Abstract:Vascular calcification is a pathologic process of calcium-phosphate deposition in the vessel wall that has been associated with aging,atherosclerotic plaque,cardiovascular disease,diabetes mellitus,chronic kidney disease,uremic arteriole and cardiac valves. However,there have not effective treatments for vascular calcification. Several of the key mechanisms involve in vascular calcification,such as markers of osteoblast and osteoclast,inhibitors of vascular calcification, matrix vesicles,micro ribonucleic acid,inbalance of calcium and phosphate homeostasis,disorder of vascular paracrine or autocrine factor,oxidant stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Focus on basic and translational medicine of vessel calcification and,thereby,reveal mechanism of vascular calcification and reduce cardiovascular risk.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the effect and the possible mechanism of homocysteine （Hcy） on vascular smooth muscle cells （VSMC） calcification.Methods VSMC were treated with Hcy,endoplasmic reticulum stress （ERS） inhibitors 4-Phenylbutyric acid （PBA） and taurine （TAU）. Alizarin red staining,calcium content and alkaline phosphatase （ALP） activity assay were used to determine VSMC calcification. Western Blot was used to measure the protein expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress （ERS） markers.Results Hcy with different concentration （50,100,200,400 μmol/L） can exacerbate VSMC calcification. Compared with the calcification group,calcium content of VSMC was increased by 2.5-fold （P<0.01）,4.17-fold （P<0.01）,5.83-fold （P<0.05） and 8.33-fold （P<0.01） respectively,the ALP activity,was elevated by 1.56-fold （P<0.05）,2.18-fold （P<0.05）,2.56-fold （P<0.01）,and 3.13-fold （P<0.01）,respectively. Hcy could increase expression of ERS markers,p-PERK,p-IRE1,and ATF6 were increased by 37.8%,27.5%,and 26% （All P<0.05） respectively,compared with calcification group alone. PBA and TAU inhibited the increase in ERS related proteins which induced by Hcy,compared with Hcy group,p-PERK decreased 64% and 76% （both P<0.01）,p-IRE1 decreased 65% and 41.1% （both P<0.01）,ATF6 decreased 50% and 47% （both P<0.01）,CHOP decreased 47.4% and 39.5% （both P<0.01）,PERK decreased 58.6% and 69% （both P<0.01）,GRP78 decreased 79.5% and 72.7% （both P<0.01） treated with PBA and TAU. ERS inhibitor PBA and TAU could inhibit VSMC calcification induced by Hcy,calcification node,ALP activity and calcium content were reduced by PBA and TAU. In addition,PBA and TAU also blocked the VSMC contractile phenotype transforming into to osteoblast-like phenotype induced by Hcy. Compared with Hcy group,SMα-actin increased by 2.9-fold and 3.1-fold （both P<0.01）,SM22α increased by 1.8-fold and 2.3-fold （both P<0.01）,OPN decreased by 2.73-fold and 4.2-fold （both P<0.01） by PBA and TAU respectively.

Abstract:Aim To determine that chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia （CIHH） could improve vascular calcification （VC） through blocked endoplasmic reticulum stress （ERS）.Methods He rats model of VC was induced by vitamin D3 plus nicotine （VDN）. The Ca²⁺ content of aorta and alkaline phosphatase （ALP） activity of aorta and plasma was detected. The protein expression level was measured by Western blot.Results Compared with the control group,Ca²⁺ content of aorta and alkaline phosphatase （ALP） activity of aorta and plasma was significantly increased in VDN rats （P<0.05）. In calcified vascular,the protein expression of contractile phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cell （VSMC）,calponin and SM22α,was down-regulated （P<0.05）,while that of osteoblast-like phenotype of VSMC,BMP2 and RUNX2 was up-regulated. CIHH could improve the all aboved issues （P<0.05）. Furthermore,CIHH could prevent the induction of protein level of ERS markers,GRP78,CHOP and active-caspase12 in calcified aorta （P<0.05）.Conclusions These results suggested that CIHH could ameliorate VC through inhibiting ERS,which might provide new strategy and target for prevention and therapy of VC.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the risk factors of abdominal aortic calcification（AAC） for maintenance hemodialysis（MHD） patients.Methods The lateral X-ray plain films of abdomen were used for AAC evaluation in MHD patients. 177 MHD patients were divided into calcified group（AAC＞0）and non-calcified group（AAC0）. The demographic characteristics,dialysis vintage,clinical history as cardiovascular events,hypertension,hyperlipidemia,diabetes,medication history of calcium carbonate and active vitamin D,laboratory markers as serum calcium,phosphorus,intact parathyroid hormone（iPTH） and hypersensitive c-reactive protein（hs-CRP） were compared between the two groups. The risk factors of AAC were analyzed by Logistic regression model. The probability of AAC among patients with different level of iPTH was evaluated.Results There are 103（58.2%） MHD patients with AAC. The incidence of cardiovascular events was significantly higher in calcified group compared with non-calcified group（33.3% vs 9.4%）. The results of univariable analysis showed that the number of patients with aging,longer history of dialysis,higher levels of hs-CRP,history of hyperlipidemia or hypertension,medication history of calcium carbonate or nonselective active vitamin D in calcified group was more than that in non-calcified group. The difference was statistically significant. The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that aging,hyperlipidemia,hypertension,longer dialysis vintage,higher iPTH and hs-CRP levels,medical history of nonselective active vitamin D or calcium carbonate were risk factors of AAC. Serum iPTH level was positively correlated with the incidence of AAC even after adjusted by age,gender,smoking,dialysis vintage,history of hypertension or diabetes,high hs-CRP,medication history of nonselective active vitamin D or calcium carbonate.Conclusion The incidence of AAC is higher in MHD patients,which might affect the prognosis of cardiovascular events. Aging,hyperlipidemia,hypertension,dialysis vintage,higher hs-CRP,nonselective active vitamin D and calcium carbonate use are risk factors of AAC. The higher levesl of iPTH might be one of the most important risk factors of AAC for MHD patients.

Abstract:The macro-vessels and micro-vessels of heart,brain,kidney,eyes and other vital organs are widely damaged in diabetes mellitus. It is shown the vascular endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis,associated with impaired endogenous vascular repair mechanisms lead to serious complications,such as diabetic nephropathy,cardiomyopathy,retinopathy. Vascular calcification widely exists in patients with diabetes,and it is also an important sign of predicting clinical cardiovascular events. In this review，the focus will be on the prevalence,characteristics and related risk factors of vascular calcification in diabetes,clarified main mechanisms and the latest progress which might be of significance to prevent,delay or even reverse the process of vascular calcification.

Abstract:Vascular calcification is a common complication in diabetic patients,which includes intimal calcification and medial calcification. Vascular calcification is usually progressive and a predictor of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in these patients. Vascular calcification in diabetics is an active,highly regulated,cell-mediated process involved in various promotors and inhibitors. Various factors play a significant role in vascular calcification,including hyperglycemia,insulin resistance,kidney disease,inflammation,abnormal bone-associated protein,etc. There is no effective treatment for vascular calcification in diabetics at present. It is very important to evaluate and control risk factors of vascular calcification and provide preventive therapy for patients with diabetes.

Abstract:Aim To research the role of adiponectin（APN）in hypertension-induced cardiac inflammation and fibrosis.Methods Select 12 homozygous adiponectin knockout mice（APN^-/-） and 12 wild-type mice （WT） to establish the hypertension model by using the trace of continuous infusion pump angiotensin Ⅱ （AngⅡ） （1500 ng·min,7 d）,and the control group was given the trace of pump infusion acetic acid solution and for 7 days. The experiment is divided into four groups at random: the control group of wild-type mice （WT,6）,+ angiotensin Ⅱ group of wild type mice （WT + AngⅡ,6）,APN^-/- in the control group （APN^-/-,6）,APN^-/- + angiotensin Ⅱ （APN^-/- + AngⅡ ,6）,using noninvasive blood to pressure mice tail artery blood pressure,detecting the content of sICAM 1,sVCAM 1 and vWF in serum by using the method of ELISA. Myocardial tissue masson staining was used to observe cardiac fibrosis,α-SMA immunohistochemical method to observe the formation of muscle fibroblasts,HE staining to observe the inflammatory cells infiltration,western blot method to measure TGF-β,TNF-α protein expression.Results Compared with WT group,the blood pressure of WT + AngⅡ group begins to rise at the next day ,and the blood pressure increases obviously （P<0.05） for seven consecutive days,which explains that the building is successful. Compared with WT + AngⅡ group,the blood pressure of APN^-/- + AngⅡ group increases obviously （P<0.05）,inflammatory cells infiltration increases obviously （P<0.05）,the content of sICAM 1,sVCAM 1,vWF increases obviously,the expression of TGF-β and TNF-α is upregulated obviously,α-SMA + muscle fibroblast populations increase （P<0.05）.Conclusion In the process of high blood pressure caused by cardiac fibrosis,adiponectin maybe protect vasc ular endothelium injury,inhibiting inflammatory reaction,thereby inhibiting cardiac fibrosis.

Abstract:Aim To explore the effect of Nrf2 gene in silent bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells （MSC） that take siRNA as the vector on the myocardial fibrosis and ventricular remodeling after the treatment of rat myocardial infarction （MI） with its transplantation as well as to investigate the potential mechanism of this process.Methods The established MI rat models were randomly divided into MSC transplantation group with silent Nrf2 gene （MSCNrf2－/－）,MSC transplantation group with over expression of Nrf2 gene （MSCNrf2＋/＋）,and MSC transplantation group with PBS （control group）,12 rats in each group. At the 28 th day after cell transplantation,the collagen deposition and fibrosis degrees after MI were evaluated using myocardial tissue Masson staining,the expression levels of infarcted myocardium Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1） proteins were detected using Western blot,LVEDD,LVESD and LVEF were evaluated using echocardiography.Results At the 28 th day after cell transplantation,Masson staining results showed that myocardial tissue fibrosis degree in MSCNrf2－/－ group was severer than that in control group （P<0.05）,but the MSCNrf2＋/＋group showed to decrease with control group （P<0.05）. Western blot results showed that the Nrf2 and HO-1 protein expression decreased in MSCNrf2－/－ group with a statistically significant difference compared with control group （P<0.05）,however,the Nrf2 and HO-1 protein expression in MSCNrf2＋/＋ group significantly increased compared with control group （P<0.05）. Echocardiography results showed that LVEDD and LVESD values increased and LVEF value decreased in MSCNrf2－/－ group with a statistically significant difference compared with control group （P<0.05）. While the comparison of control group,LVEDD and LVESD values decreased and LVEF value increased in MSCNrf2＋/＋ group.Conclusions Nrf2 siRNA can effectively interfere the expression of Nrf2 in MSC and reduce the repair ability of exogenous MSC for MI heart,which will increase the collagen deposition in infarcted area,thus contributing to ventricular remodeling and reducing cardiac function.

Abstract:Aim To investigate whether Chinese yellow wine has influences on activity of homocysteine-induced in rat endothelial progenitor cells.Methods Rat bone marrow was extracted to harvest mononuclear cells （MNC） by density gradient centrifugation,and then the cells were plated on fibronectin-coated culture dishes,which were induced into endothelial progenitor cells by EGM-2 complete medium supplemented with cell growth factor. After 7 days,the adhered cells were collected to be used in all studies. Endothelial progenitor cells were characterized as adherent cells double positive for Di-LDL uptake and lectin binding by direct fluorescent staining under a laser scanning confocal microscope. Endothelial progenitor cells were incubated with one kind of wine （at the concentrations of 0%,0.2%,0.4%,0.8% and 1.6%） and 300 μmol/L Hcy for 24 h. The optimal concentration of the wine was selected. In another experiment,the cells were divided into 5 groups: control group,Hcy group,Hcy＋yellow wine group,Hcy＋red wine group and Hcy＋ethanol group,and were given the corresponding treatment for 24 h. The amount of eNOS and p-eNOS generated were determined by Western blot. The level of NO were determined by NO kit.Results Compared with control group,the amount of eNOS and p-eNOS generated in Hcy group were significantly decreased （P<0.01）,but significantly improved in Hcy＋yellow wine group and Hcy＋red wine group compared with Hcy group （P<0.01）,and there was no significant difference between Hcy＋ethanol group and Hcy group （P>0.05）. Compared with control group,the level of NO in Hcy group were significantly decreased （P<0.001）,but significantly improved in Hcy＋yellow wine group and Hcy＋red wine group compared with Hcy group （P<0.001）,Hcy＋yellow wine group was markedly better than Hcy＋red wine group （P<0.001）,the level of NO decreased markedly in Hcy group compared to Hcy＋yellow wine group and Hcy＋red wine group （P<0.001）,there was no statistical difference between Hcy＋ethanol group and Hcy group （P>0.05）.Conclusions Hcy may result in decreasing the amount of eNOS,p-eNOS generated and level of NO in endothelial progenitor cells,and treatment with yellow wine or red wine improves Hcy-induced endothelial progenitor cells functional activity.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate （EGCG） on advanced glycosylation end product （AGE） induced apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cell （HUVEC） and the possible mechanism.Methods HUVEC was incubated with 200 mg/L AGE for 24 h in the presence or absence of different concentrations of EGCG （50,100 μmol/L） for further 8 h. The same concentration and action time of unmodified bovine serum albumin （BSA） was put into use as control group. Cell viability was evaluated by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium （MTT） assay. Morphological change in HUVEC was observed by Hoechst-33258 staining,and cell apoptosis was analysed by Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining assay. Oxidative stress in HUVEC was evaluated by reactive oxygen species （ROS）.Results Compared with BSA,AGE induced obvious morphological changes of cell apoptosis,such as chromatin pyknosis,karyorrhexis,reduced cell viability （P＜0.01）,increased apoptosis rate （P＜0.01）,enhanced oxidative stress reaction （P＜0.01）. Pretreatment with EGCG （50,100 μmol/L） in a concentration-dependent manner increased cell viability （P＜0.01）,relieved the morphological changes of cell apoptosis,decreased AGE-induced apoptosis and ROS production （P＜0.01）.Conclusion Our findings indicated that EGCG decreased AGE-induced apoptosis in HUVEC via the inhibition of oxidatie stress reaction.

Abstract:Aim Certain long-chain water-soluble polymer,known as drag reducing polymer （DRP）,when added in minute concentrations,have been shown to decrease peripheral vascular resistance. In this study,the effect of DRP on the hypertension-induced aortic remodeling was evaluated in spontaneous hypertensive rat （SHR）.Methods 24 male SHR were divided into three groups 8 male,age matched Wistar rats （WR） as control. The experimental groups of SHR received an intravenous injection of normal saline （SHR＋NS group）,10 mg/L DRP （SHR＋10 mg/L DRP group）,20 mg/L DRP （SHR＋20 mg/L DRP group）,respectively. The control group only received equal-volume of normal saline （WR＋NS group）. The whole study spanned 2 months,and body weight,heart rate,systolic blood pressure were measured at the beginning and every 20 days. Then blood sample and aorta were collected. Serum endothelin （ET） was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The aorta was stained by hematoxylin-eosin （HE）,andaortic medial thickness was evaluated for each section. The expression of endothelin-1 （ET-1） of aorta was examined by immunohistochemistry.Results There was no significant difference between the SHR groups in body weight and heart rate during the treatment period. Systolic blood pressure was significantly reduced in SHR＋20 mg/L DRP group than in SHR＋NS group （P<0.05）,while there was no significant difference between SHR＋10 mg/L DRP group and SHR＋NS group. Compared with the SHR＋NS group,the levels of serum ET decreased in SHR＋10 mg/L DRP group and SHR＋20 mg/L DRP group （P<0.05）. The medial thickness of the aorta was reduced in SHR＋10 mg/L DRP group and SHR＋20 mg/L DRP group compared with SHR＋NS group. The expression of ET-1 of the aorta was significantly attenuated in SHR＋10 mg/L DRP group and SHR＋20 mg/L DRP group.Conclusions These results suggest that chronic treatment with DRP can protect against aortic remodeling in spontaneous hypertensive rats,possibly by improving blood shear stress in aorta. DRP may offer a new approach to the treatment of aortic remodeling caused by hypertension.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the effects of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-4 （IGFBP4） on vascular endothelial cell senescence.Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells （HUVEC） were cultured in vitro. A HUVEC aging model was established through cell passaging. Lentivirus expressing IGFBP4 or si-IGFBP4,and empty vector transfected HUVEC,then the effects of IGFBP4 on the aging process of these endothelial cells were studied by using light microscopy,senescence-associated （SA） β-galactosidase staining,and cell cycle analysis.Results After lentivirus transfection,the HUVEC passage number of the overexpressing IGFBP4（+） group （IGFBP（+） group） was higher than that of the empty vector group （control group） and IGFBP4 silenced groups （IGFBP4（－） group） （14.33±0.67 vs 9.67±0.33 and 10.67±0.33,P<0.05） The cell senescence rate of the IGFBP4（+） group was lower than that of the control group and IGFBP4（－） group in every passage （take the 6th passage for example,24.60%±0.90% vs 34.92%±0.92% and 33.74%±0.62%,P<0.05） Along with degenerate,the decreased cell proliferation index （△PI） from young passage （2nd passage） to old passage （6th passage） of IGFBP4（+） was smaller than control group and IGFBP4（－） group （10.35%±0.57% vs 14.90%±0.85% and 13.99%±0.65%,P<0.05）.Conclusions IGFBP4 overexpression could inhibit HUVEC senescence.

Abstract:Aim To explore the expressions of cyclophilin A （CyPA）/CD147 in rabbit atherosclerotic vulnerable plaques.Methods 16 healthy male New Zealand rabbits （3 months） were randomly divided into control group and model group,8 rabbits in each group. Rabbit model with typical atherosclerotic vulnerable plaque was developed by injuring carotid intima with liquid nitrogen combined with high-fat diet. Meanwhile,the control group was fed with standard diet,and without injuriy. Expressions of C-reactive protein （CRP）,CyPA and CD147 in serum of rabbits were tested at the beginning and the 13th week. All rabbits were sacrificed after 13 weeks. Then paraffin-embedded sections were used for HE staining and Masson trichrome staining to analyze the changes of vascular morphology. Additionally,macrophagocyte,CyPA and CD147 monoclonal antibodies were applied for immunohistochemistry staining.Results Atherosclerotic vulnerable plaques were found in model group but not in control group. There were rich expressions of CyPA and CD147 with zonal distribution and co-location in the same atherosclerotic vulnerable plaques. The expressions of CyPA,CD147 and CRP in serum increased significantly in model group compared with those in control group at the 13th week （P<0.05）.Conclusions High expressions of CyPA and CD147 were found in atherosclerotic vulnerable plaques,and the expressions of CyPA and CD147 were the risk factors of the atherosclerotic vulnerable plaques,which have a positive correlation with the existence of atherosclerotic vulnerable plaques.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the clinical features of the risk factors of premenopausal women with coronary heart disease（CHD）.Methods From October 2013 to May 2014,60 premenopausal women patients diagnosed as coronary heart disease were included. According to the coronary angiography（CAG） result,all patients were divided into CHD group （35 patients） and control group （25 patients）. All of the 60 cases were measured to determinate the level of total cholesterol （TC）,triglycerides （TG）,high density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDLC）,low density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDLC）,blood uric acid （UA） and routine blood,age,weight,family history of coronary heart disease,hypertension history and diabetes history in details.Results Compared with the control group,there were significant higher proportion of hypertension,family history of coronary heart disease,diabetes,systolic blood pressure （SBP） and increased TG,UA,neutrophils,monocytes levels （P<0.05） and decreased HDLC,hemoglobin（Hb） level in CHD group. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed diabetes,TG,UA,SBP and decreased HDLC were independent risk factors for CHD group patients.Conclusions The study suggests that TG,hypertension,SBP,diabetes,UA and lower HDLC levels were independent risk factors for premenopausal women with coronary heart disease.

Abstract:Aim To find out the risk factors of in-hospital mortality in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction （STEMI） treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） and intra-aortic balloon pumping （IABP）.Methods We retrospectively studied 91 patients with STEMI who had undergone primary PCI and IABP in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from January 2010 to September 2014. Clinical and angiographic characteristics between the death group and the survival group were compared to fingure out the risk factors of in-hospital mortality.Results The patients in death group were older and had higher Killips classification at admission than those in survival group. No significant differences were found in other baseline clinical characteristics between the two groups. The total ischemic time and the frequency of IABP inserted before PCI were also similar in the two groups. TIMI 3 flow after primary PCI was positive predictor of the in-hospital mortality （OR＝0.462,P<0.05） while age （OR＝1.081,P< 0.05）,Killips class≥3 （OR＝6.703,P<0.01）,diseased left main trunk （OR＝7.273,P<0.05） and peak serum CK-MB concentration （OR＝1.003,P<0.01） were negative predictors of the in-hospital mortality.Conclusions For patients with acute STEMI treated with primary PCI and IABP,TIMI 3 flow after PCI can decrease the in-hospital mortality while older,Killips class≥3,diseased left main trunk and higher peak serum CK-MB concentrations can increase the in-hospital mortality.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the association between high density lipoprotein （HDL） subclasses and plasma cholesterol concentration in metabolic syndrome （MS）.Methods Concentrations of plasma lipids and the apolipoproteins were detected by automated biochemical analyzer,HDL subclasses were determined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis associated with immunodetection. According to the Chinese Adult Dyslipidemia Prevention Guide,the MS subjects were divided into three groups of total cholesterol （TC） <5.17 mmol/L,5.17 mmol/L≤TC<6.21 mmol/L,TC≥6.21 mmol/L.Results Compared with their counterparts of the control,the levels of plasma fasting plasma glucose （FPG）,TC,TG,low density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDLC）,apolipoprotein B₁₀₀（apoB₁₀₀）,preβ₁-HDL,HDL_3b,apoB₁₀₀/AI and LDLC/HDLC were significantly increased in MS （P<0.05 or P<0.001）,the concentrations of high density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDLC）,apolipoprotein AI （apoAI）,HDL_2a and HDL_2b were significantly decreased in MS （P<0.05 or P<0.001）. The content of preβ₁-HDL and HDL_3b were increased,while the HDL_2a and HDL_2b were decreased significantly,with the increasing of plasma TC levels in MS. The decreasing of HDLC levels and （or） the increasing of LDLC levels make the plasma HDL subclass abnormal,what’s more,the abnormal HDLC content played a stronger role when both of them are abnormal,the content of small particles preβ₁-HDL have increasing trend and the content of HDL_2b have decreasing trend. The levels of plasma TC,HDLC and LDLC were positively correlated with the abnormal HDL subclass distribution analyzed by linear correlation and multiple regression analysis.Conclusion The plasma TC level may be related to HDL subclasses distribution abnormality in MS.

Abstract:Aim The aim of this study is to explore the correlation between serum vitamin D level and atherogenic index of plasma （AIP） in male.Methods From January to December in 2013,male 934 cases were selected in physical examination center of the 306th hospital of PLA. Fasting venous blood was collected from cases. Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D ［25（OH）D］ level was determinated. Serum triglyceride and high density lipoprotein cholesterol were detected,and AIP was calculated. The relationship between 25（OH）D and AIP was analyzed.Results The average level of 25（OH）D and AIP in entire subjects were 52.23±21.59 nmol/L and 0.10±0.30 respectively. There was a negative correlation between the level of 25（OH）D and AIP （r＝－0.10,P＜0.01）. The value of AIP was significantly higher in vitamin D deficient group than that in vitamin D normal group （0.13±0.30 vs 0.08±0.29,P＜0.05）. The serum 25（OH）D concentration in the AIP abnormal group was significantly lower than that in the AIP normal group （51.35±21.06 nmol/L vs 54.66±21.90 nmol/L,P＜0.05）.Conclusions The serum vitamin D level is closely related to the AIP in male. Thereby,maintaining the body’s normal level of vitamin D may have benefits on the prevention of the atherosclerosis and atherosclerosis related diseases.

Abstract:Aim To observe relationship between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein （hs-CRP）,high mobility group box-1 protein （HMGB1） and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 （ICAM1） with GRACE score,and to clarify the value of hs-CRP,HMGB1 and ICAM1 in estimating the criticality of non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome （NSTEACS） patients.Methods According to the GRACE score NSTEACS patients were divided into different groups: risk group （≤108 scores）,middle risk group （109～140 scores）,high risk group （＞140 scores）,and 20 volunteers negative in coronary angiography （CAG） were as the control group. The levels of hs-CRP,HMGB1,ICAM1 in each group were detected,and the indexes were compared among various groups. Relationship between the indexes and GRACE score was analyzed.Results The levels of hs-CRP,HMGB1,ICAM1 in four groups were significantly different from each other. At the same time,hs-CRP,HMGB1,ICAM1 have significantly positive relationship with GRACE score （r＝0.498,0.561,0.526）. Conclusion hs-CRP,HMGB1,ICAM1 have intimate connection with GRACE score,and have practical value in estimating the criticality of NSTEACS patients.

Abstract:Atherosclerosis is one of the comprehensive diseases which caused by several factors such as inflammation,innate immunity and lipid infiltration. MiRNA comprise a novel class of endogenous,small RNA of 18～24 nucleotides that regulate the expression of target gene at posttranscriptional level. MiRNAs’ dysfunction is involved in all the stages of atherosclerosis. Among these miRNAs,miR-145 can affect the proliferation,migration and phenotype transformation of cells and participate in atherosclerosis,through regulating the target gene downstream.

Abstract:Adiponectin （APN） is secreted from adipose tissue and contributed to the important protective effects in metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Level of APN is markedly reduced in patients with obesity,diabetes,hypertension,and coronary artery disease. APN exerts the effects of increasing insulin sensitivity,anti-inflammation,anti-atherosclerosis and protecting myocardium. This review will focus on functions involved in APN and its receptors in diabetes,insulin resistance,metabolic syndrome,cardiovascular disease.

Abstract:Glucagon-like peptide-1 （GLP-1）,which can stimulate insulin secretion and inhibit glucagon secretion and so on,is an incretin secreted by the intestinal endocrine L cells. Because GLP-1 has a short half-life,synthetic analogs with a longer half-life have been developed for clinical use as a new class of antidiabetic agents. Recently,studies show that GLP-1 can also protect myocardium by reducing reperfusion injury in ischemia-reperfusion. This paper makes a review on molecular mechanisms of myocardial protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury by GLP-1.

Abstract:Aortic dissection （AD） is extremely dangerous,with high mortality. However,aortic dissection pathogenesis remains unclear,some genes and protein correlation with aortic dissection,as well as the signaling pathway and regulation mechanism that may be involved in the pathogenesis of aortic dissection,have been found already. This review is about the research progress of aortic dissection associated proteins and signaling pathway.