Abstract:Aim To investigate the effects of docosahexaenoic acid （DHA） on monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension （PH） in rats,and explore the potential mechanism involved in its action. Methods 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: nomal control group （n7）,DHA-treated group （n7） and pulmonary hypertension model group （n10）. The monocrotaline （MCT）-induced pulmonary arterial hypertention was established.The microcosmic changes of pulmonary arterial morphologic in lung of rats were measured by optical microscope after the stain of HE. The expression of NFATc1 protein and mRNA levels in pulmonary arterial were detected by immunohistochemistry,Western blot,and qRT-PCR,respectively. Results DHA could significantly inhibit the structural remodeling of small pulmonary arterial induced by MCT. Compared with the normal group,the expressions of NFATc1 protein and mRNA were remarkably increased in MCT group. Compared with MCT group,the expressions of NFATc1 protein and mRNA were decreased significantly in DHA-treated group. Conclusions DHA reverses the development of pulmonary hypertention induced by MCT in rats. The mechanism may be related to reduction of the expression of NFATc1.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the effects of minocycline postconditioning on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats and its possible mechanism. Methods Ninety-six male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups：sham-operation group，ischemia-reperfusion（IR） group，low-dose minocycline （3 mg/kg） group and high-dose minocycline （10 mg/kg） group. The rat model of myocardial IR was established by occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 45 min and reperfusion for 2 hours or 24 hours. After 2 h reperfusion,myocardial area at risk and infarct size were evaluated the amount of TNF-α,IL-1β in serum and myocardium and cardiac MPO activity were assayed myocardial apoptosis index（AI） and the myocardial tissue morphology were detected. The parameters of haemodynamics and myocardial area at risk and infarct size were evaluated 24 h after reperfusion. Results Compared with IR group,both low-dose and high-dose minocycline reduced LVEDP,enhanced HR,LVSP and±dp/dt_max,lowered the amount of TNF-α,IL-1β in serum and myocardium,cardiac MPO activity,and AI （P<0.05 or P<0.01）. Conclusion Minocycline postconditioning may ameliorate heart functions and decrease the infarct size and myocardial apoptosis induced by myocardial IR injury in vivo rats,and the protective effect may be related to interfering with the local and systemic inflammatory reactions.

Abstract:Aim To explore the effect of erythropoietin （EPO） on proliferation and phenotypic transformation of neonatal rat cardiac fibroblast （CF） induced by high glucose in vitro. Methods CF cells were cultured from neonatal rat primary cells. In the process of promoting the phenotypic transformation of CF cells,high glucose medium was selected for induction,and EPO was added for intervention. The same batch of CF cells were randomly divided into three groups: control group （5.5 mmol/L glucose）,high glucose group （25 mmol/L glucose）,and high glucose＋EPO group （25 mmol/L glucose with 20 kU/L EPO）. CF cells were identified by using immunohistochemistry Levels of type Ⅰ and Ⅲ collagens were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） Expression of fibrosis marker α-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA） was detected by Western blot. Results Immunohistochemistry staining showed that fibronectin,vimentin were positive,and α-actin was negative So,the cultured cells were CF cells. Compared with the control group,the expressions of type Ⅰ and Ⅲ collagens were significantly increased in high glucose group （P<0.01）. The expressions of type Ⅰ and Ⅲ collagens in high glucose＋EPO group were significantly lower than those in high glucose group （P<0.01）. The expression of α-SMA in high glucose group was significantly higher than that in control group （P<0.05）. The expression of α-SMA in high glucose＋EPO group was significantly lower than that in high glucose group （P<0.05）. Conclusions High glucose can effectively induce the phenotypic transformation of CF cells. EPO can reverse myocardial fibrosis induced by high glucose environment.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the influence of angiotensin Ⅱ type 2 receptor （AT2R） gene transfection on the maturation and some immune functions of bone marrow derived dendritic cells （BMDC） from mice and explore the mechanism of AT2R-induced immunologic function in atherogenesis. Methods The cell suspension was made from C57BL/6J mice marrow,purified and differentiated to BMDC. First the BMDC were transfected with pAdCMV/AT2R or control virus pAd-GFP,containing green fluorescent protein reporter gene Then were stimulated by 100 μg/L lipopolysaccharide （LPS） into mature DC In the same time were added to antagonist of AT2R as pAdCMV/AT2R+PD123319 group PBS as negative control and LPS as positive control. The expressions of AT2R in DC were evaluated by RT-PCR,immunofluorescence staining and confocal microscope. The CD86 and MHCⅡ expressing rates were detected by fluorescence-activated cell sorting （FACS）. Liquid scintillation counting（LSC） was used in mixed lymphocyte reactions （MLR） to reflect the ability of BMDC to stimulating homologous T cells proliferation. Cytokines IL-12 and IFN-γ were detected by ELISA.Results After pAdCMV/AT2R was transduced into BMDC,the expressions of AT2R mRNA significantly increased at 48 hours and 72 hours,green fluorescence localized to cell nuclei and plasm,red fluorescence labling AT2R was present in cell plasm. Compared with PBS negative control,the expressions of CD86,MHCⅡ was significantly up-regulated in pAdCMV/AT2R group and pAdCMV/AT2R+PD123319 group （P<0.01）,the stimulating capacity of BMDC obviously enhanced （P<0.01）,levels of IFN-γ and IL-12 in the supernatant increased（P<0.01） But compared with LPS positive control,the changes of pAdCMV/AT2R group were significantly decreased（P<0.01 or P<0.05）, the changes of pAdCMV/AT2R+PD123319 group were not significantly different（P>0.05）. Conclusion BMDC can express AT2R stably in vitro,AT2R can inhibit the maturation and immunologic action of BMDC and antagonist of AT2R can hold up the effect,so AT2R may induce inhibition of atherosclerosis.

Abstract:Aim To study the effects of eplerenone （EPL） on heart failure and inflammatory cytokines in central nervous system. Methods Wistar rats were divided into sham group （n6）,PDTC treatment group （n10）,EPL treatment group （n10） and model group （n10）. Then these rats were administrated with PDTC （150 mg/（kg·d））,EPL （30 mg/（kg·d）） and clean distilled water. After six weeks,hemodynamic data was measured,then hypothalamus and serum samples were collected. Cytokines,nuclear factor kappa B （NF-κB）,corticotropin releasing hormone （CRH）,aldosterone （ALD） and norepinephrine （NE） was measured. Results Eplerenone and PDTC could improve heart function. In the model group,expression of ALD,NE,TNF-α,CRH,AngⅡ and NF-κB/p65 increased. Eplerenone and PDTC decreased the expression of these indexes effectively. Expression of CRH positive neurons in the hypothalamus of rats was significantly increased in the model group,which was decreased in eplerenone and PDTC treated group. Conclusions Eplerenone could improve heart function in rats with heart failure,which may be related to the inhibition of expression of inflammatory cytokines in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus.

Abstract:Aim To assess the relationship between neopterin levels and left ventricular remodeling in patients with actue myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）. Methods We prospectively assessed 148 ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction （STEMI） patients undergoing primary PCI between January 2011 and November 2012. Serum neopterin,brain natriuretic peptide （BNP） and high sensitivity C-reactive protein （hs-CRP） concentrations were measured immediately before primary PCI. Echocardiographycally assessment was performed at 24 h and 12 months after myocardial infarction. Left ventricular remodeling （LVR） was defined as >20% increase in left ventricular （LV） end-diastolic volume at 12 months of follow-up compared with baseline. Results At one year,32 patients showed LVR and 116 patients had no LVR. Plasma neopterin levels were significantly higher in patients with LVR than in those without LVR （9.01±1.68 nmol/L vs 4.95±0.83 nmol/L,P<0.001）. Linear regression analysis showed neopterin levels were positively correlated with increased levels of follow-up left ventricular end-diastolic volume （LVEDV） （r0.749,P<0.001）. Logistic analysis after adjustment for relevant confounders,neopterin levels were found to be an independent predictor of LVR（OR3.895,95%CI 2.242～6.767,P<0.001）. ROC analysis showed an area under the curve of 0.973 for neopterin（95%CI 0.948～0.998,P<0.001） regarding LVR. The optimal neopterin cut-off point was 6.38 nmol/L with a sensitivity of 93.8% and a specificity of 94.8%. Conclusion In STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI,neopterin levels are closely related with LVR,high neopterin levels predict LVR at 1-year follow-up.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the correlation of dimethyl arginine dimethylamine hydrolase 2（DDAH2） gene －449G/C polymorphism and plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine （ADMA） levels with atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes （T2DM）. Methods The DDAH2 gene －449G/C polymorphism was detected by polymerase chain reaction-restricted fragment length polymorphism （PCR-RFLP） in 146 normal controls and 238 patients with type 2 diabetes （including 80 without atherosclerosis patients （D0 group）,71 early atherosclerosis patients （D1 group）,87 middle-late atherosclerosis patients （D2 group））. The plasma levels of ADMA were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The genotype frequencies,allele frequencies and clinical index were compared among these groups. Results The G/G genotype frequencies and G allele frequencies in D1＋D2 group were significantly higher than those in D0 group （P<0.05）. In patients with type 2 diabetes,plasma ADMA level in G/G genotype group was significantly higher than that in C/C＋G/C genotype （P<0.05）. The ADMA levels among groups: D1＋D2 group＞D0 group,D2 group＞D1 group＞D0 group. A statistically significant difference was revealed after performing covariance analysis on the data （P<0.01）.Logistic regression analysis showed that plasma ADMA levels were the determinants of the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. The G/G genotypes of DDAH2 gene were the determinants in atherosclerosis patients. Conclusions The G/G genotype of DDAH2 gene may be genetic predisposing factor of atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes in the Han population of Yunnan. The G/G genotype of DDAH2 gene carries higher ADMA levels. The level of plasma ADMA may be a predictor of the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the correlation between ankle brachial index （ABI）,brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity （BaPWV） and cardiac structure and function in patients with essential hypertension. Methods The study was performed on 151 hypertension patients who meet the criteria in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from August 2013 to October 2014. These selected patients were inquired for case history and given physical examination,the blood pressure,automatic arteriosclerosis tester（VP-1000）,cardiac ultrasound and blood biochemistry detection. According to the value of ABI and BaPWV,all patients were divided into two groups: low ABI group and normal ABI group,high BaPWV group and normal BaPWV group. Results （1） Interventricular septal thickness（IVST） in low ABI group was significantly higher than those in normal ABI group（P<0.05）. Compared with normal ABI group,left ventricular ejection fraction（LVEF） and blood flow peaks E and A ratio（E/A） in low ABI group were obviously reduced（P＜0.05） Left atrium diameter（LAD） and IVST in high BaPWV group were higher than those in normal BaPWV group（P<0.05）. LVEF in high BaPWV group was lower than those in normal BaPWV group （P<0.05）. （2）Correlation analysis revealed that there was negetive correlation between ABI and IVST（r＝－0.769,P<0.05）,positive correlation between ABI and LVEF,E/A（r 0.668,0.566,P<0.05）. There was positive correlation between BaPWV and LAD,IVST（r0.331,0.474,P<0.05），negative correlation between BaPWV and LVEF（r＝－0.526,P<0.05）. Conclusion There was a significant correlation between ABI,BaPWV and cardiac structure and function in patients with essential hypertention,which can provide information for clinical doctors,early intervention treatment.

Abstract:Aim To study the efficacy of early using tirofiban on heart function in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction （STEMI） accepted percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） and its safety. Methods According to tirofiban administration time,60 cases of patients with STEMI were randomly divided into two groups: （1）early group （n＝30）: tirofiban was given before entering the emergency room and PCI （2）control group （n＝30）: tirofiban was given during the PCI operation. The level of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide （NT-proBNP） and cardiac troponin I （cTnI） were measured. The changes of left ventricular end-systolic diameter （LVESD）,left ventricular end-diastolic diameter （LVEDD） and left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF） were observed. In addition,main adverse cardiac event （MACE） and the incidence of bleeding complication were compared in 24 hours and 30 days after PCI. Results Compared with the control group,NT-proBNP was significantly decreased in 1 week after PCI,and cTnI was significantly decreased in 24 hours and 1 week after PCI in the early group （P<0.01）. There were no significant differences in LVESD and LVEDD in 1 week after PCI between two groups （P>0.05）,but LVEF was significantly higher in the early group than that in the control group （P<0.05）. There were no significant differences in MACE and the incidence of bleeding between the two groups （P>0.05）. Conclusion Early administration of tirofiban before emergency PCI can significantly increase LVEF and improve heart function in patients with acute STEMI,furthermore,safety is good.

Abstract:Aim To explore the predictive value of serum osteopontin （OPN） level on in-stent restenosis （ISR） after percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）. Methods A total of 120 patients（68 males and 52 females） with acute coronary syndrome or stable angina pectoris successfully treated with PCI were collected,who were followed-up for 1 year and reexamined with coronary angiography （CAG）. The average age of the patients was 59.38±11.13. According to the results of CAG,study subjects were divided into ISR group and non-ISR group. Clinical data,serum OPN and other biochemical patameters were analyzed and compared between two groups. Results The level of serum OPN was significantly higher in ISR group than that in non-ISR group （4.79±1.09 μg/L vs 3.11±1.13 μg/L,P<0.01）. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that high serum OPN was an independent risk factor of ISR （OR＝3.034,95%CI: 1.532～6.007,P<0.01）. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve （ROC） for OPN in evaluating prognosis of ISR patients was 0.872 （95%CI: 0.770～0.975,P<0.01）. The optimal cut-off value of OPN was 4.16 μg/L,at that point,the positive predictive rate for ISR was 56.5%,negative rate was 95.9%,sensitivity was 76.5%,specificity was 89.3%,and accuracy was 88.3%. Conclusions Serum OPN level is closely related with ISR after PCI. It has a certain predictive value for the occurrence of ISR,and its negative rate is especially high.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the prevalence status of hypertension in physical examination population of Guilin and analyze major risk factors of hypertension. Methods 6 660 physical examination people were cross-sectionally investigated by the method of cluster random sampling,mainly including questionnaire investigation,physique measurement and liver color doppler ultrasound examination. Results The crude prevalence of hypertension in the physical examination population was 24.4% （male 27.0% female 21.5%） and the national population rate of being standardized was 20.5% （male standardized rate 22.3% female standardized rate 18.5%）. The prevalence of hypertension increased with age,and the prevalence was obviously higher in male than female before the age of 70（P<0.01 or P<0.05）,while after the age of 70 the prevalence was obviously higher in female than male（P<0.01）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that high age,high BMI,fatty liver,hyperuricemia,high TG,high TC and hyperglycemia were risk factors of hypertension. Conclusions The prevalence of hypertension in physical examination population of Guilin was high in southwestern China. High age,high BMI,fatty liver,hyperuricemia,high TG,high TC and hyperglycemia were risk factors of hypertension.

Abstract:Aim Fever （body temperature,BT>37.5℃） was a commonly clinic scenery in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction （STEMI） patients with primary percutaneous coronary intervention （PPCI）,while whether it has adverse effect on those patients with short-term prognosis was still unknown. Our study was mainly to observe its short-term adverse effect in STEMI patients with PPCI. Method With a retrospective analysis of 282 STEMI patients undergone PPCI,all patients’ BT peak in hospital was measured and divided into two groups,the fever group （BT>37.5℃） and the control group （BT≤37.5℃）. Compared two groups in the incidence of major adverse cardiac events （including cardiac death,non-fatal myocardial infarction and revascularization）. Results 106 patients were in the fever group with the percentage of 37.6% （106/282）. The white blood cells count,high-sensitivity C reactive protein and troponin I levels in the fever group were obviously higher than that in the control group,the frequency of myocardial infarction in past history and the left ventricular ejection fraction were much lower in the fever group,and there was no significant difference in hypertension,hyperlipidemia,angiography,diabetes mellitus and interventional treatment. The major adverse cardiac events at the sixth month were significantly higher in the fever group. Conclusion The fever is a predicted factor to poor short-term prognosis in STEMI patients with PPCI.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the effect of thrombus aspiration in the elderly patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction （STEMI） during the direct percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）. Methods A total of 108 consecutive acute STEMI elderly patients （60-75 years years old） received PCI in the Frist People's Hospilal of Jingmen enrolled in this study from January 2011 to December 2013. These patients were divided into 2 groups: control group （n＝68） who underwent only PCI operation,and combined group （n＝40） who underwent thrombus aspiration combined PCI. The basic data,immediate postoperative coronary angiography,postoperative corrected TIMI frame count （CTFC）,hospitalization,and follow-up of 6 months after discharge were compared between the two groups. Results （1）The baseline data were identical and comparable in the two groups. （2）Compared with the control group,postoperative thrombolysis in myocardial infarction （TIMI） grade,rate of TIMI 3 and ST segment down back ＞50% ratio at postoperative 90 minutes were significantly higher,but rate of no-reflow and CTFC were significantly lower in the combined group （P<0.05）. There was no significant difference in mortality during hospitalization between the two groups （P>0.05）. （3）After follow-up 6 months,there were no statistical differences in total mortality,main adverse cardiac event （MACE） and rehospitalization rate for angina pectoris between the two groups （P>0.05）. Left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF） of combined group was higher than that of control group （P<0.05）. Conclusions Thrombus aspiration can effectively reduce thrombus burden in coronary artery for elderly patients with acute STEMI. It can markedly improve microcirculation perfusion of myocardial tissue and cardiac function after PCI operation.

Abstract:Aim To explore the effect of waist circumference （WC） on the detection rate of carotid plaque in the middle-aged and elderly people. Methods Prospective cohort study method was used in this study. A total of 5852 individuals were stratified randomly and selected from the 101510 participants in Tangshan Kailuan Company community in 2006～2007 health examination survey. A total of 5440 people （age above 40 years old,free of stroke,free of TIA or free of mycardial infarction） were enrolled in this study. A total of 3 individuals who had no waist circumference information were excluded and thus 5437 subjects were included for final analysis. It contained 3255 males and 2182 females,the average age was 55.2±11.8 years. According to the baseline WC measurement and its quartile in the health examination during 2006～2007,the observed subjects were divided into two groups （central obesity group and non-obesity group） or four groups （first,second,third and forth quartile groups）. Multiple Logistic regression analysis was used to test the relation between the change in WC and the detection rate of carotid plaques. Results The detection rate of carotid plaques in central obesity group was higher than that in non-obesity group （57.1% vs.42.9%,P<0.01）. Along with increasing WC in the 4 quartile groups,the detection rate of carotid plaques was progressively increased,being 43.6%,53.0%,58.0%,and 61.0%,respectively in the total population. Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the first quartile group,the second,third and forth quartile groups had increased risk of carotid plaques,the OR value was 1.203,1.305 and 1.302,respectively. Conclusion The detection rate of carotid plaques was increased with increasing WC in the middle-aged and elderly population.

Abstract:Aim To explore the application of carbohydrate antigen 125 （CA125） and amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide （NT-proBNP） in patients with chronic heart failure. Methods 284 patients with cardiac diseases were divided into four groups （Heart function Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ） according to New York Heart Association （NYHA） class and their serum concentrations of CA125 and NT-proBNP were tested respectively. Then,combined with renal function we respectively compared the level of CA125 and NT-proBNP in the patients with normal renal function or impaired renal function. Results CA125 and NT-proBNP had a significant correlation （r＝0.49,P<0.01） in 284 chosen patients. NT-proBNP concentration was increasing with the level of heart function grade in patients with heart function （Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ）（P<0.05）,but NT-proBNP concentration was lower in the patients with heart function Ⅳ than the patients with heart function Ⅲ. However,CA125 concentration was significantly increasing with the level of heart function grade （P<0.05）. In addition combined with renal function,CA125 and NT-proBNP concentration were both significantly increasing with the level of heart function grade （P<0.05） and had a significant correlation （r＝0.700,P<0.01） in 145 patients with normal renal function （eGFR≥60 mL/（min·1.73 m²））. Among 139 patients with impaired renal function （eGFR＜60 mL/（min·1.73 m²））,CA125 and NT-proBNP had a significant correlation （r＝0.292,P<0.01）,NT-proBNP concentration was increasing with the level of heart function grade in patients with heart function （Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ） （P<0.05）,but NT-proBNP concentration was significantly lower in the patients with heart function Ⅳ than the patients with heart function Ⅲ （P<0.05）,however CA125 concentration was significantly increasing with the level of heart function grade （P<0.05）. Conclusions Concentration of CA125 and NT-proBNP in serum showed a significant correlation with heart function and could be valuable index in the diagnosis of heart failure. Impaired renal function could interfere with the NT-proBNP concentration,but did not affect the CA125 concentration. Thus,NT-proBNP combined with CA125 would be very useful method to establish diagnosis and treatment in heart failure,especially with renal dysfunction.

Abstract:Aim To investigate correlation between renal function and severity of coronary lesions and ACS.Methods A total of 344 patients treated in the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University who were diagnosed by coronary angiography were studied. The patients were divided into 3 groups:Unstable Angina （UA） group,n165Acute Myocardial Infarction （AMI） group,n93 and control group of the patients with CAG showing no evidence of coronary artery disease,n86. Total cholesterol （TC）,low density lipoprotein cholesterol（LDLC）,high denslity lipoprotein cholesterol （HDLC） were measured by enzymic method and lipoprotein a by immune turbidity method Serum creatinine by picric acid methodThe calculation method of eGFR was the aMDRD formulaThe method of evaluating the severity of coronary lesions was the modified Gensini. Results （1）The Scr of Control group ,UA group and AMI group were （64.32±10.53）μmol/L，70.54±13.42 μmol/L and 85.47±13.52 μmol/L（the Control vs AMI group ,P<0.05） The eGFR ［mL/（ min·1.73 m² ）］ of Control group ,UA group and AMI group were 113.52±17.47 mL/（min·1.73 m² ），88.54±14.53 mL/（min·1.73 m² ） and 80.53±13.63 mL/（min·1.73 m²）（all P<0.05）The Gensini scores of the UA group and AMI group were 40.54±23.45 and 54.78±23.78（P<0.05）. （2）There was a negative corelation between eGFR and Gensini scores（r－0.507）LDLC（r0.865）,TC（r0.743） and Lp（a） （r0.221） were positively correlated with Gensini scores （all P<0.001） . （3） Multivariate logistic regression analysis （forward method） indicated that eGFR（OR0.249，95%CI 0.132～0.472，P<0.001）,LDLC（OR15.724，95%CI 8.042～30.732，P<0.001）and TC（OR7.402，95%CI 4.534～12.083，P<0.001）were interrelated with ACS. （4）Results of follow up:there was no statistical difference in follow up time,mortality,MACE,tking time of aspirin and clopidogrel,rehospitalization for angina.Conclusion There was a connection between renal function and ACS. The lower the eGFR the more serious the coronary lesions . eGFR was one of the independent risk factors for diagnosing ACS. Our study haven’t observed CKD affecting the short-term prognosis of PCI.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the consistency of carotid intima-media thickness （IMT） and carotid atherosclerosis plaque and coronary heart disease,to provide a method and basis for clinical early diagnosis and treatment of coronary heart disease. Methods 179 suspected coronary heart disease patients underwent coronary angiography （CAG） and carotid ultrasound to measure carotid IMT and calculate the plaque score. Patients were divided into coronary heart disease group and non-coronary heart disease group by imaging results. The relationship between carotid IMT and carotid atherosclerosis plaque and coronary heart disease weres analyzed. Results Coronary heart disease group had 114 cases,non-coronary heart disease group had 65 cases,the carotid IMT of patients in the two groups were 1.08±0.48 mm and 0.85±0.20 mm respectively,the plaque scores of patients in the two groups were 1.61±1.02 and 1.07±0.43,and the incidence of carotid artery plaque was 79.83% （91/114） and 21.54% （14/65）,the differences were statstically significant （P<0.01）. Conclusion Carotid IMT or carotid atherosclerosis plaque are highly related with coronary heart disease,which can be used as screening for coronary heart disease.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the present prevalence and risk factors of high LDLC among middle and aged population in urban and rural areas of Chengdu,and to lay the foundation for the future of hyperlipidemia prevention. Methods To investigate the prevalence of high LDLC and influential factors in Chengdu. 5230 persons of 40～79 years old in the urban and rural communities were investigated . Data were collected through questionnaire,physical examination,and laboratory tests. Results The prevalence rate of elevated LDLC among middle-aged and elderly people was 2.18% in Chengdu and the standardized prevalence rate was 2.03%. In 40～74 years old ,the prevalence of elevated LDLC increased gradually with age. The prevalence rate decreased slightly after 75 years old. There was no difference in the prevalence of urban and rural areas. The risk factors of high LDLC in middle-aged and elderly male population in Chengdu area were age and diabetes. Moderate drinking was a protective factor. Risk factors of elevated LDLC in middle-aged and elderly women were rmacrosomia,abdominal obesity and diabetes,protective factors were moderate alcohol consumption and physical exercise. Conclusion Prevalence of elevated LDLC among middle-aged and elderly people in urban and rural Chengdu is low. It is lower than the national level. To decrease prevalence of high low density lipoprotein cholesterol is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease. Prevention of diabetes,moderate drinking and physical exercise may have positive significance in the prevention of elevated LDLC.

Abstract:Signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 （STAT4） is one of the signal transducer and activator of transcription （STAT） protein family which share common structural features. As an intracellular signal transducer,STAT4 involves in cellular differentiation,inflammation and other physiological or pathological process. Some recent studies suggest that STAT4 influence innate and adaptive immunity as well as the distribution of arterial smooth muscle cells in the process of atherogenesis. Therefore,extensive researches are necessary in revealing underlying mechanisms of STAT4’s role in the process of atherogenesis.

Abstract:Minimally oxidized low density lipoprotein activates Toll-like receptor-4 on the cytomembrane of macrophage,signal adapter molecule: spleen tyrosine kinase,and the downstream signal pathway,leading to cytoskeleton rearrangement,fluid phase uptake,reactive oxygen species generation,and proinflammatory cytokine secretion,which promotes the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. Therefore,signal molecules in this pathway may become new targets in the treatment of atherosclerosis.

Abstract:Recently,exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation has been an important role in preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases. It brings to a great deal of cardiovascular benefit,there is an increasing evidence support that exercise training can promote angiogenesis in coronary heart disease,but the mechanism of angiogenesis is still not fully clarified. Multiple research has proved out that exercise training can increase endothelial progenitor cell （EPC） number and promote EPC’s function to accelerate angiogenesis. At the same time,exercise can also raise the change of microRNA level,while these microRNA may participate in the angiogenesis process. Besides,microRNA level changing may influence EPC function to modulate angiogenesis during physical exercise. This review will focus on discussing the role of exercise training in angiogenesis by EPC and microRNA level,which may provide a new idea to research and treat coronary heart disease.