Abstract:Aim To assess the effects of angiopoietin-like 2 （Angptl2） on atherosclerotic calcification in aortic artery of ApoE^－/－ mice. Methods Twelve 6-week-old male mice were randomly divided into control group （n6） and interventional group （n6）,the control group were fed with high fat diet and the interventional group were fed with high fat diet and at the eighth week interventional group mice were infused （intravenously） with purified recombinant Angptl2 once a week for one month. All mice were sacrificed when the mice were 16 weeks old,blood was collected and plasma triglyceride （TG）,total cholesterol （TC）,low density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDLC） were measured,aortic sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin（HE）or von kossa and were observed under microscope. Calcium content and alkaline phosphatase activity of aorta were measured to measure the degree of vascular calcification. The expressions of Runx2 protein and mRNA levels in aotic sections of mice were detected by immunohistochemisty,Western Blot and qRT-PCR respectively. Results The plasma TG,TC and LDLC level in interventional group was significantly higher than that in control group and the expression of Runx2 in aortic had the similar results. HE staining demonstrated significant thickening of the intima，with typical atherosclerotic plaque formation in interventional group mice，and von Kossa staining showed spotty black clumps of aortic calcification under the fibrous cap plaque,while control group had atherosclerotic plaques without significant calcium deposits formation The quantitative analysis showed that aortic vascular wall calcium and alkaline phosphatase activity were significantly higher in the intervention group than that of the control group （P<0.01）. Conclusions Angptl2 could increase ApoE^－/－ mice plasma lipid level,it also facilitate the expression of Runx2,calcium content and ALP activity in aortic and then accelerate atherosclerotic calcification. Our experiments demonstrated that Angptl2 could accelerate atherosclerotic calcification. It reminded us that by controlling or decreasing the Anglt2 level in plasma could help inhibit atherosclerotic calcification and then provides a new target to prevent coronary heart disease.

Abstract:Aim To study the effect of the combined peroxisome proliferator activated receptor （PPAR） ligand （pioglitazone） and MEK1/2 inhibitor （U0126） on the development of atherosclerosis in ApoE deficient （ApoE^－/－） mice and define the underlying mechanisms. Methods Male ApoE^－/－ mice （8 Week-old） were randomly divided into three groups and received the following treatment:high fat diet （HFD）,HFD containing pioglitazone,HFD containing pioglitazone plus U0126. The treatment was lasted for 16 weeks with routine check of food intake,water drinking and bodyweight gain. At the end of treatment,all the mice were anesthetized and euthanized in a CO₂ chamber followed by collection of blood,aorta and liver. The serum was prepared followed by determination of triglycerides （TG）,total cholesterol,HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels using commercially available enzymatic kits. The 5 μm frozen sections of aortic root were prepared,and lesions in enface aorta and the aortic root cross sections were determined by oil red O staining. The liver frozen sections were prepared and used to determine hepatic lipid content by oil red O staining. A piece of liver （～50 mg） was used to extract total lipids followed by TG quantitative analysis. Results The treatment had little effect on serum lipid profiles as well as hepatic TG levels. However,pioglitazone significantly inhibited the development of atherosclerosis and the inhibition was enhanced by adding U0126. The combined pioglitazone and U0126 increased lesion stability by increasing collagen and elastin content in aortic wall. Conclusions The combined pioglitazone and U0126 inhibits the development of atherosclerosis without side effects,such as fatty liver disease and liver damage. Our results provide a new approach for treatment of atherosclerosis.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the effect of tissue factor pathway inhibitor （TFPI） gene transfer on the expression of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins（IAP） in vascular smooth muscle cell （VSMC）. Methods Human TFPI or LacZ recombinant adenovirus or DMEM was used to infect rat aortic VSMC in vitro respectively. ELISA was used to examine the expression of exogenous TFPI gene. RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of c-IAP1mRNA and western blot was used to detect the expression of survivin at different time points after gene transfer. Results TFPI protein expression was detected in VSMC at 1st day after gene transfer and the peak expression was at the 3rd day. The expression of c-IAP1mRNA in TFPI group was reduced compared with those in the LacZ and DMEM groups （P<0.05）. The expression of survivin in TFPI group was also decreased compared with those in LacZ and DMEM groups （P<0.05） in a time dependent manner. Conclusions TFPI might induce VSMC apoptosis through the inhibition on the expression of IAP,and therefore reduce the occurrence of restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention.

Abstract:Aim To explore the effect of miR-152 on low density lipoprotein receptor （LDLR） expression and hepatocyte lipid uptake. Methods Bioinformatics websites predicted the combination of miR-152 with LDLR 3’UTR. Luciferase reporter assay confirmed the binding of miR-152 to LDLR 3’UTR. LDLR expression was measured by Western Bolt,and intracellular lipid droplet stained with oil red O in HepG2 cells transfected miR-152 mimic and inhibitor. Results MiR-152 was bound to the 872-878 sites within human LDLR 3’UTR,furthermore,their binding free energy was very low. MiR-152 obviously inhibited the luciferase activity and hepatocyte LDLR expression. Lipid uptake was dramatically suppressed in HepG2 cells treated with miR-152. The exactly opposite results were observed by anti-miR-152 treatment. Conclusions MiR-152 targets LDLR expression and inhibits hepatocyte lipid uptake.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the role of inflammatory factor and endothelial damage factor in high-salt induced hypertensive rat model. Methods Wistar rats with 8-week old were randomly divided into control group （fed with tap water,n30） and model group （fed with high-salt water containing 2% NaCl,n50）. After fed for 21 days,the blood pressure and hemodynamic parameters were determined. The high-sensitivity C-reactive protein （hs-CRP）,monocyte chemotactic protein-1 （MCP-1）,tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）,interleukin-6 （IL-6）,von Willebrand factor （vWF）,6-keto-prostaglandin （6-K-PG）,endothelial nitric oxide synthase （eNOS）,nitric oxide （NO） and endothelin-1 （ET-1） were detected by the ELISA method. Results After 21 days of high salt dietary,the blood pressure in model group was significantly higher than blank control group. The left ventricular mass index （LVMI） and left ventricular end diastolic pressure （LVEDP） in model group were significantly higher than control group,and the maximal rate of rise and fall of the ventricular pressure （±dp/dt_max） was lower than control group after experiment（P<0.05）. Compared with control group,the hs-CRP,MCP-1,TNF-α and IL-6 in blood plasma were significantly increased in model group,and the levels of the hs-CRP,MCP-1,TNF-α and IL-6 were found to be positively correlated with blood pressure （r0.731,0.583,0.858,0.836,P<0.05）. The vWF and ET-1 were increased and positively correlated with blood pressure too （r0.680,0.739,P<0.05）. The NO,6-K-PG and eNOS were reduced in model group,and the levels of NO,6-K-PG and eNOS were negatively correlated with blood pressure （r－0.710,－0.658,－0.721,P<0.05）. Conclusion After fed with high-salt water for 3 weeks,the blood pressure of model group elevated. There are inflammatory reaction and damage of endothelium in model group.

Abstract:Aim To explore the effects of nuciferine on the expressions of CD36 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ （PPARγ） in THP-1 derived macrophages,and the signal transduction pathway. Methods THP-1 derived macrophages were randomly divided into groups of normal,oxidized low density lipoprotein （ox-LDL）,nuciferine and ciglitazone. Macrophage cells were valued by oil red O staining. The expressions of CD36 and PPARγ were measured by RT-PCR and Western blot,respectively. Results Compared with normal group,lipid droplets were increased while mRNA and protein expressions of CD36 and PPARγ were upregulated in ox-LDL group. Compared with ox-LDL group,lipid droplets were decreased while mRNA and protein expressions of CD36 and PPARγ were downregulated in nuciferine group. Compared with nuciferine group,lipid droplets had no difference while mRNA and protein expressions of CD36 and PPARγ were upregulated in ciglitazone group. Conclusions Nuciferine downregulates CD36 expression in THP-1 derived macrophages,lessen the degree of foam formation. Nuciferine downregulates CD36 expression by downregulating PPARγ expression.

Abstract:Aim Anti-apoptotic factor Humanin may have a protective effect on endothelial function and progression of atherosclerosis by modulating oxidative stress and apoptosis in the developing plaque. But there has been no report on whether it has an impact on platelet hypersensitivity in the atherosclerotic mouse models. Here we examined the effect of Humanin analogue （［Gly14］-Huamnin,HNG） on the development of atherosclerosis and platelet hypersensitivity in low-density lipoprotein receptor knock-out mice. Methods Mice （8 weeks old） were grouped into wild type mice on normal chow diet （CD） and LDLR^-/- mice on high fat diet （HFD） with or without HNG injection. At week 4,12,24,blood was obtained from the inferior vena cava and platelets were isolated and measured for aggregation in a Chrono-log lumi-aggregometer and serum lipid level was measured. At the right time,the aorta was stained with Sudan IV and lipid deposition was quantified using Image-Pro Plus. Results After 24 weeks on HFD,LDLR^-/- mice showed large area of plaques formed in the aorta and an altered lipid profile as compared to WT mice on CD. Platelets of LDLR^-/- mice on HFD showed significantly higher reactivity than WT mice on CD in response to ADP （n10,P<0.01）. Most importantly,administration of HNG inhibited the formation of atherosclerotic plaque in the aorta （n10,P<0.01） and decreased platelet reactivity to ADP （n10,P<0.01） in LDLR^-/- mice on HFD. Conclusion Our data showed that HNG reduces platelet hypersensitivity in the setting of hyperlipidemia,providing a potential alternative mechanism by which HNG reduces plaque formation.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the influence of rate-pressure product （RPP） on right subclavian artery plaque detection rate. Methods A total of 5852 participants were selected with stratified random sampling from the 101510 workers of Tangshan KaiLuan company who received the health examination. 5154 of them with integral data were recruited into the survey. The observation population was divided into four groups according to RPP collected during 2010～2011 health examinations: quartile 1 （RPP＜7707）,quartile 2 （7707≤RPP＜8970）,quartile 3 （8970≤RPP＜10401）,quartile 4 （RPP≥10401）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influence of RPP on detection rate of right subclavian artery plaque. Results （1）The study included 5154 participants（male 3100 cases，female 2054 cases） with a mean age of 54.83 years. （2） The right subclavian artery plaque detection rate was 33.1%. The right subclavian artery plaque detection rate for the above quartiles of RPP were 27.1%,30.4%,35.1% and 39.8%,respectively. （3）After adjusting for confounding parameters such as age,gender and other risk factors,multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of detection of right subclavian artery plaque was increased in quartile 3 and 4 of RPP compared with quartile 1,and the OR values were 1.22（95%CI 1.01～1.47） and 1.28（95%CI 1.05～1.55）,respectively. Conclusion Increased RPP increase the detection risk of right subclavian artery plaque.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the accuracy of platelet-lymphocyte ratio （PLR） predicting left ventricular systolic dysfunction （LVSD） in patients with non ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction （NSTEMI）. Methods 98 NSTEMI patients in our hospital from January,2013 to January,2014 were selected as the observation group,and another 30 ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction （STEMI） patients and 30 healthy persons with the same age in the same period were selected as the control group. Platelets and lymphocyte count of 3 groups the day after being included in the experiment were detected and PLR was calculated. All the patients in the observation group had no LVEF and were followed up every 3 months,and the total follow up period was 1 year. In follow up,ejection fraction （EF） and left ventricular end diastolic volume （LVEDV） of the observation group were tested by cardiac ultrasound and divided into LVSD group （EF≤50%,n63） and non-LVSD group （EF＞50%,n35） according to EF. PLR of LVSD group and non-LVSD group were compared. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between PLR and LVSD incidence of NSTEMI patients and ROC curve was used to analyze the predict accuracy of PLR on LVSD of NSTEMI patients. Results PLR of observation group and STEMI group had no statistical significance （P＞0.05）. Compared with control group,platelet count and PLR of observation group was higher while lymphocyte count of observation group was lower,and the difference was statistically significant （P<0.05）. The lowest,highest and average PLR of LVSD group were 66.86,744.68 and 169.78±44.96 respectively,which were higher than the 22.68,324.55 and 100.47±32.67 of the non-LVSD group,and the difference had statistical significance （P<0.05）. Pearson correlation analysis results showed that PLR and LVSD incidence of NSTEMI patients was significantly and positively correlated （r0.876,P<0.01）. Area under the ROC curve,sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of PLR （474.58） predicting LVSD of NSTEMI patients were high,which mean that prediction value of PLR on LVSD of NSTEMI patients was good. Conclusions PLR in NSTEMI patients was significantly elevated and associated with the incidence of LVSD of NSTEMI patients. Predict value of PLR on LVSD of NSTEMI patients was good and prediction value of PLR value as 474.58 was the best,thus NSTEMI patients with high PLR should be alert to LVSD and intervened as early as possible in order to improve the prognosis of patients.

Abstract:Aim To analyze and to compare the application of fractional flow reserve （FFR） and coronary angiography （CAG） on instructing the treatment of borderline lesion of left main coronary artery. Methods 187 patients with borderline lesions in left main coronary artery confirmed by the CAG were divided into four groups: CAG medicine treatment group,CAG intervention group,FFR medicine treatment group,FFR intervention group. CAG medicine treatment group was treated merely with optimal secondary prevention medicine for coronary artery disease,but no percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）. CAG intervention group accepted PCI according to the operator's experience,the patient's clinical symptoms and the related auxiliary examination. FFR medicine treatment group was treated with medicine therapy according to FFR value＞0.80. FFR intervention group was treated with PCI according to FFR value≤0.80. All patients were given optimal secondary prevention medicine for coronary heart disease. Main adverse cardiac event （including cardiovascular death,non-fatal myocardial infarction,target vessel revascularization） and angina pectoris classification of Canadian Cardiovascular Society （CCS） were analyzed in the 12 months follow-up period. Results The 4 groups had no cardiovascular death and CCS Ⅳ grade angina pectoris attack. Compared with CAG-guided medicine treatment group and intervention group,non-fatal myocardial infarction,target vessel revascularization and CCS Ⅰ～Ⅲ grade angina pectoris decreased significantly in FFR-guided medicine treatment group and intervention group （P<0.05）. Conclusion FFR have a certain guiding significanc in the therapy of borderline lesion of left main coronary artery.

Abstract:Aim To explore the expression level and clinical significance of miR-328,miR-22 and miR-147 in coronay heart disease （CHD） patients in plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMC） . Methods 100 cases with CHD and healthy volunteers were screened Expression of miR-328,miR-22 and miR-147 in plasma and PBMC in different groups was detected by real-time quantitative PCR. Results Compared with the patients with non-CHD,the plasma expression of miR-328 and miR-22 in patients with CHD significantly increased,and the plasma expression of miR-147 in patients with CHD significantly decreasedCompared with the non-CHD,the expression of miR-328 in PBMC had no significant difference in CHD group,and the expression of miR-22 in PBMC was up-regulated in CHD group,but the expression of miR-147 in PBMC was obviously down-regulated Compared with the patients with non-AMI,the expression of miR-328 and miR-22 in plasma was significantly increased in AMI,but the expression of miR-147 in plasma was obviously decreased in AMI In addition,the miR-328 and miR-147 levels in PBMC in AMI patients were slightly lower,and the miR-22 level was elevated in PBMC in AMI patients. Conclusion Significantly differently expressed miR-328,miR-22 and miR-147 are expected to be new cardiovascular disease markers or gene therapeutic targets in CHD patients.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the effects of atorvastatin calcium on plasma homocysteine （Hcy） and carotid artery atherosclerosis in patients with H type hypertension. Methods 180 cases of H type hypertensive patients （50～79 years old） were randomly divided into atorvastatin （10 mg/d） treatment group （n＝92） and conventional treatment group i.e.control group （n＝88）. Blood pressure,blood lipids,Hcy,high-sensitive C-reactive protein （hs-CRP）,and intima-media thickness （IMT） were determined before and after 6 months treatment in all patients. Results In atorvastatin treatment group,after 6 months treatment,the level of low density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly decreased from 2.69±0.44 mmol/L to 1.95±0.37 mmol/L the level of Hcy was significantly decreased from 15.86±3.37 μmol/L to 9.96±3.35 μmol/L the level of hs-CRP was significantly decreased from 5.88±2.82 mg/L to 3.75±2.37 mg/L the IMT was significantly decreased from 1.97±0.76 mm to 1.47±0.68 mm （all P＜0.05）. No significant change was observed in control group. Conclusion On the basis of conventional antihypertension,atorvastatin can significantly decrease the level of plasma Hcy,inhibit inflammatory reaction,and slow down the formation of atherosclerotic plaque in patients with H type hypertension.

Abstract:Aim To explore changes of serum resistin,serum high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T （hs-cTnT） and their correlation with left heart parameters in maintenance hemodialysis （MHD） patients. Methods 60 MHD patients,45 chronic renal failure paitients with non-hemodialysis （non-HD） and 40 healthy controls were selected. Resistin,hs-cTnT and C-reactive protein （CRP） were determined. Left heart function parameters were measured. Results Resistin,hs-cTnT and CRP were significantly higher in MHD patients and non-HD patients compared to healthy controls （all P<0.01）. Left ventricular end-diastolic dimension （LVEDD）,left ventricular mass index （LVMI） and left atrial diameter （LAD） were significantly higher in MHD patients compared to healthy controls （all P<0.01）. Left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF）,left ventricular fractional shortening （LVFS） and E/A were significantly lower in MHD patients compared to healthy controls （all P<0.01）. LVEDD,LVMI and LAD were significantly higher in non-HD patients compared to healthy controls （all P<0.01）. LVEF （P<0.05）,LVFS （P<0.05） and E/A （P<0.01） were significantly lower in non-HD patients compared to healthy controls. Resistin,hs-cTnT,CRP,LVEDD and LVMI were significantly higher in MHD patients compared to non-HD patients （all P<0.01）. Resistin was positively related with hs-cTnT,CRP （all P<0.05） in MHD patients. Resistin,hs-cTnT were positively related with LVEDD,LVMI （all P<0.05）,and negatively related with LVEF,LVFS （all P<0.05） in MHD patients. Conclusions Resistin,hs-cTnT and CRP were increasing significantly in MHD patients and non-HD patients. There were correlation of hs-cTnT with left heart function parameters in MHD patients. The higher level of resistin in MHD patients may relate to their microinflammatory status and cardiovascular diseases.

Abstract:Aim To explore the association between circulating high sensitivity C-reactive protein （hs-CRP）,interleukin-6 （IL-6） and white matter lesion （WML）. Methods In 378 patients with asymptomatic lacunar infarction or dizziness,consecutively admitted to the Department of Neurology of the First People's Hospital of Anqing from Dec.2011 to May.2014，the data including their hs-CRP and IL-6 levels and brain MRI scanning were retrospectively analyzed. Among them 166 patients were finally diagnosed to have WML. The severity of WML in the white matter was classified into three groups according to Fazekas' standard: WML0 level group （72 cases）,WML1 level group （55 cases） and WML2 level group （39 cases）. The differences were compared between the three groups in age,gender,history of smoking,history of coronary heart disease,blood cholesterol and low density lipoprotein levels,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,blood glucose,hs-CRP and IL-6. Results In the WML2 level group the patient's age,history of coronary heart disease,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,total cholesterol,hs-CRP and IL-6 were significantly increased,compared with WML0 level group,there were significant differences （P＜0.05）. Compared with WML1 level group,the patient's age,history of coronary heart disease,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,CRP and IL-6 in the WML2 level group had statistically significant difference （P＜0.05）,implying that age,history of coronary heart disease,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure and total cholesterol were all the risk factors for WML. Advanced analysis using binary Logistic regression demonstrated that statistical difference still existed between the three groups in hs-CRP and IL-6 level even if rejecting the factors of age,history of coronary artery disease,cholesterol and blood pressure. Multivariate regression analysis showed that hs-CRP was correlated with the degree of WML （OR＝1.480,95%CI was 1.030～1.850,P0.032） and IL-6 was correlated with the degree of WML （OR＝1.395,95%CI was 1.002～1.607,P0.040）. Conclusion Hs-CRP,IL-6 levels and the severity of WML are positively correlated.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the effects of atorvastatin on the level of endothelial microparticles （EMP） and carotid artery intima-media thickness （IMT） in type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） patients. Methods To select 90 cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus resident patients,aged between 45 and 75 years old，who were randomly classified into the atorvastatin group and simvastatin group. Under the circumstance of the intervention of life style,all patients undertook oral antidiabetic drug and/or insulin therapy simultaneously,and with aspirin 0.1 g qd. Atorvastatin group was given atorvastatin 20 mg more every night,simvastatin group was given simvastatin 20 mg more every night. The entire course of treatment lasted 24 weeks. The level of EMP,low density lipoprotein cholester （LDLC）,IMT was detected before and after the treatment,and the correlation between them was analyzed statistically. Results In the atorvastatin group and simvastatin group,the IMT decreased significantly （P<0.05） after therapy,while the plasma concentration of EMP,LDLC were decreased （P<0.05）,and the ability of atorvastatin lowering IMT,EMP and LDLC was stronger than the effect of simvastatin. There was positive relationship existing in the values of EMP,LDLC and IMT between the two groups before and after the therapy（P<0.05）. Conclusion Statins was capable of reducing the IMT,LDLC and EMP in patients with T2DM. Its anti-atherogenic ability was not only associated with the lipid-lowering effect,but also might be related to the inhibition of EMP release. Atorvastatin was superior compared with simvastatin on reducing both LDLC and EMP,which might account for the phenomenon of the stronger atherosclerosis resistant of atorvastatin compared with simvastatin.

Abstract:Aim To observe the influence of atorvastatin on serum level of heart fatty acid binding protein （H-FABP）,oxidized low-density lipoprotein （ox-LDL） in the patients of acute cerebral infarction. Methods Patients were divided into 4 groups: normal blood lipid level group with acute cerebral infarction （CI）,higher blood lipid level group with acute cerebral infarction （CIH）,atorvastatin treatment for acute cerebral infarction （CIT）,atorvastatin treatment for higher blood lipid with acute cerebral infarction （CIHT）. H-FABP and ox-LDL were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,blood lipid level was measured by biochemistry. Results The serum level of H-FABP was lower in CIHT,CIT groups than that of CIH,CI groups （P<0.05）. The serum level of ox-LDL in CIHT,CIT groups was lower than that of CI and CIH groups （P<0.01）. Conclusions Atorvastatin can decrease the serum level of H-FABP and ox-LDL,and attenuate neurological deficit in the patients of acute cerebral infarction. The hypothesis of atorvastatin neuroprotection was made that atorvastatin may extenuate brain tissue damage and retard oxidation from acute cerebral infarction.

Abstract:Aim To study the significance of the variations of plasma haptoglobin （Hp） in AMI patients. To discuss the correlation between the level of plasma Hp and the coronary stenosis degree in AMI patients. Methods 98 AMI patients were enrolled in this study and 90 healthy persons were selected as control. Detect plasma level of Hp study the difference of plasma Hp level between AMI group and control group. Analyze the correlation between plasma level of Hp and the counts of coronary stenosis as well as Gensini’s score in AMI group. Results Plasma level of Hp in AMI patients were significantly higher than the level in control （P<0.01）. The plasma level of Hp in AMI patients with double branches or three branches stenosis were significantly higher than the plasma level of Hp in AMI patients with single branch stenosis （P<0.05）. The plasma level of Hp in AMI patients with Gensini’s score>30 were significantly higher than the plasma level of Hp in AMI patients with Gensini’s score<30 （P<0.05）. Plasma level of Hp in patients with AMI were significantly and positively correlated with their Gensini’s score. Conclusion There was some correlation between the increase of the level of Hp and the development of AMI. There was some correlation between the plasma level of Hp and coronary stenosis degree in AMI patients.

Abstract:Arachidonic acid metabolites produced a large number of reactive oxygen species through a variety of ways,which promoted the inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress in vascular endothelial cells Inflammation reaction after percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） is closely related to neointimal formation,excessive intimal hyperplasia leads to in-stent restenosis. However,this whole process involves the production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. Based on metabonomics method,a series of distinctive arachidonic acid metabolites could be screened as a key marker predicting in-stent restenosis after PCI,which could provide new ideas for clinical research and treatment of in-stent restenosis.

Abstract:The accumulation of asymmetric dimethylarginine （ADMA）has been demonstrated to be correlated with the development and progression of diabetic vascular complications including cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease,nephropathy and retinopathy. ADMA can inhibit nitric oxide synthase （NOS） activity and reduce nitric oxide （NO） synthesis,thereafter to promote endothelial dysfunction and mediate the occurrence and development of diabetic vascular diseases.

Abstract:MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are endogenous short non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression by repressing translation or cleaving RNA transcripts in a sequence-specific manner. MiRNA-133 participate in a variety of development and incidence of cardiovascular disease,especially in myocardial remodeling and cardiac arrhythmia,etc.Now，the mechanism of action of the miRNA-133 has not yet been fully understood. This paper summarizes the domestic and foreign research about the mechanism of action of the miRNA-133 and its relationship with coronary heart disease.

Abstract:Atherosclerosis （As） is a chronic inflammatory and immune disease. The correlation between Helicobacter pylori （Hp） infection and atherosclerotic disease has received increasing attention. However,the clear mechanism of Hp contributing to the development of As has not been completely elucidated. Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4） is an important pattern recognition receptor,which induces innate immunity and induction of acquired immunity by microorganism. TLR4 plays a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. TLR4 is expressed on many cells involved in the formation of As. By means of capturing lipopolysaccharide from Hp,TLR4 initiates intracellular signal pathway and leads nuclear factor-kappa B transcription and many inflammatory factors release,and results in inflammatory injury. This article makes a summary on Hp,TLR4 signal pathway and its effects on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis,and provides an implication for prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic artery diseases.