Abstract:Aim To investigate the effect of OX40-OX40L interaction on the expression of reactive oxygen species（ROS） and cyclophilin A（CyPA） in C57BL/6J mice. Methods Atherosclerotic plaque model was produced by rapid perivascular carotid collar placement in C57BL/6J mice. The expressions of CyPA in carotid atherosclerostic plaque and spleen lymphocytes were detected by immunohistochemical staining and Western Blot, respectively. The expressions of CD4, OX40 and the level of ROS were measured by flow cytometry. Results In vivo, the expression of OX40 in atherosclerotic C57BL/6J mice was significantly higher than that in non-atherosclerotic mice. And, the expression of ROS and CyPA in the lymphocytes of atherosclerotic mice were higher than those in control group （P<0.05）. In vitro, compared with control group, the expression of OX40 and the level of ROS were significantly increased in lymphocytes induced by anti-OX40. However, anti-OX40L significantly suppressed anti-OX40-induced up-regulation of OX40 and ROS in lymphocytes. The secretion of CyPA in stimulated group was more than that in inhibited group at 6 h （P<0.001）. Conclusion OX40-OX40L interactions can regulate the expression of ROS and CyPA in atherosclerotic mice.

Abstract:Aim To explore the relationship between uremia rats aortic stiffness and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 （MMP-2） in aorta and the mechanism involved. Methods 20 rats were divided into three groups randomly, as normal control group, chronic renal failure group and chronic kidney failure group with vascular calcification. Normal control group （methyl cellulose）, chronic renal failure group （methyl cellulose＋adenine sulphate）, chronic renal failure group with vascular calcification （adenine sulphate＋calcitriol）. The aortic pulse wave velocity （PWV） was measured after 8 weeks, expression of core binding factor alpha 1 （Cbfα1） and MMP-2 mRNA were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） and MMP-2 protein was detected by immunohistochemistry. Von Kossa was used to test the calcification of aorta and quantified by aortic calcium content. The alteration of aortic stiffness was tested by Elastica Van Gieson （EVG）. Results Aortic PWV, expression of aorta Cbfα1, MMP-2 mRNA and protein, aortic calcium content in chronic renal failure group with vascular calcification are all higher than those in chronic renal failure group （P<0.05）.Aortic PWV, expression of aorta Cbfα1, MMP-2 mRNA and protein in chronic renal failure group are higher than those in normal control group （P<0.05）. Aortic PWV shows a positive correlation to the expression of MMP-2 in aorta （r＝0.754, P＝0.02）. Conclusion One of the mechanisms of decreased vascular elasticity function in rats with chronic kidney disease is elastin degradation caused by increasing expression of MMP-2 in the artery wall, while the late vascular calcification is also involved.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the effectiveness of microRNA-195（miR-195）, transforming growth factor-β1/Smads（TGF-β1/Smads） signal transduction pathway and angiotensinⅡ（AngⅡ） in heart remodeling of spontaneously hypertensive rats （SHR）, and the impact of morphology and expression of the above factors for angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors（ACEI） drugs intervention on sp ontaneously hypertensive rats（SHR） heart. Methods 16 male SHRs and 8 male Wistar rats were recruited in this study. 16 male SHRs were randomly divided into benazepril treatment group（SHR treatment group,10mg/（kg·d）, n8） and control group（SHR control group,n8）. 8 Wistar rats were used as normal control group. What’s more, rats in SHR control group and normal control group were fed with distilled water, rats in SHR treatment group with gavage of benazepril 10 mg/（kg·d）. Eight weeks later, basal tail artery blood pressures of rats were measured. The morphologic changes of heart were examined with hemotoxylin and eosin（HE） staining.The expression of transforming growth factor beta1（TGF-β1）, angiotensin Ⅱ（AngⅡ）, small mother against decapentaplegic protein three（Smad3）, Collagen-Ⅰ（Col-Ⅰ） and Collagen-Ⅲ（Col-Ⅲ） proteins were detected by western blot. The expression of miRNA-195 were determined via Realtime polymerase chain reaction （qRT-PCR）. Results Compared to the normal control groups, the miRNA-195,AngⅡ,TGF-β1,Smad3,Col-Ⅰand Col-Ⅲ were higher expressed in SHR treatment group and SHR control groups（P<0.01 or P<0.05） Compared to the SHR control group, the cardiomyocyte of SB group becomes smaller and arranged more closely and orderly, the miRNA-195,AngⅡ,TGF-β1,Smad3,Col-Ⅰand Col-Ⅲ were significantly lower expressed（P<0.01 or P<0.05）. Conclusions MiRNA-195 may have a role to stop the progress of cardiac remodeling through up-regulation of AngⅡ and TGF-β1/Smads signal transduction pathway. The benazepril intervention may inhibit SHR cardiac remodeling as a result of inhibiting the expression of miRNA-195, through down-regulation of AngⅡ and TGF-β1/Smads signal transduction pathway.

Abstract:Aim To study the change characteristics of vascular endothelial cell function and blood vessels regulating factor in different time of cerebral ischemia of rat model under the condition of hyperlipidemia, and analyse the effect of the factors of hyperlipidemia on vascular endothelial cells and blood vessel regulating factors. Methods Experimental rats were divided into normal control, normal sham operation group, day 3, day 7 after normal ischemia and hyperlipid, sham operation group, day 3, day 7 after ischemia with hyperlipidemia. High fat diets can successfully induce hyperlipidemia model. The ischemic model was established with line embolism to block the middle cerebral artery occlusion（MCAO）. The content of von Willebrand factor, NO, ET-1, 6-keto-FGF1α and TXB2 in serum were detected by ELISA. Results Compared with normal control and sham operation group, the content of vWF, and TXB2 in serum were increased at different time points of cerebral ischemia model. vWF was increased in day 7 after normal cerebral ischemia and in day 3 in hyperlipidemia concurrent cerebral ischemia group, with statistical significance （P<0.05）. And the content of ET-1 had no significant difference among groups and interclass （P>0.05）. TXB2 was also increased with statistical significance in day 3 and day 7 of simple cerebral ischemia （P<0.05）, but had no obvious change in hyperlipidemia concurrent cerebral ischemia （P>0.05）. NO and 6-keto-FGF1α were also increased with significant difference in in day 3 and day 7 of cerebral ischemia groups （P<0.05）. Compared with simple cerebral ischemia group, in hyperlipidemia concurrent cerebral ischemia group, vWF were increased in day 3 and in 7 days with significant difference （P<0.05）, ET-1 had no significant change（P>0.05）. However, TXB2 was decreased between day 3 and day 7 after ischemia with significant difference （P<0.05）. NO and 6-keto-FGF1α were also descreased, there was significant difference in day 7 （P<0.05）, but not in day 3 after ischemia （P>0.05）. Conclusion Under the condition of hyperlipidemia, blood vessels regulating factors have not only accumulated phenomenon, but also specific expression in the difference of cerebral ischemia period, which are contributed to the recovery of the lesion in recovery phase.

Abstract:Aim To research the change of water content in the atherosclerotic rabbits’ aortic intima during atherosclerosis at 8th, 16th, 24th week after high-cholesterol diet. Methods 45 New Zealand rabbits were divided into common control group, high-cholesterol diet group and simvastatin group randomly and equally. At the end of 8th, 16th and 24th week, we detected the serum levels of total cholesterol （TC）, triglyceride （TG） and low density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDLC） respectively. Aorta were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and were studied with optical microscope. The changes of thickness of aortic intimal were measured and aortic intima of aortic arch were stripped. The water content of atherosclerotic plaques was detected with the vacuum freeze drying. Results ①The serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were higher in high-cholesterol diet group （P<0.05）. ②Common control group: the intima was smooth and glossy High-cholesterol diet group: the intima was thicker and a lot of foam cells and fatty streak plaques in the intima Simvastatin group: thinner of intima and fewer foams cells and fatty steak plaques than high-cholesterol group. ③In the high-cholesterol diet group, the atherosclerosis was formed and the water content in 16th and 24th week group was lower than 8th week group （P<0.05）. Compared with that of 16th week, the water content was reduced at the end of 24th week （P<0.05）. In the simvastatin group, the water content was much more than the high-cholesterol diet group at the end of 16th and 24th week （P<0.05）. Conclusion During atherosclerosis of rabbit, the water content was reduced in atherosclerotic plaques.

Abstract:Aim To explore the characteristics of head and neck artery CT vascular imaging of 256-slice CT angiography in patients with progress ischemic stroke. Methods We retrospectively analysed the test results of 106 cases of progressive ischemic stroke and 269 cases of non progressive ischemic stroke of head and neck CT vascular imaging of 256-slice CT angiography, compared the characteristics of the two groups of patients with head and neck vascular lesions.Results （1） Head and neck artery stenosis rate was 91.5% in patients with progress ischemic stroke, which was higher than in patients with non progressive ischemic stroke （58.7%, P< 0.05）. And in the arteries of patients with progress ischemic stroke，the proportion of moderate stenosis and severe stenosis （37.1% and 46.4%） was higher than non progressive ischemic stroke patients （7.0% and 3.1% P<0.05）.（2） In patients with progress ischemic stroke, head and neck artery plaque incidence （94.3%） was higher than that in non progressive ischemic stroke patients （65.8%, P<0.05）. The proportion of soft plaque and ulcer plaque （37.0% and 48.0%） was significantly higher than non progressive ischemic stroke patients （22.6% and 31.6% all P<0.05）. （3） The proportion of moderate stenosis and severe stenosis （43.4% and 50.0%） in head and neckartery was higher in early progressive ischemic stroke patients than that of patients with advanced type （14.3% and 23.8%） （all P<0.05）, and the proportion of soft plaque and ulcer plaque in patients with early progressive type （40.0% and 45.7%） was higher than that of patients with advanced type （16.7% and 20.0%） （all P<0.05）.Conclusions Progress ischemic strokes is related to head and neck artery stenosis, the degree of stenosis and unstable plaque, and arterial stenosis and plaque characteristics can be used as predictors of disease progression.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the relationship between nocturnal chest pain and obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome （OSAHS） in patients with coronary stenosis <50%. Methods 146 inpatients who were suspected to have coronary heart disease （CHD） and complained with snoring in night were selected and divided into two groups （nocturnal chest pain group and control group） according to clinical manifestations. All subjects were performed with coronary angiography and polysomnography （PSG）. The PSG parameters were compared between two groups in patients with coronary stenosis<50%, and the relationship of nocturnal chest pain and OSAHS were discussed. Results 44 patients （30.1%） with coronary stenosis<50% were detected, in whom 5 cases with nocturnal chest pain were diagnosed as moderate or severe OSAHS, all of them combined with moderate or severe hypoxemia in the night. The apnea-hyponea index（AHI） in patients with nocturnal chest pain was significantly higher than that in patients without nocturnal chest pain［（37.14 vs 16.71, P0.04］, as well as the proportion of moderate and severe hypoxia （100% vs 64.1%, P0.04） Adjusting for age, gender and body mass index, Pearson correlation analysis showed that nocturnal chest pain were positively correlated with AHI （r′0.33）, total cholesterol （r′0.40）, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol（r′0.45） and fasting blood glucose （r′0.39）. Conclusion Moderate or severe hypoxemia caused by OSAHS may be associated with nocturnal chest pain patients with coronary stenosis <50%.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the diagnostic value of 64-MSCT angiography （64-MSCTA）for penetrating atherosclerotic aortic ulcer（PAU）. Methods 64-MSCT angiography study was performed in 14 patients with penetrating atherosclerotic aortic ulcer. The volume data was transferred to workstation for image post-processing including MPR, CPR, MIP and VR. Results The location,size ,number,depth and complications of PAU in all patients were satisfactorily showed on Axial view and MPR image. The complications of PAU included intramural hematoma，pseudoaneurysm or aortic rupture. The whole aorta outline, ulcer shape and calcified plaque of 14 patients were 3D demonstrated well on MIP and VR image. Conclusion MDCTA is accurate, fast and effective for the diagnosis of PAU.

Abstract:Aim To analyse the current state and related factors of hypertension between Korean and Han nationality in Wangqing County of Yanbian Area. Methods 923 residents aged 20～80 years were finally selected,and the anthropometric and biochemical indexes were measured. Results The crude rate of hypertension of Korean nationality was 52.5% in men and 50.5% in women, while that of Han nationality was 42.1% in men and 29.4% in women. The age-adjusted prevalence of Korean nationality was 48.0% in men and 48.0% in women,while that of Han nationality was 42.0% in men and 29.0% in women. The crude and the aged-adjusted prevalance of hypertention in Korean were higher than those in Han and it was progressively higher with the increase of age,while progressively lower with the increase of eating vegetables everyday. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the prevalance of hypertension was associated with age, vegetables intake everyday, body mass index（BMI）, smoking, drinking and salt intake everyday in Korean. While it was associated with sex, age, vegetables intake every, BMI and smoking in Han nationality. Conclusion There were significant differences in the distribution of hypertension and its related factors between Korean and Han nationality.

Abstract:Aim To explore the relationship between serum levels of anti-β2-glycoprotein 1 （anti-β2-GP1） antibody and carotid atherosclerosis （CAS） and its risk factors in patients with cerebral infarction. Methods A total of 303 patients of anterior circulation cerebral infarction were recruited and carotid arteries were measured by vascular Doppler ultrasound instrument. According to the presence of carotid atherosclerotic plaque and the degree of carotid stenosis, the 303 patients were divided into three groups: no plaque and stenosis group （group A） with 79 cases, plaque but having no stenosis group （group B） with 98 cases, plaque and stenosis group （group C） with 126 cases. Among the 126 patients of carotid stenosis, case number of 1, 2, 3 and 4 grade of carotid stenosis was 41, 34, 30 and 21 respectively. The serum levels of anti-β2-GP1 antibody were measured by ELISA, enzymatic was used to measure levels of blood sugar, triglyceride and total cholesterol, the direct method was used to measure the serum levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDLC） and high density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDLC）. Results The serum level of anti-β2-GP1 antibody in patients of groups A, B, C was 16.02±16.23 kRU/L，21.43±16.15 kRU/L，34.89±19.15 kRU/L respectively. Serum level of anti-β2-GP1 antibody between patients of group B and C was significantly higher than group A （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）, serum level of anti-β2-GP1 antibody was the highest in patients of group C. As carotid atherosclerosis stenosis progressed, serum level of anti-β2-GP1 antibody increased. Serum level of anti-β2-GP1 antibody was positively associated with LDLC. Conclusions Serum levels of anti-β2-GP1 antibody play a role in the occurrence and development of carotid stenosis and LDLC was the independent risk factor of increased serum level anti-β2-GP1 antibody. Serum anti-β2-GP1 antibody may be used as one of the serum biochemical indexes of carotid artery atherosclerosis.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the expression of P66Shc mRNA on peripheral blood monocytes （PBMs） in patients with acute myocardial infarction （AMI） and its relationship with oxidative stress. Methods According to clinical manifestations and results of coronary angiography, 67 patients were recruited to this study . They were divided into three groups: normal control group （n＝23）, stable angina pectoris （SAP）group （n＝23） and AMI group （n＝21）. The levels of serum superoxide dismutase （SOD） and malondialdehyde （MDA） activity were examined to analyze the state of oxidative stress state in all subjects. PBMs were isolated and the expression of P66Shc mRNA was determined by quantitative Real-time PCR. Results The levels of MDA and P66Shc mRNA were greatly increased and SOD were significantly decreased in AMI group in comparison with SAP and normal control group. There were no significant differences between SAP group and normal control group on the levels of serum SOD, MDA and P66Shc mRNA （P>0.05）. The expression of P66Shc was in positive correlation with the level of MDA（r＝0.49,P＝0.024）, but not with the level of SOD in AMI group. Conclusion P66Shc mRNA levels were increased in AMI patients, which may be involved in the mechanism of transition from a stable to an unstable lesion.

Abstract:Aim To discuss cardio-ankle vascular index （CAVI） and ankle-brachial index （ABI） in forecasting value of coronary heart disease （CHD）. Methods 256 patients were randomly selected in cardiology department of our hospital undergoing selective coronary angiography examination and treatment, among which 205 patients with CHD （stenosis≥50%） confirmed by coronary angiography were used as CHD group and divided into the corresponding sub-group according to the count of coronary artery disedse vessels, and the remaining 51 cases （stenosis＜50%） were used as control group （non-CHD group）. CAVI, ABI differences were compared in the two groups. Results Age, diabetes, hypertension, smoking, blood lipids were risk factors for CHD. With the severity of coronary stenosis, CAVI progressively increased, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant （P＜0.01）. ABI of non-CHD group and CHD group were in the normal range, but ABI of CHD group was lower than that of non-CHD group （P＜0.01）. ABI of multiple vessel disease group was lower than that of no-CHD group and single vessel disease group （P＜0.05）. CAVI（＋） predicted a higher sensitivity of CHD （66.4%）, poor specificity （32.7%） ABI reduction predicted a lower sensitivity of CHD （18.0%）, but high specificity （96.2%.） Conclusions CAVI（－） may be a significant independent predictor of non-CHD, CAVI （＋） is helpful for early detection of atherosclerosis, and lower ABI is an independent risk factor for CHD, which can be regarded as a reference index for the diagnosis of CHD.

Abstract:Aim To detect the influence of pretreatment with preoperative low molecular heparin anticoagulation and aspirin antiplatelet on the patients' no-reflow phenomenon and efficacy after interventional therapy of lower limb atherosclerosis occlusion. Methods 126 patients （126 limbs） with lower limb atherosclerosis occlusion undergoing interventional therapy were randomly divided into aspirin group （44 patients） with aspirin for 3～5 days prior to interventional therapy, low molecular heparin group （40 patients） with low molecular heparin for 3～5 days prior to interventional therapy and control group （42 patients） without aspirin and low molecular heparin before interventional therapy. Plasma thrombomodulin（PTM）, soluble fibrin monomer complex（sFMC）, platelet α-granule membrane glycoprotein 140（GMP-140）, D-dimer（DD） and plasma viscosity levels of plasma were measured at four different time points: on admission, before percutaneous transluminal angioplasty（PTA）, immediately after the last PTA and at 24 hours after PTA, while the ankle brachial index （ABI） were detected at two different time points: on admission and at 3 days after PTA. The changes in groups at different time points and the differences between groups at the same time points were compared. The number of postoperative cases of no-reflow occurred limbs, puncture site bleeding or hematoma, acute arterial thrombosis or embolism were recorded at the same time. Results ①In control group, sFMC,GMP-140,DD and plasma viscosity levels was increased （ P<0.05 or 0.01） immediately after the last PTA and rose to peak values, and slightly decreased at 24 hours after PTA, which were still higher than the values before PTA （P<0.05 or 0. 01）. ②Compared with control group, sFMC, GMP-140, DD and plasma viscosity of the two treatments group decreased significantly before PTA（P<0.05）. ③In the two treatment groups,there were no remarkable elevation in the levels of sFMC and plasma viscosity at different time points, compared with the values before PTA （P>0. 05）. However, DD still elevated（P<0.01） compared with the values before PTA, which were much lower than the values at the same time points in control group （P<0.01）.

Abstract:Aim To analyse the risk factors of patients with carotid intima-media thickness. Methods 1214 patients collected from the ward of cardiology were assigned into two groups according to the IMT thickness by high-frequency ultrasound. IMT≤1.0 mm was classified as normal IMT group, IMT>1.0 mm classified as IMT thickening group. The difference of gender, age, smoking, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, systolic blood pressure, total bilirubin （TBIL）, direct bilirubin （DBIL）, indirect bilirubin （IBIL）, bile acid （TBA）, uric acid （UA）, triglyceride （TG）, total cholesterol （TC）, high density lipoprotein （HDLC）, low density lipoprotein （LDLC）, fasting blood glucose （FBG）, D-dimer between the two groups was compared. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyse the relationship of the IMT and the different factors of the two groups. Results ①The proportion of male, smoking, hypertension, type 2 diabete and the factors of systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, UA, DBIL, LDLC, FBG, D-dimer of IMT thickening group was higher than the normal group. The age of IMT thickening group was older than the normal group. The TBA of IMT thickening group was lower than the normal group. Those differences were statistically significant（P<0.05）. But the differences of TBIL,IBIL,TG,TC,HDLC between the two groups was not statistically significant（P<0.05）. ②Stepwise Logistic regression analysis showed that smoking, age, LDLC, DBIL, FBG, SBP, D-dimer as the main factors were positively correlated with IMT thickening and its odds ratio （OR）: smoking 2.904（95%CI: 2.050～4.113）, LDLC 1.838 （95%CI：1.534～2.202）, age 1.137（95%CI:1.118～1.157）, FBG 1.072（95%CI:1.008～1.140）, systolic blood pressure 1.011（95%CI:1.005～1.018）, DBIL 1.093（95%CI:1.015～1.176）, D-dimer 1.455（95%CI:1.187～1.785）. Conclusions Smoking, high LDLC, old age, high FBG, elevated systolic blood pressure, high DBIL, high D-dimer are major risk factors for IMT thickening. The foundings have some limitations for cardiovascular patients enrolled,which should be confirmed by multi-center prospective studies.

Abstract:Aim To study the relationship between serum homocysteine （Hcy） and carotid plaque in patient with aged cerebral infarction. Methods 165 aged （≥70） cerebral infarction patients from July 2008 to October 2010 were selected. The serum levels of Hcy determine and carotid artery ultrasonography technique were performed for all patients. The relationship between carotid plaque and serum homocysteine of divided groups were compared. Results The level of Hcy was higher in patients with carotid plaque （22.65±6.17 μmol/L） than that in patients without carotid plaque （12.20±2.52 μmol/L P＜0.05）. The level of Hcy was higher in patients with soft carotid plaque （26.71±8.17 μmol/L） than that in patients with compound carotid plaque （20.31±7.06 μmol/L P＜0.05），the level of Hcy was higher in patients with compound carotid plaque than that in patients with strong carotid plaque （19.67±3.80 μmol/L P＜0.05）. Logistic regression analysis showed that Hcy was an independent risk fator of carotid plaque （P＜0.05）. Conclusions There was a severitily correlation beween Hcy level and carotid plaque in aged cerebral infarction patient, and Hcy level is an independent risk fator of carotid plaque.

Abstract:Aim To explore the correlation between cystatin C （Cys C） and the severity of chronic heart failure （CHF）. Methods We selected 925 patients with CHF hospitalized in Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University between February 2009 and January 2012. The database was created and analyzed with SPSS software version 17.0. We analyzed the relativity between Cys C and the severity of CHF with one-way analysis of variance, χ² inspection and Logistic analysis and decided the best critical value of Cys C used as the reference index of moderate and severe cardiac dysfunction with receiver operating characteristic curve （ROC curve）. Results For patients with functional class II-IV ［New York Heart Association （NYHA）］, the density of Cys C is 1.22±0.62, 1.56±0.91, 1.72±1.00 mg/L separately, there is statistical significance in group comparison （P<0.01） in multifactor Logistic analysis, after adjusting many potential influential factors, the OR of Cys C is 2.087 （95%CI: 1.125-3.874） when it is a continuous variable, and 2.335 （95%CI: 1.243-4.385） when it is a binary variable. The best critical value of Cys C used as the reference index of moderate and severe cardiac dysfunction is 1.37 mg/L, when the sensitivity is 95%, the critical value is 0.77 mg/L, when the specificity is 95%, it is 2.57 mg/L. Conclusion The Cys C is an independent risk factor to evaluate the severity of cardiac dysfunction and for patients with CHF, the best critical value of Cys C used as the reference index of moderate and severe cardiac dysfunction is 1.37 mg/L.

Abstract:Aim To develop mouse model of diabetic atherosclerosis. Methods 46 male 8-week-old apolipoprotein E knockout （ApoE^-/-） mice were randomly divided into control group, high-fat group, streptozotocin （STZ） low-dose group and high-dose group, low-dose group was treated with 5 daily intraperitoneal injections of STZ 55 mg/kg per day, high-dose group was treated with intraperitoneal injection of STZ 200 mg/kg for once. After 2 months, all of the mice were sacrificed and the blood samples were collected, the body weight, fasting blood glucose （FBG）, total cholesterol （TG）, triglyceride （TC）, low density lipoprotein （LDL）, high density lipoprotein （HDL）, the plaque area of aortic root were detected. Results High-dose group had unacceptable mortality, low-dose group got higher FBG, TG, TC, LDL, HDL and more plaque area compared with control group and high-fat group （P＜0.01）, high-fat group got mildly elevated FGB （7.78±0.67 mmol/L）. Conclusions ApoE^-/- mice treated with 5 daily intraperitoneal injections of STZ is an ideal mouse model of diabetic atherosclerosis, ApoE^-/- mice supplied with high-fat diet got elevated fasting glucose, and ApoE^-/- mice treated with high-dose of STZ is not proper for the model.

Abstract:Based on the theory of aging: nonenzymatic glycosylation,we review the articles about how the reaction of nonenzymatic glycosylation makes effect on blood vessels, causing vascular injury both under physiological and pathological conditions. These works confirm that the process of nonenzymatic glycosylation becomes more serious with increase of age, which can damage blood vessels through many complicated ways and lead to vascular age-related changes in range of form and function. This article tries to discuss the relationship between nonenzymatic glycosylation and vascular aging, aiming to provide the theoretical basis for future research of delaying vascular aging.

Abstract:Reverse cholesterol transport（RCT） is the only mechanism of cholesterol efflux in the body. It is important to maintain the cholesterol homeostasis. MicroRNAs have a close relationship with many pathophy-siological processes in vivo, such as tumor, lipid metabolism and immune function. MicroRNAs gradually become new drug targets.The recent studies indicate that MicroRNAs play important roles in RCT. This paper reviews the MicroRNAs that can regulate the RCT process, including miR-33, miR-758, miR-106b, miR-26, miR-27. These findings show that MicroRNAs play important roles in RCT and atherosclerosis, and provide new drug targets for clinical prevention Atherosclerosis.

Abstract:Coronary artery calcification （CAC）, as detected with computed tomography, identifies the presence of coronary artery atherosclerosis. It is positively associated with coronary heart disease （CHD） and cardiovascular disease events. In general, the established risk factors for coronary calcification were age, elevated blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, etc. CAC may also be influenced by life styles, such as smoking, coffee and tea consumption. Understanding how these various factors differentially influence the development of CAC may provide important ways to prevent the presence and progress of CAC.

Abstract:Cerebral small vessel disease is the most common cause of vascular dementia. In recent year, cerebral small vessel disease has been recognised as a serious problem, which not only can cause substantial cognitive, but also can influence psychiatric and physical disabilities. In this review, the focus will be on diseases of the definition, classification, pathological features, neuroimaging and congnitive impairment.