis of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic mellitus.Methods80 cases with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic mellitus were divided into diabetic plaque group and diabetic non-plaque group through ultrasonic examination of neck, iliac and femoral vascular.40 health people were chosen as control group.CFR and IMT were measured by transpleural color doppler ultrasound cardiogram, and the results were analyzed with Tei index.ResultCompared with control group, CFR of diabetic patients were obviously decreased, while plaque group had the lowest CFR (p<0.05); compared with non-plaque group, HbAlc of plaque group was obviously increased (p<0.05).IMT of diabetes patients was obviously bigger than control group, while in plaque group it was bigger than that in non-plaque group (p<0.05).The level of CFR was negatively correlated with low density lipoprotein, body mass, PWI, waist circumference, hip circumference, ln(FBG) of fasting blood glucose, IMT and Tei index (p<0.05).ConclusionCFR decreased with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients and had good correlation with atherosclerosis.CFR testing is a predictor of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients with atherosclerosis.
SA Rengaowa , ZHU Qing , WU Ming-Hui
Abstract:Endothelial lipase (EL) is a new identified member of the lipase family, which includes lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase (HL).EL is a phospholipase that plays an important role in lipoprotein metabolism, mainly regulation of plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism and HDL cholesterol (HDLC) levels.Previous data has been reported that inhibition of EL in humans expected to increase the HDLC level.However, an important challenge is to determine how EL affects HDLC levels, reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) and progression of atherosclerosis (As).
Abstract:Cathepsin L is a cysteine protease with potent collagenolytic and elastinolytic activities and has increasingly prominent role in cardiovascular disease.In human carotid atheroma cathepsin L mainly accumulated in macrophages and mediated macrophages apoptosis, which led to plaque destabilization.In this article, the development of cathepsin L in atherosclerosis was reviewed.
ZHENG Ming-Hui , ZHAO Hui-Ying
Abstract:Research shows that high density lipoprotein (HDL) has a certain resistance to atherosclerosis, but endothelial lipase could hydrolyse high density lipoprotein,then it would influence progression of atherosclerosis, so further discussions of the relationship among the three roles, possibly could provide the new targets for the prevention of atherosclerosis related disease.
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