Abstract:Aim To explore the effects of Guanxinkang on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI) in rats with hyperlipidemia. Methods SD male rats were randomly divided into three groups:sham operation group (10 rats), model group (10 rats) and Guanxinkang group (10 rats). The hyperlipidemia rat model was established by high fat, and the MI/RI model was established by reversible left anterior descending artery ligation and given drug intervention.The biochemical analysis method was used to detect the blood lipids levels after intervention. The blood viscosity in each group was detected by viscometer. The serum levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected by ELISA. Caspase-3 activity was detected by fluorescence method, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis rate was detected by TUNEL assay, and the changes of myocardial tissues were observed by masson staining and HE staining, and the levels of myocardial apoptosis-related proteins were detected by Western blot. Results Compared with sham operation group, the triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, TNF-α, MDA, ICAM-1, apoptosis rate, caspase-3 activity and Bax protein were increased while the levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), IL-10 and Bcl-2 protein were decreased in model group, and myocardial structure was disordered and the damage degree was severe. Compared with model group, the TG, TC, LDLC, whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, TNF-α, MDA, ICAM-1, apoptosis rate, caspase-3 activity and Bax protein level were decreased while the levels of HDLC, IL-10 and Bcl-2 protein were increased in Guanxinkang group, and the rat myocardial structure was relatively neat and the damage degree was low. Conclusion Guanxinkang has protective effects on myocardial function in rats with hyperlipidemia and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, which may be related to lowering blood lipids levels and inflammatory reactions and inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis.

Abstract:Aim To investigate whether microRNA-20a-5p (miR-20a-5p) alleviates oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced injury of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) by targeting myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTFA). Methods RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression of miR-20a-5p in HUVEC induced by ox-LDL of various doses at different time. MTT, flow cytometry and Western blot assays were performed to evaluate the effect of overexpression of miR-20a-5p and MRTFA on the ox-LDL-induced proliferation and apoptosis of HUVEC.Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) kit was conducted to determine the effect of overexpression of miR-20a-5p on ox-LDL-induced LDH release in HUVEC. ELISA assay was employed to examine the effects of upregulation of miR-20a-5p and MRFA on ox-LDL-mediated changes of oxidative stress indexes superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide (NO), endothelial nitric oxide synthasee (eNOS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in HUVEC. Luciferase reporter Western blot assays was introduced to validate the relationship between miR-20a-5p and MRTFA. Results The expression of miR-20a-5p was significantly decreased in a time or dose dependent manner. Overexpression of miR-20a-5p attenuated the effect of ox-LDL on proliferation, apoptosis, and LDH release in HUVEC. Upregulation of miR-20a-5p repaired ox-LDL-induced oxidative stress injury in HUVEC. MRTFA was a direct target gene of miR-20a-5p. MRTFA overexpression undermined the effects of miR-20a-5p on proliferation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress injury index in ox-LDL-treated HUVEC. Conclusion miR-20a-5p can repair ox-LDL-induced HUVEC damage via targeting MRTFA.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the effect of Ginsenoside Rg1 on the improvement of nerve function in rats with Cerebral ischemia reperfusion and its mechanism. Methods Wistar rats with ischemia reperfusion injury were randomly divided into sham group, model group, edaravone group (3.2 mg/kg), low (10 mg), medium (20 mg) and high (50 mg) dose groups. At 1 d, 7 d and 14 d after administration, modified m-nss method was used to score neurological defects, and triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was used to determine the volume of cerebral infarction. TUNEL assay In situ was used to detect neuronal apoptosis in brain tissue. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the levels of NF- kB and GAFP. The expression levels of FZD1, PIWIL1, FOXM1 mRNA and protein were detected by RT-PCR and Western Blot. Results Compared with model control group, the m-NSS were significantly decreased in low dose ginsenoside Rg1 group (P<0.05); the m-NSS were significantly decreased in medium and high dose groups (P<0.01); in low,medium and high dose ginsenoside Rg1 groups, the nerve apoptosis cells were significantly decreased (P<0.01), brain infarct volume were significantly reduced (P<0.01), the expression of NF-κB and GAFP were significantly decreased(P<0.01); The mRNA and protein expressions of FZD1, FOXM1 were significantly increased (P<0.01); The mRNA and protein expressions of PIWIL1 were significantly decreased (P<0.01). Conclusions Ginsenoside Rg1 can significantly improve the neural function of rats with Cerebral ischemia reperfusion. It may be achieved by regulating the expression of FZD1, PIWIL1, FOXM1 genes and proteins.

Abstract:Aim To study the protective effect and molecular mechanism of polydatin on myocardial cell injury after acute myocardial infarction in rats. Methods SD male rats were randomly divided into Sham group, AMI group, polydatin group, polydatin + ZnPP group. The latter 3 groups were established by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. Polydatin is administered by 40 mg per day, and the heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) inhibitor ZnPP is intraperitoneally injected with 20 mg per day. On the 8th day after model establishment, the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), the maximum increase and decrease rate of left ventricular pressure (±dp/dtmax), serum myocardial injury index, myocardial infarct size, oxidative stress index and nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2)/HO-1 expression in each group were measured. Results Compared with Sham group, LVEF, ＋dp/dtmax, －dp/dtmax and the contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in myocardial tissue of AMI group significantly decreased, the infarct size, the contents of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), phosphocreatine kinase (CK), phosphocreatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) in serum and the content of MDA and the expression of Nrf-2, HO-1 inmyocardial tissue significantly increased(P<0.05); compared with AMI group LVEF, ＋dp/dtmax, －dp/dtmax and the contents of SOD, GSH-Px and the expression levels of Nrf-2, HO-1 in myocardial tissue of polydatin group were significantly increased, the infarct size, the contents of LDH, CK, CK-MB in serum and the content of MDA inmyocardial tissue were significantly decreased(P<0.05); compared with polydatin group, LVEF, ＋dp/dtmax, －dp/dtmax and the contents of SOD, GSH-Px in myocardial tissue of polydatin+ZnPP group significantly decreased, and the infarct size, the contents of LDH, CK, CK-MB in serum and and the contents of MDA in myocardial tissue significantly increased(P<0.05). Conclusion Polydatin can alleviate myocardial cell injury after acute myocardial infarction in rats, and this effect is partially mediated by the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the effect of serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D on short-term prognosis of acute myocardial infarction. Methods 1324 patients with acute myocardial infarction who underwent emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were selected. The clinical data were collected, the total 25-hydroxyvitamin D were tested. Major adverse events were recorded during 1 year follow-up. According to the occurrence of major adverse events, the patients were divided into event group and control group. The clinical characteristics of the two groups were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into three groups according to the serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D level:vitamin D deficiency, insufficient and normal group. The clinical characteristics and prognosis of the three groups were analyzed. Results There were 217 patients in the adverse event group and 1107 in the control group. The total 25-hydroxyvitamin D level in the event group was lower than that in the control group(P=0.007). The incidence of non-fatal myocardial infarction, unplanned revascularization and the proportion of hypertension and diabetes in vitamin D deficiency group and insufficient group were higher than that in vitamin D normal group. Univariate COX analysis showed that vitamin D deficiency and insufficient were associated with adverse events within 1 year after PCI (vitamin D deficiency OR=2.1,5%CI 1.048-6.553, P=0.039; vitamin D insufficient OR=2.0,5%CI 1.076-7.031, P=0.035). The sensitivity and specificity of ROC curve analysis of 25-hydroxyvitamin D for predicting non-adverse reactions within one year were 56.5% and 59.0% respectively. Conclusion Low level of serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D was a risk factor for major adverse events after PCI in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Abstract:Aim To observe the relationship between plasma glycine level and coronary SYNTAX scores in patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP). Methods Using case-control study design, 120 patients with SAP were assigned to SAP group and 120 age-matched and gender-matched physical examinees were assigned to control group. Coronary angiography was performed in SAP group. According to SYNTAX scores (SS), SAP group was divided into low SS group, middle SS group and high SS group. The clinical data of SAP group and control group were compared. The clinical data of SAP subgroup and control group were compared by variance analysis. The influencing factors of SAP and the relationship between plasma glycine and SYNTAX scores were analyzed by logistic regression. Results High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) in SAP group was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and plasma glycine were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05). There were significant differences in HDLC, LDLC, hs-CRP and glycine levels between SAP subgroup and control group (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the prevalence of SAP increased with the increase of plasma glycine, LDLC and SYNTAX scores, and plasma glycine (OR=1.6,5%CI:1.013～1.246, P<0.01) was an independent predictor of moderate and high SYNTAX scores. Conclusion The plasma glycine, LDLC and SYNTAX scores were the influencing factors of SAP, and plasma glycine was the independent predictor of high and medium SYNTAX scores.

Abstract:Aim To study the clinical value of serum pentraxin 3 (PTX3) and caveolin-1 (Cav-1) in evaluating the prognosis of thrombolytic therapy for patients with acute cerebral infarction (ACI). Methods Data of 90 ACI patients admitted to our hospital from March 2015 to September 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were treated with urokinase intravenous thrombolysis. The patients were divided into good prognosis group (n＝33) and poor prognosis group (n＝57) according to the modified Rankin scale score 90 days after treatment. Univariate analysis was used for baseline data of two groups. Non-conditional Logistic multivariate regression analysis was used to analyze the univariate factors with statistical significance in two groups. Risk factors for poor prognosis in ACI thrombolytic therapy were explored and predictive model was established. Results Serum PTX3 and Cav-1 levels in poor prognosis group were significantly higher than those in good prognosis group (t＝4.369, P＝0.000; t＝20.252, P＝0.000). Logistic regression analysis showed that interval time (OR 1.8,5%CI 0.343-5.446), blood sugar (OR 1.7,5%CI 0.917-1.724), urokinase dose (OR 1.6,5%CI 0.530-2.351), PTX3 (OR 2.9,5%CI 0.689-10.262), Cav-1 (OR 3.6,5%CI 0.644-14.879) were risk factors for poor prognosis of ACI thrombolytic therapy. ROC curve analysis showed that the cut-off value of PTX3 diagnosis was 2.38 g/L, sensitivity was 84.21%, specificity was 75.76%, area under curve (AUC) of ROC was 0.839 (95%CI 0.741-0.937); the cut-off value of Cav-1 diagnosis was 21.70 g/L, sensitivity was 75.44%, specificity was 69.70%, AUC was 0.842 (95%CI 0.744-0.940); the sensitivity, specificity and AUC of the combined detection were 91.23%, 72.73% and 0.947 (95%CI 0.896-0.999). Conclusions Interval time, blood sugar, urokinase dose, PTX3 and Cav-1 are risk factors for poor prognosis of ACI thrombolytic therapy. Detection of serum PTX3 and Cav-1 alone or in combination can be used to predict the degree of poor prognosis.

Abstract:Aim To explore the effects of cardiac exercise rehabilitation on cardiopulmonary function and quality of life in patients with coronary heart disease after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI). Methods 110 patients with coronary heart disease who were diagnosed and had undergone PCI were randomly divided into the rehabilitation group and the control group, according to the order of treatment and personal wishes, 55 cases in each group. General data of patients, cardiopulmonary exercise test after 6 months of exercise, cardiac ultrasound related indicators and Seattle angina scale (SAQ) were collected, and statistical analysis was performed to assess the effects of cardiac exercise rehabilitation on cardiopulmonary function and quality of life in patients with coronary heart disease after PCI. Results After 6 months exercise rehabilitation treatment, the anaerobic threshold(AT), maximal oxygen uptake(VO₂ max), oxygen pulse(O₂ pulse), maximal exercise time, left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) and SAQ score in the rehabilitation group were significantly higher than before intervention and control group (P<0.05). Conclusions Cardiac exercise rehabilitation therapy can improve cardiopulmonary function, exercise endurance and quality of life in patients with coronary heart disease after percutaneous coronary intervention. It is an important part of secondary prevention in patients with coronary artery disease after percutaneous coronary intervention.

Abstract:Aim To evaluate the predictive value of plasma soluble growth stimulating express gene protein 2 (sST2) concentration for clinical prognosis in 90 days after discharge of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods 112 patients with AMI hospitalized in Xinxiang Central Hospital from January to December 2017 were selected as subjects of study. According to the best cut-off value of receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) for sST2 concentration predicting major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE), the subjects were divided into high sST2 group and low sST2 group. The clinical data and the incidence of MACE (defined as death and new onset of chronic heart failure) for 90 days after discharge were compared between two groups. The predictive value of sST2 for MACE was evaluated. Results There were significant differences in age, systolic blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) between the two groups (all P＜0.05). sST2 was positively correlated with NT-proBNP (r＝0.452, P＝0.001), cTnI (r＝0.298, P＝0.004) and negatively correlated with LVEF (r＝－0.472, P＝0.001). Survival analysis showed that the incidence of MACE in the high sST2 group was higher than that in the low sST2 group, and the cumulative survival rate in the high sST2 group was lower than that in the low sST2 group (P＝0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that sST2≥55.0 μg/L was a risk factor for MACE in patients with AMI for 90 days after discharge (hazard ratio 1.4,5%CI 1.025-1.342, P＝0.015). Conclusion Elevated plasma sST2 level implies an increased risk of death and heart failure in patients with AMI.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the relationship between serum total bilirubin (TBIL), glycated albumin (GA), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and diabetic vascular complications. Methods 176 diabetic patients hospitalized in our hospital from August 2017 to May 2018 were divided into vascular disease group and non-vascular disease group according to whether there were vascular complications. Biochemical indexes such as TBIL, GA and HbA1c were measured. Logistic binary regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of vascular complications in patients with diabetes mellitus. Results 120 cases were eventually included in vascular disease group and 56 cases in the non-vascular disease group. There was no significant difference in gender, age and body mass index (BMI) between the two groups (P>0.05). Compared with non-vascular disease group, vascular disease group had longer course of disease, lower values of total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) and TBIL, higher values of GA, HbA1c, triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Further binary logistic regression analysis showed that high HbA1c level, low TBIL level and long course of disease were independent risk factors for diabetic vascular complications (P<0.05). Conclusion The screening of vascular diseases and active intervention should be paid to avoid the occurrence of serious complications.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the diagnostic value of carotid ultrasonography combined with serum pentraxin 3 (PTX3) and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) in atherosclerotic cerebral infarction. Methods 56 patients with acute ischemic stroke treated in neurology department of our hospital from January 2015 to December 2017 were randomly selected as observation group, and 50 healthy persons who underwent physical examination in our hospital during the same period were selected as control group. Carotid ultrasonography was performed in both groups, and venous blood was collected to detect PTX3 and Lp-PLA2 levels. The serum levels of PTX3 and Lp-PLA2 and the detection rates of carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) thickening, plaque and moderate to severe stenosis were compared between the two groups. The diagnostic value of carotid ultrasonography, PTX3, Lp-PLA2 alone and in combination for atherosclerotic cerebral infarction was analyzed. Results The serum levels of PTX3 and Lp-PLA2 in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05), and the detection rates of carotid IMT thickening, plaque and moderate to severe stenosis were significantly higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05). The sensitivity and accuracy of carotid ultrasonography combined with PTX3 and Lp-PLA2 were 89.29% and 77.36%, which were significantly higher than those of PTX3 (73.21%, 71.69%), Lp-PLA2 (69.64%, 67.92%) and carotid ultrasonography (80.36%, 76.42%) with alone detecting (all P＜0.05). ROC curve showed that the area under curve (AUC) of carotid ultrasonography was 0.789, AUC of PTX3 was 0.764, AUC of Lp-PLA2 was 0.776, and AUC of combined detection was 0.909; The difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). Conclusion Carotid ultrasonography combined with serum PTX3 and Lp-PLA2 detection can significantly improve the sensitivity and accuracy for diagnosis of atherosclerotic cerebral infarction.

Abstract:Aim To study the relationship between plasma folic acid level and essential hypertension (EH) in Kazak of Shawan County, Xinjiang. Methods 641 Kazaks and 702 Han nationalities in Shawan County of Xinjiang were selected as research subjects, of which 654 were in EH group and 689 were in control group with normal blood pressure. General data of sex, age, body mass index, waist-hip ratio and biochemical indexes were collected. Blood samples were collected and plasma folic acid levels were measured by ACCESS automatic particle chemiluminescence immunoassay system. Results (1)The plasma folic acid level of Kazak was lower than that of Han nationality (P＜0.01); The plasma folic acid level in EH group was lower than that in control group (P＜0.01); The plasma folic acid level in males was lower than that in females (P＜0.01). (2)After sex stratification, the plasma folic acid level in male Kazak EH group was significantly lower than that in control group (P＜0.05), and the plasma folic acid level in female Han nationality EH group was significantly lower than that in control group (P＜0.01). In Kazak population, plasma folic acid level in males was significantly lower than that in females (P＜0.05). The plasma folic acid level of Kazak was significantly lower than that of Han nationality in both male and female (P＜0.01). (3)The plasma folic acid level of EH group and control group was significantly lower in Kazak than that in Han nationality (P＜0.01). In EH group and control group, the plasma folic acid level of Kazak was significantly lower than that of Han nationality, both male and female (P＜0.05). Conclusions The plasma folic acid level of Kazak in Shawan County of Xinjiang is lower than that of Han nationality, and that of EH patients is lower than that of normal people. There is a significant correlation between plasma low folic acid level and high prevalence of EH in Kazak.

Abstract:Aim To study the effect of A1166C polymorphism of angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor gene (AGTR1) on arteriosclerosis. Methods Pulse wave velocity (PWV) was chosen as an index for evaluating arteriosclerosis. Topic-related English literatures were searched in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Web of Science. The retrieval time was from the establishment of the database to October 2018. Two authors independently selected appropriate observational studies based on the corresponding inclusion and exclusion criteria. Revman 5.2 software and STATA 11.0 software were used for Meta-analysis. Results A total of seven literatures (n＝1 687) was included in the Meta-analysis. The results showed that there was no significant correlation between AGTR1 A1166C polymorphism and PWV in general population and white population. In Asian population, the PWV of allele C carriers was significantly higher than that of AA genotype (AC＋CC vs AA:SMD＝0.3,5%CI 0.06-0.60, P＝0.02). Conclusions AGTR1 A1166C polymorphism may be associated with arteriosclerosis in Asians. Allele C may be a risk factor for PWV elevation in Asian population.

Abstract:Obesity is closely related to myocardial fibrosis, especially the correlation between visceral adipose tissue and myocardial fibrosis, which has attracted the attention of the medical community. A number of studies have confirmed that visceral adipose tissue participates in myocardial fibrosis by secreting a variety of adipocytokines such as leptin and adiponectin, and its mechanism of action is complicated. Recent studies have shown that visceral adipose tissue can also promote myocardial fibrosis by producing osteopontin. The emerging bioelectrical impedance analysis method for measuring visceral adipose tissue will also lay the foundation for further clinical application and research. This article reviews the involvement of visceral adipose tissue in the production of myocardial fibrosis and its determination method.

Abstract:Periprocedural myocardial infarction (PMI), a common complication after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), is associated with an increased risk of mortality. Inflammation is pivotal in the initiation, progression and prognosis of arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Studies showed that inflammation plays an important role in the PMI. Statin therapy can both lipid-lowering and anti-inflammatory effects. Pretreatment with high-dose statin may have a lower incidence of PMI and improve clinical outcomes in patients with coronary heart disease undergoing PCI. The main purpose of this review is to analyze the relationships between inflammation, statin loading and PMI.

Abstract:Insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1)is an important cytokine whose structure and function are significantly similar to insulin. It has been shown to exist in most tissues and belongs to the insulin family. It plays an important physiological function by binding to its own specific receptor. With the deepening of research on the relationship between IGF-1 and cardiovascular diseases, IGF-1 has been found to promote myocardial growth, enhance myocardial contractility, and inhibit apoptosis, which are closely related to the development of heart failure(HF).

Abstract:Saphenous vein grafts used in coronary artery bypass graft surgery suffer from lower patency rates of long term compared with left internal mammary artery and radial artery. A number of clinical trials and observational studies have demonstrated a significant benefit of statin treatment on vein graft patency. Statins exert pleiotropic effects by direct inhibition of the mevalonate pathway in the wall of these grafts. This leads to reducing geranylgeranylation of small GTPases such as Rho and Rac. Through this LDL-independent mechanism, statins can improve endothelial function and reduce vascular inflammation and oxidative stress, and inhibit the proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cell. Although the existing evidence support a beneficial effect of statins on vein grafts biology, more clinical trials focused on the effect of aggressive statin treatment on vein graft patency are required, in order to safely translate this strategy into clinical practice. This article will make a discussion of the issues.