Abstract:Aim To evaluate the effect of Schlafen 1 (Slfn1) on the adhension of endothelial progenitor cells (EPC). Methods Ad-Slfn1, ShRNA-Slfn1, ShRNA-control and Ad-control were transfected into EPC respectively.Then EPC were plated on fibronectin-coated culture dishes, adherent cells were counted. The protein of Slfn1 and Cyclin D1 were examined by Western blot. EPC cell cycle was examined by flow cytometry analysis. Results On 48 h after transfected ShRNA-Slfn1, the expression of Slfn1 protein was decreased significantly compared to that in ShRNA-control group (P<0.05), the transfection of Ad-Slfn1 reversed these responses. Overexpression of Slfn1 suppressed the adhension of EPC; conversely, the silencing of Slfn1 using shRNA-Slfn1 increased the adhension of EPC. In addition, cell cycle was arrested G1 phase in Ad-Slfn1 group. Whereas the transfection of shRNA-Slfn1 reversed these responses. The expression of Cyclin D1 protein after transfection of shRNA-Slfn1 was increased clearly compared to that in ShRNA-control group (P<0.05), in contrast, overexpression of Slfn1 reversed these results. Cyclin D1 was involved in Slfn1-mediated EPC adhension. Conclusion Slfn1 reduced the adhension of EPC through Cyclin D1.

Abstract:Aim To evaluate the effect of Alisol A 24-acetate on the protein expression of lipid metabolism factors ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), class B scavenger receptor (CD36) and inflammatory factors extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (CD147), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in oxidized low density liprotein (ox-LDL)-stimulated rat peritoneal macrophages. Methods Rat peritoneal macrophages were respectively treated with 50 mg/L ox-LDL and 10 mg/L Dil-ox-LDL, and intervened with 10 mg/L Alisol A 24-acetate. Dil-ox-LDL accumulation in macrophages was observed with fluorescence microscope. The protein expression of ABCA1, CD147, CD36 and MMP-9 were detected by Western blot. Results After induced with 10 mg/L Dil-ox-LDL, a large number of Dil-ox-LDL accumulation was observed in peritoneal macrophages of rats. Intracellular Dil-ox-LDL accumulation was significantly reduced after 10 mg/L Alisol A 24-acetate intervention. Compared with the control group, the protein expressions of ABCA1, CD36 and CD147, MMP-9 were significantly increased in peritoneal macrophages after induced with 50 ox-LDL mg/L. After 10 mg/L Alisol A 24-acetate intervention, the protein expression of ABCA1 was increased further (P<0.01), and protein expressions of CD36, CD147 and MMP-9 were significantly inhibited (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusions Alisol A 24-acetate can increase the expression of lipid metabolic factor ABCA1, inhibit the expression of CD36, and reduce cholesterol accumulation in macrophages. Also it can inhibit the secretion of inflammatory factors CD147 and MMP-9.

Abstract:Aim To study the function of microRNA-124-2 in the process of which CD137-CD137L interaction regulates the NFATc1 in mouse vascular smooth muscle cells. Methods With the stimulation/inhibition of CD137-CD137L axis by anti-CD137/anti-CD137L, RT-PCR technique was used to detect the expression of microRNA-124-2 in mouse vessel smooth muscle cells(VSMC). Liposomal transfection was used to transfect microRNA-124-2 mimic and inhibitor into mouse VSMC, then the change of NFATc1 mRNA and protein expressions was analyzed by qRT-PCR and Western blot after stimulated with anti-CD137/anti-CD137L in the corresponding group. Luciferase Reporter Assay system was used to validate the role of microRNA-124-2 for NFATc1-3′UTR. Results Compared with the control group,the expression of microRNA-124-2 had reduced after stimulated by anti-CD137(0.29±0.13 vs 1.00±0.00, P<0.05), and increased by anti-CD137L(3.42±0.17 vs 1.00±0.00, P<0.05). The regulation of CD137-CD137L axis to NFATc1 could be reversed by transfected with mimic or inhibitor. Dual-Luciferase activity assay showed that microRNA-124-2 had an inhibition on NFATc1-3′UTR(0.283±0.011 vs 1.294±0.143,P<0.001). Conclusions microRNA-124-2 could be regulated by CD137-CD137L interaction and thus affect NFATc1’s expression.

Abstract:Aim To observe the effect of interferon-inducible protein 204 (p204) on the apoptosis, proliferation and migration of vascular adventitial fibroblast cells (VAF) in rat. Methods The specific small interference RNA (siRNA) of p204 gene (Ifi204) were transfected into VAF in vitro instantaneously. VAF were divided into three groups, Ifi204 siRNA transfection group (Ifi204-siRNA), control siRNA transfection group (Con-siRNA), untreated VAF as a negative intervention control group (Neg). Then the cell vitality to reflect cell proliferation was analyzed by MTT method, cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry, cell migration by scratch assay and transwell chamber. The mRNA and protein levels of p204, p53 and p21 were measured by real-time qRT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. Results After transfection of the Ifi204 siRNA, the mRNA and protein expression levels of p204, p53 and p21 were decreased in the VAF, and the cell apoptosis was inhibited, the cell proliferation and migration were promoted. Conclusion Inhibition of p204 expression can promote VAF cell growth and migration, which may be related to the inhibition of p53 and p21 expression.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the effect on the expression of CD147 in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients as microRNA-548z (miR-548z) binding to the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites rs8259 T / A at CD147 gene 3′untranslated region (UTR). Methods Samples for the study were from 30 patients with AMI and 13 healthy people. Genotype of rs8259 sites on CD147 gene was detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to detect the relative expression levels of miR-548z and CD147 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The expression of CD147 protein in PBMCs was detected by Western Blot. The interaction between miR-548z and rs8259 different alleles was proved by luciferase reporter gene assay. Results The expression of miR-548z in AA and TT AMI patients, as well as in normal people appeared no significant difference (P>0.05). There was no significant difference between AA and TT patients with AMI in the expression levels of CD147 mRNA in PBMCs (P>0.05). The level of CD147 protein in AMI patients with AA genotype was significantly higher than the TT genotype group. The luciferase reporter gene assay showed that mimic miR-548z could does-dependly reduce the relative luciferase activity of constructs carrying the T allele. Conclusion MiR-548z could bind to rs8259 bearing T alleles on the 3′UTR of CD147 gene and negatively regulate the expression of CD147 protein in AMI patients.

Abstract:Aim To observe changes of pulmonary hypertension and expression of OPN in lung tissue of rat at the state of hypobaric hypoxia at different time and study effect of OPN on pulmonary hypertension. Methods 30 SD rats were divided into 5 groups:Control group(2 260 sea Leval),hypobaric hypoxia (simulate 5000m sea level)1 d,7 d,14 d,21 d group. Mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP),[RV/(LV+S)] of each group were detected. RT-PCR and Western-Blot were used to detect OPN mRNA and protein level in lung tissue of rat. Results mPAP level of hypobaric hypoxia group(1 d,7 d,14 d,21 d) is higher than control group(P<0.05) and increases according to days as 1 d, 7 d, 14 d but decreases in 21 d group(P<0.05). Compared with Control group and 1d group, RV/(LV+S) in hypobaric hypoxia group(7 d, 14 d, 21 d) is higher and higher(P<0.05),but there is no difference between 1d and 7 d group(P>0.05). OPN mRNA,OPN level in lung detected by RT-PCR and Western-Blot of hypobaric hypoxia group(1d, 7d, 14d, 21d) is higher than control group. Conclusion Hypobaric hypoxia increase mPAP and RV/(LV+S) level and expression of OPN. OPN play roles in increasing of pulmonary artery pressure and right ventricular remodeling of high altitude heart disease.

Abstract:Aim To investigate whether tetramethylpyrazine can suppress oxidative stress and improve sympathetic neural remodeling in rats following myocardial infarction (MI). Methods A total of 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats were involved in this study. The animals were randomly divided into three groups:control group (n=10), MI group (n=15) and treated group (n=15). MI model was established by ligating left anterior descending artery of rats. Rats in treated group were intraperitoneally injected with tetramethylpyrazine at 120 mg/kg per day for 6 weeks post MI. The control group experienced the same procedure but ligation. Six weeks after operation, echocardiography and serological examination were performed to determine cardiac function, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in each group. Myocardial nerve density was determined in infarct marginal zone by immunohistochemistry staining with anti-tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) antibodies. Liner regression analyses were also performed to examine whether level of oxidative stress were associated with sympathetic neural remodeling. Results The left ventricular end diastolic diameter in diastole (LVEDD) and left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVESD) of MI group were higher than those of control group, while ejection fraction (EF)and fractional shortening (FS) were lower than those of control group (all P<0.05).LVEDD and LVESD were significantly reduced in treated group, as compared with the MI group, while EF and FS were significantly increased in treated group, as compared with the MI group (all P<0.05). SOD content was significantly increased and MDA significantly reduced in treated group, as compared with MI group (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). TH-positive nerves were more abundant in the infarct marginal zone in MI group compared to control group, while TH-positive nerve density were reduced in treated group compared to MI group (all P<0.01). Linear correlation between value of MDA/SOD and density of TH-positive nerve has been determined (r=0.909, P<0.01). Conclusion Tetramethylpyrazine can suppress sympathetic neural remodeling process after MI via attenuated oxidative stress, which may in turn leads to a promising treatment for the malignant ventricular arrhythmias post MI.

Abstract:Aim To study the effects of Xin Tong-tai (XTT) on levels of serum lipid and apolipoprotein A,Bü and aortic oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in rabbits with hyperlipidemia. Methods 120 clean grade healthy Japanese rabbits were randomly divided into control group, model group, low-dose XTT group, middle-dose XTT group, high-dose XTT group and rosuvastatin group. All rabbits were sacrificed by high-fat diet and immunologic injury. The drug intervention groups were treated with the corresponding drugs for 60 days, serum lipid and apolipoprotein A,Bü were tested for determination. Ox-LDL and IL-1β were tested by immunohistochemistry. Results Compared with model group, XTT and rosuvastatin groups could decrease total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and apolipoprotein B, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Compared with model group, XTT and rosuvastatin groups could increase high density lipoprotein and apolipoprotein A, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Compared with model group, the decrease of IL-1β and ox-LDL in the middle-dose XTT, high-dose XTT and rosuvastatin groups had statistically significant difference (P<0.01). Conclusion The XTT can reduce inflammatory response of atherosclerosis, probably through lowering serum lipid and reducing inflammation.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the effects of curcumin on the inflammatory cytokines in macrophages induced by LPS combined with IFN-γ and its molecular mechanism. Methods THP-1 cells were differentiated to macrophages before induced by LPS combined with IFN-γ, then treated by different doses of curcumin (0 μmol/L, 7.5 μmol/L, 15 μmol/L and 30 μmol/L), separately. The expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-12B of each group were detected by real-time PCR and ELISA assay. Results Compared with the control group, the cytokine protein and mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-12B were suppressed by curcumin in macrophages induced by LPS combined with IFN-γ (P<0.01).Furthermore, curcumin significantly inhibited the expression of TLR4 and phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, p38 and NF-κB.Conclusions Curcumin can remarkably suppress synthesis of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-12B in macrophages induced by LPS combined with IFN-γ through TLR4-MAPK/NF-κB pathway.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the prognostic significance of brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity on the incidence of hypertension in prehypertensive population. Methods Data of the present retrospective survey were collected from the Health Management Center of the 3rd Xiangya Hospital from 2004.12-2012.12. The baseline characteristics and outcomes of 205 prehypertensive population from the data were analyzed. Results During a median follow-up of 5.89 years, 54 people (26.34%) developed into hypertension; According to the tertiles of baseline brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity values the cases were divided into three groups, the cumulative incidence of hypertension increased from the first tertile to the third tertile, and the differences between three groups were statistically significant(P<0.001); Cox regression analysis showed that brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity was an independent risk factor for hypertension in prehypertensive population after adjusting of baseline age, gender, drinking, education, marriage, body mass index, glomerular filtration rate, fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein. The risk of development of established hypertension in those individuals with the third, second tertile of brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity at baseline were both higher than those with the lowest tertile of baseline brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (HR=6.647,P<0.001; HR=3.008, P=0.040). In addition, baseline brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity values increased per 100 cm/s, the risk of development of established hypertension increased 22.3%(P=0.002). Conclusions The brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity is an independent risk factor of hypertension and might be used to predict the risk of development of established hypertension in prehypertensive population.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the characteristics of blood lipid disorder in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its correlation with disease activity. Methods 62 patients with RA were as the RA group, and 46 cases with age- and sex- matched healthy physical examination were as the control group. According to disease activity, RA group was divided into two subunits:active RA group and inactive RA group. General parameters and the traditional risk factors of cardiovascular disease were recorded; Body mass index (BMI) was calculated; Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were measured; Serum triglyceride, total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were detected. Differences of blood lipids, hs-CRP and ESR were compared among each group. Correlations between blood lipids and hs-CRP, ESR in RA patients were analyzed by Pearson linear correlation analysis. Results BMI of RA group was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05). Serum TC levels in active RA group and inactive RA group were significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05). Serum HDLC level in active RA group was significantly lower than those in inactive RA group and control group (P<0.01), and serum HDLC level in inactive RA group was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.01). TC/HDLC ratio in active RA group was significantly higher than those in inactive RA group and control group (P<0.01), and TC/HDLC ratio in inactive RA group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05). In RA patients, serum HDLC level was negatively correlated with hs-CRP and ESR (r＝－0.532, P＝0.000; r＝－0.508, P＝0.000), and TC/HDLC was positively correlated with hs-CRP and ESR (r＝0.321, P＝0.001; r＝0.246, P＝0.030). Conclusions Blood lipids metabolic disorder in RA patient is mainly the decrease of HDLC. Serum HDLC level is significantly decreased in active RA patient, which is closely related with RA disease activity.

Abstract:Aim To explore and analyze the advantage of off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) compared with conventional coronary artery bypass (CCAB). Methods 92 cases of CCAB and 151 cases of OPCAB were collected from Nov.1998 to Dec.2008, and the clinical data were summarized and analyzed retrospectively. Results The preoperation risk factors had no significant difference between CCAB group and OPCAB group except for diabetes. There were more mean graft numbers in CCAB group than in OPCAB group. But operation time, intubation time, ICU stay time, postoperative stay time, low cardiac output, IABP use time and renal dysfunction in OPCAB group were obviously less than in CCAB group, with no significant difference in hospital death between the two groups. Seven years postoperative follow-up result indicated that heart function improved obviously and ejection fraction (EF) value was higher in OPCAB group than in CCAB group. Conclusions There was apparent advantage in postoperation recovery and reduction of postoperation complications in OPCAB compared with CCAB, and OPCAB is a hopeful surgical method for coronary artery disease. The heart function recovers more quickly in OPCAB group than in CCAB group. The rate of graft occlusion in OPCAB group was higher than in CCAB group.

Abstract:Aim To explore the change of plasma level of the new type platelet activating protein SCUBE1 and its correlation with blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension (EH). Methods 77 EH patients screened in Physical Examination Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University were selected for the EH group in December 2013. 75 normal healthy persons during the same period were as the control group. Plasma level of SCUBE1 was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Blood pressure, waist hip ratio (WHR), body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, urea nitrogen, creatinine and uric acid were measured in the two groups. Correlation between SCUBE1 and the indexes was analyzed. Results The plasma level of SCUBE1 in EH group was significantly higher than that in control group (76.95±13.87 μg/L vs 58.34±13.06 μg/L, P<0.001). Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), WHR, BMI, FBG and TG in EH group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.001 or P<0.05). Correlation analysis and linear regression analysis showed that SCUBE1 was positively correlated with SBP and DBP (P<0.05). Conclusions The plasma level of SCUBE1 is increased in EH patients. SCUBE1 is positively correlated with SBP and DBP.

Abstract:Aim To evaluate the relationship between visfatin level of peripheral blood and chronic stable coronary artery disease (SCAD). Methods According to the result of coronary angiography and clinical presentation, 76 patients were divided into two groups:chronic SCAD group (n＝54) with significant coronary stenosis and non-CAD group (n＝22) without significant lesions. Serum level of visfatin was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The differences of clinical data and serum visfatin level in the two groups were compared. The factors affecting visfatin level were analyzed. The correlation between serum level of visfatin and chronic SCAD was analyzed by Logistic regression model. Results Serum level of visfatin was significantly higher in the chronic SCAD group [2.79 μg/L (2.03 μg/L, 5.08 μg/L)] than that in the non-CAD group [2.54 μg/L (1.48 μg/L, 2.97 μg/L)] (P＝0.040). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed serum visfatin level was affected by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in the chronic SCAD group (β＝0.8,5%CI 0.065-0.308, P＝0.004). Logistic regression analysis revealed that serum visfatin level was an independent risk factor for chronic SCAD (OR 2.6,5%CI 1.046-4.160, P＝0.037).Conclusion Serum visfatin level is significantly elevated in patients with chronic SCAD, which may be closely related to the occurrence of the disease.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of symptomatic carotid stenosis and atherosclerotic plaque characteristics. Methods A total of fifty patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis which was determined by digital subtraction angiography (DSA) underwent bilateral carotid MRI examination. Stenosis percentage and stenosis degree were confirmed by using North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET) standard. With DSA as the "gold standard", the results of MRI and DSA were compared to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of MRI in the diagnosis of different degree of carotid stenosis. The incidence rates of intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) and rupture fibrous cap (RFC) were calculated in different degrees of carotid stenosis. Results With DSA results as the "gold standard", the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of MRI detection were as follows:93.1%, 97.5% and 90.6% in mild stenosis, 84.2%, 94.9% and 79.1% in moderate stenosis, 100%, 97.5% and 97.5% in severe stenosis, 100%, 100% and 100% in occlusion. The consistency coefficient of MRI and DSA i.e. Kappa value was 0.863. The rates of IPH were 29.1%, 45.0% and 52.6% and the rates of RFC were 23.6%, 40.0% and 57.9% respectively in mild stenosis, moderate stenosis and severe stenosis. Conclusions MRI has a high diagnostic value for carotid atherosclerosis and is helpful for early diagnosis and early treatment of cerebrovascular disease. It can not only evaluate the degree of carotid stenosis, but also analyze the composition of plaque according to the signal characteristics.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the serum levels of 25(OH)D and analyse its correlation with the severity of coronary artery stenosis in patients with coronary heart disease. Methods 150 patients underwent coronary angiography, all selected objects in general were recorded, including gender, age, history of hypertension and diabetes and so on. Biochemical parameters were measured by immune nephelometry dialysis, including fasting glucose, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), serum calcium (Ca²⁺). The serum 25(OH)D levels were measured by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in all patients. They were divided into normal control group and coronary artery lesion group according to the angiography results. The coronary artery lesion group was divided into mild, moderate and severe subgroups according to SYNTAX score. Results The serum 25(OH)D levels was 13.87±7.16 μg/L in patients with coronary heart disease and 21.67±7.38 μg/L in normal control group. The serum 25(OH)D levels in patients with coronary artery lesion was lower than that of control group (P<0.05), and gradually decreased as the severity of coronary artery lesions became more severe (P<0.05). In SYNTAX scores ≥33 group,SYNTAX scores 23～32 group and SYNTAX scores ≤22 group the serum 25(OH)D levels was significantly lower than that of normal control group (P<0.05). With the increase of SYNTAX scores, the serum 25(OH)D levels decreased obviously(P<0.05). There was a negative correlation between the serum 25(OH)D levels and the coronary artery lesions(r=－0.328,P=0.019). The levels of LDLC, blood sugar and serum calcium was 2.90±0.98 mmol/L, 5.85±1.46 mmol/L, 2.09±0.22 mmol/L. Bivariate correlation analysis of 25(OH)D level with the age, LDLC, blood sugar and serum calcium revealed no obvious correlation. Conclusion The serum 25(OH)D levels decrease significantly in patients with coronary heart disease, and its level is closely related to the degree of coronary artery lesions.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the effects of dose-dependent atorvastatin on the numbers of endothelial progenitor cells in patients with stable coronary heart disease. Methods 84 patients with stable coronary heart disease were randomly divided into treatment groups with atorvastatin (0,0, 0,0 mg/d) for 4 weeks. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells numbers were determined by immunfluorescence analysis. Results The numbers of endothelial progenitor cells were all increased by different dose atorvastatin (P<0.05), maximum at 40 mg/d and had statistical difference compared with 10 mg/d and 20 mg/d (P<0.05). Endothelial progenitor cells numbers at the dose of 80 mg/d were slightly reduced compared with 40 mg/d, but there was no statistical difference(P>0.05). Conclusion Atorvastatin dose-dependently improve the endothelial progenitor cells numbers in the patients with stable coronary heart disease.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the impact of cardiovascular health behaviors and health factors on the carotid intima-media thickness in middle-aged population. Methods A cross-sectional study method was used in this study. Subjects with myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke(not including lacunar infarction), data incomplete were excluded from the study. The total of 5353 employees (the retired employers from Tangshan Kailuan company) aged 40 years and over were included through stratified random sampling. Information was obtained from the unified questionnaire, measurements of blood biochemistry and carotid ultrasonography. Multivariate linear regression analysis was applied to test the relationship between cardiovascular health score and carotid intima-media thickness. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to analyze the influence of cardiovascular health behavior and factors on carotid atherosclerosis. Results A total of 5353 subjects were included in our study. Their average age was 55.1±11.8 years old (from 40 to 94 years old).Of which, 3209 subjects were male, accounting for 59.5% of the study population. ① The carotid intima-media thickness was 0.89±0.19 mm, 0.88±0.19 mm, 0.85±0.19 mm, 0.82±0.18 mm, 0.80±0.18 mm and 0.76±0.15 mm in the group with less than 2,2, 3,4, 5 and greater than 5 components of ideal cardiovascular health behaviors and health factors,respectively. The incidence of carotid atherosclerosis was 32.6%, 31.4%, 24.7%, 20.3%, 15.9% and 9.5%, respectively. ②Multiple linear regression analysis showed that after adjusting age, sex, TG, HDLC and LDLC cardiovascular health score and carotid intima-media thickness were negatively correlated. The B value of cardiovascular health score was －0.012(95%CI:－0.014～－0.011, P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with less than 2 components of ideal cardiovascular health behaviors and factors, the detection risk values (OR) of incidence of carotid atherosclerosis in the group with 3,4, 5 and greater than 5 components of ideal cardiovascular health behaviors and factors were 0.2,0.0,0.1,0.18, respectively. Conclusions The ideal cardiovascular health behaviors and factors are protective factors of carotid intima-media thickness in middle-aged population. With the increase of components and scores of ideal cardiovascular health behaviors and factors, both the values of carotid intima-media thickness and the incidence of carotid atherosclerosis decrease.

Abstract:Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a stress response protein, is the rate-limiting enzyme in the metabolism of free heme. HO-1 could serve a cytoprotective function by degrading the oxidant heme and generating the antioxidant bilirubin and anti-inflammatory molecule carbon monoxide. Coronary artery diseases including atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention are all associated with reactive oxygen species-induced oxidative stress injury and inflammation. Numerous studies have recently demonstrated HO-1 plays an important function in preventing atherosclerosis, restenosis and improving the myocardial infarction prognosis. HO-1 might be identified as a promising therapeutic target in the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease.

Abstract:Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation pathway for cellular homeostasis. Recent research has shown that macrophage autophage inhibits progression of atherosclerosis by promoting efflux of cholesterol and restraining inflammasome activation. However macrophage autophagy is defective in the advanced plaques,which results in increasing of plaque vulnerability and risk of plaque rupture to cause acute coronary syndrome. Afterwards how to regulate the macrophage autophage in plaque turns out to be a hot spot in the management of atherosclerosis. Further investigation on the mechanism of macrophahe autophagy may provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.

Abstract:Cardiovascular disease is the most common complication of chronic kidney disease, and atherosclerosis is the main cause of cardiovascular disease. Controlling the degree of atherosclerosis and its related risk factors can relieve the chronic kidney disease patients' illness, reduce the mortality, and it has important significance in clinic.