WANG Anlu , LI Qiuyi , XU Hao , CHEN Keji
Abstract:Atherosclerosis (As) is the main pathological factor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) which pathogenesis is diversified. Gut microbiota dysbiosis may contribute to dysfunction of metabolism and immune system causing metabolic disorders and inflammation, which play a role in plaque formation and rupture. Meanwhile, bacterial infection may lead to the formation and plaque development of As. In addition, gut flora dysbiosis may change cholesterol metabolism and microbiota-derived metabolites such as trimethylamine n-oxide (TMAO), bile acids (BAs) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are correlated with the progression of As. Currently, researchers come to understand more about the treatment on As by modulating gut flora. Probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and herbal medicine may be potential methods for the future treatment of As and benefit the patients of CVD.
GE Weiwei , SHAN Meiling , CHEN Yu , PENG Jiale , LI Li , SHI Lijun
Abstract:Aim To investigate the aerobic exercise-induced expression and vascular tone regulation of calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCCs) protein TMEM16A in mesenteric arteries of hypertensive rats. Methods The normotensive rats (WKY) were randomly divided into exercise group (WKY-EX) and sedentary group (WKY-SED). The spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were also randomly divided into aerobic exercise group (SHR-EX) and sedentary group (SHR-SED). After one week acclimation, rats in the exercise groups were subjected to treadmill training (20 m/min, 60 min/d, 5 d/w, 12 w). After 12 weeks, mesenteric arteries (the 3rd branches) were collected for morphological observation, in vitro vascular tension determination and protein immunoblot analysis of protein TMEM16A. ResultsCompared with WKY-SED, the body weight, heart rate, and systolic blood pressure were significantly increased in hypertension (P<0.05). However, they significantly dropped in SHR-EX group compared with its sedentary group (SHR-SED, P<0.05). The thickness of the middle longer of the mesenteric artery in hypertensive rats was markedly increased, but it effectively decreased in SHR-EX compared with SHR-SED. The norepinephrine (NE) induced a marked increase of vascular tension in mesenteric arteries in all four groups, which was significantly higher in SHR-SED than that in WKY-SED (P<0.05). Selective CaCCs channel blocker (T16Ainh-A01) induced concentration-dependent vasorelaxation in mesenteric arteries precontracted with norepinephrine. However, these effects were greatly decreased in SHR-EX group (P<0.05). Western blotting data showed that the protein expression of TMEM16A was significantly increased with hypertension, whereas aerobic exercise could effectively ameliorate the changes (P<0.05). Conclusion Hypertension is associated with an increase of CaCCs channel protein TMEM16A expression, which is a negative feedback to regulate vascular contractility, whereas aerobic exercise can significantly weaken this hypertension-associated pathological upregulation of CaCCs channels to improve the vascular function.
ZHANG Yun , HAN Xinsheng , ZHANG Hongyang , XU Jianke
Abstract:Aim To study the regulatory effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on hypoxia-induced injury of cerebrovascular endothelial cells and its molecular mechanism. Methods Healthy male SD rats were selected, cerebrovascular endothelial cells were isolated and cultured. Cells were divided into normal oxygen group, hypoxia group, 0.5 NAC group(hypoxia+0.5 mol/L NAC), 1.0 NAC group(hypoxia+1.0 mol/L NAC), NAC+8-bAMP group((hypoxia+1.0 mol/L NAC+1.0mol/L 8-bAMP). Cell proliferation activity was detected by MTS assay, apoptotic rate was detected by TUNEL assay, oxidative stress index was detected by kit, apoptotic gene and AMPK/SIRT1 pathway molecule expression was detected by western blot. Results OD490 value, T-AOC and expression of Bcl-2, p-AMPK, SIRT1 in hypoxia group were significantly lower than those in normoxia group, while apoptotic rate, contents of ROS, MDA, 8-OHDG and expression of Caspase-3, Cyt-C, Bax of hypoxia group were significantly higher than those in normoxia group. OD490 value, content of T-AOC and expression of Bcl-2, p-AMPK, SIRT1 in 0.5 NAC group, 1.0 NAC group were significantly higher than those in hypoxia group, while apoptotic rate, contents of ROS, MDA, 8-OHDG and expression of Caspase-3, Cyt-C, Bax of 0.5 NAC group, 1.0 NAC group were significantly higher than those in hypoxia group. OD490 value, content of T-AOC and expression of Bcl-2, p-AMPK, SIRT1 in NAC+8-bAMP group were significantly lower than those in 1.0 NAC group, while apoptotic rate, contents of ROS, MDA, 8-OHDG and expression of Caspase-3, Cyt-C, Bax of NAC+8-bAMP group were significantly higher than those in 1.0 NAC group. Conclusion NAC can alleviate oxidative stress and mitochondrial apoptosis-mediated injury of cerebrovascular endothelial cells by activating AMPK/SIRT1 pathway.
YUAN Na , ZHU Mingyan , YANG Hongfa , LIU Fangyao , ZENG Gaofeng , WANG Bo
Abstract:Aim To investigate the effect of ligustrazine (LIG) on inflammatory injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC) and explore its possible mechanism. Methods After pretreatment with LIG (1,0, 100 μmol/L) for 12 hours, HCAEC cells were co-treated by LPS (1 mg/L) and LIG for 24 hours. Cell viability was tested by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Apoptosis rate of HCAEC was detected by flow cytometry. Levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in supernatant of cell culture medium were tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) protein in HCAEC cells were measured by Western blot. Results Compared with control group, the cell viability of HCAEC was significantly decreased, the apoptosis rate of HCAEC was significantly increased, the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in supernatant of cell culture medium were significantly increased, expression of ABCA1 protein in HCAEC was significantly down-regulated in LPS group (all P<0.05). Compared with LPS group, the cell viability of HCAEC was significantly increased, the apoptosis rate of HCAEC was significantly decreased, the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in supernatant of cell culture medium were significantly decreased, expression of ABCA1 protein in HCAEC were significantly up-regulated in LIG (10 and 100 μmol/L)+LPS group (all P<0.05). Conclusion LIG inhibits the inflammatory injury induced by LPS in HCAECs, and its mechanism may be related to LIG up-regulating the expression of ABCA1.
MOU Shanmao , SUI Xiaolin , GAO Lei , GAO Nan , YANG Feng , ZHANG Xianzhong , LI Jie
2020, 28(2):118-122, 146. CSTR:
Abstract:Aim To study the protection mechanism of mild hypothermia on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion(I/R) injury. Methods 36 male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator(rt-PA) group, model group, I/R+mild hypothermia group, I/R+ rt-PA group, and I/R+mild hypothermia+rt-PA group, with 6 rats in each group. By building the rat model of ischemia reperfusion, the semi quantitative neurological deficit score was made. By the experiment of blood brain barrier penetration, the difference of blood-brain barrier protection was compared among every groups. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressive level of t-PA and PAI-1 in the tissues of rats; Western blot was used to test the expressive level of p-MEK1/2 and p-ERK1/2. Results Neural injury was lower in two groups of mild hypothermic rats than that in experimental control group(P<0.05). Mild hypothermic treatment can reduce the permeability of the blood-brain barrier. The expression of t-PA and PAI-1 in rat brain tissue significantly increased in rt-PA group and I/R+rt-PA group, while the expression of other groups was lower. The p-MEK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 expressions were significantly increased in the rt-PA group and the I/R+rt-PA group, which were significantly reduced after mild hypothermic treatment. Conclusion The protective effect of mild hypothermia on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury is related to reducing the permeability of blood-brain barrier, reducing the expression of t-PA and PAI-1 after ischemia reperfusion in rat brain tissue, and reducing the expression of p-MEK1/2 and p-ERK1/2.
ZHU Yun , YANG Pan , GE Zhixiang , WANG Xing , LIU Fei , XU Min , YANG Ling
Abstract:Aim This study tested a new criteria for electrocardiogram to improve the accuracy of primary hypertension with left ventricular hypertrophy. Methods The study measured left ventricular mass according to the American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) standard. We selected 129 patients with hypertension (HBP) and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) diagnosed in our hospital. At the same time, the normal wall thickness group of hypertension was matched according to age and gender. It simultaneously recorded 12-lead ECG, selected the deepest S-wave (SD) of all leads as the research object, and currently accepted LVH ECG criteria such as Cornell voltage and Sokolow-Lyon were used for comparison. Area under the curve (AUC) analysis was used for comparison of single and combined leads. Results The AUC, sensitivity, and specificity of SD predicted HBP with LVH were 0.2,6.05% and 81.65%, and SD+Sv4 showed the highest sensitivity of 88.37%. The equivalence test showed that Z value of SD was statistically different from that of Cornell,Sokolow-Lyon and SD+Sv4(all P<0.05). The AUC, sensitivity and specificity of predicted male HBP with LVH were 0.1,0.29% and 75.34%. The equivalence test was superior to Cornell, Sokolow-Lyon and SD+Sv4 (all P<0.05). Conclusion The new criteria SD to diagnose HBP with LVH improves the sensitivity of diagnosis, superior to Cornell and Sokolow-Lyon standards which is worthy of clinical promotion.
KAN Yanmin , HE Wen , NING Bin , WEI Shiji , YU Tengfei , LI Haixin
Abstract:Aim To investigate the effect of calcification distribution characteristics in carotid artery plaque on plaque stability. Methods A total of 49 patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy were selected. Among all patients, the echo characteristics of carotid artery plaque were observed by two-dimensional ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) before carotid endarterectomy, and the number, distribution, morphology of calcification and neovascularization about calcification peripheral were recorded. And all patients were divided into groups according to the location of calcification, quantity, morphology, and whether there were neovascularization adjacent to calcification, which were used to observe plaques stability as the gold standard of pathology. Results In this study, there were no significant difference between calcification location, morphology, neovascularization about calcification peripheral and plaque stability (χ2=0.415, P=0.813; χ2=2.164,P=0.339;χ2=3.352,P=0.095). However, there was a significant difference between the calcification number in plaque and plaque stability (χ2=5.555,P=0.029). Conclusions The number of calcifications has a certain effect on the stability of carotid plaques, and multiple calcification can lead to plaque instability.
WEN Zhinan , CHEN Xin , LIU Yingwu , ZHANG Lei
Abstract:Aim Through the analysis of serum metabolites in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients with different degrees of coronary artery lesion, to find new biomarkers for predicting and diagnosing CHD. Methods 92 CHD patients who met the experimental requirements from July 2017 to December 2018 in Tianjin Third Central Hospital were selected for serum analysis, including 57 males and 35 females. Among them, 24 patients had coronary artery stenosis <50%, 19 patients had at least one coronary artery stenosis ≥50% and ≤70%, 23 patients had at least one coronary artery stenosis >70%, 26 patients had acute coronary occlusion. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to detect the chromatographic peak and mass spectrum peak of metabolites in samples, in order to determine the metabolites.The clinical diagnostic efficacy of characteristic metabolites was evaluated by ROC curve. Results 47 different metabolites were identified in metabolic disorders, and 10 characteristic metabolites were finally identified. With the increase of the degree of coronary artery stenosis, the metabolic pathway changed, including the decrease of glycerol phospholipid and fatty acid metabolism, and the increase of glycosphingolipid and purine metabolism. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of characteristic metabolites was all greater than 0.75. Conclusion Metabolic disorders are present in CHD patients with different degrees of coronary artery lesion, and the characteristic metabolites have diagnostic value.
CHI Baoquan , LIU Yajing , CUI Leilei , LIU Zhaoyan
Abstract:Aim To study vertebral artery stenosis and its relationship with posterior circulation cerebral infarction after vertebral artery stenting (VAS), and to explore the risk factors of posterior circulation cerebral infarction. Methods Volume computed tomographic digital subtraction angiography (VCTDSA) was used to evaluate the vertebral artery stenosis in 134 patients with posterior circulation ischemia (PCI) after VAS. The patients were divided into two groups:45 cases in PCI symptom with vertebral artery stenosis group (PCI-V group) and 89 cases in simple PCI symptom group (PCI group). The correlation between vertebral artery stenosis and posterior circulation cerebral infarction was analyzed statistically, and the risk factors of posterior circulation cerebral infarction after VAS were analyzed by univariate analysis and multivariate analysis. Results In PCI-V group, there were 51 vertebral artery stenosis sites with an average stenosis rate of (82.1%±6.7%), including 6 cases of mild stenosis, 13 cases of moderate stenosis, 20 cases of severe stenosis and 6 cases of complete occlusion. There was significant difference in the incidence of posterior circulation cerebral infarction between PCI-V group and PCI group (χ2=10.600, P=0.001). The incidences of posterior circulation cerebral infarction of patients with moderate stenosis, severe stenosis and complete occlusion in PCI-V group were significantly higher than that of patients in PCI group (all P<0.05). The results of univariate analysis showed that NIHSS score≥12, hyperhomocysteinemia and diabetes history were the risk factors for posterior circulation cerebral infarction in PCI-V patients. Logistic multivariate analysis showed that NIHSS score≥12, hyperhomocysteinemia and diabetes history were independent risk factors for posterior circulation cerebral infarction in PCI-V patients. Conclusions Posterior circulation cerebral infarction after VAS is related to vertebral artery stenosis. NIHSS score≥12, hyperhomocysteinemia and diabetes history are independent risk factors of posterior circulation cerebral infarction in patients with PCI and vertebral artery stenosis after VAS.
SHAO Hairui , WANG Zhaojun , SHI Xiaofeng , YAN Jinchuan , YUAN Wei , LI Weidong
Abstract:Aim To investigate the effects of different timing of arranged secondary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for non-infarct related artery (non-IRA) on left ventricular function and prognosis in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients with coronary artery multivessel disease. Methods From January 2013 to December 7,6 AMI patients were admitted to the Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, who were confirmed by selective coronary angiography to have coronary artery multivessel disease and underwent planned secondary PCI.Of these patients, 218 were in the ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) group and 168 in the non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) group. Randomly choosing different time to perform secondary PCI on non-IRA, each group was divided into three subgroups according to the time interval (T) between two PCI operations:A group:3 days ≤ T <7 days; B group:7 days ≤ T ≤ 10 days; C group:T > 10 days. The long-term and medium-term prognosis of the patients who underwent planned secondary PCI at different time were observed and compared, including left ventricular function, major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) and survival rate. Results (1)218 patients with STEMI were followed up for an average of (42.54±15.60) months. The increased value of left ventricular ejection fraction (ΔLVEF) in A group,Bü group and C group was 2.91%±0.79%, 0.30%±0.58% and -0.12%±1.93%, respectively; The difference was statistically significant (P=0.026). The total cumulative event-free survival rate of three subgroups were 90.0%, 67.2% and 41.2%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). Survival rate after secondary PCI in A group was higher than that in B group and C group (P=0.021, P=0.010). (2)168 patients with NSTEMI were followed up for an average of (39.85±16.19) months. The ΔLVEF of A group,Bü group and C group were 1.73%±0.50%, 0.10%±0.71% and -1.57% ± 2.00%, respectively; The difference was statistically significant (P=0.039). The total cumulative event-free survival rate of three subgroups were 87.0%, 59.7% and 28.6%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). Survival rate after secondary PCI in A group was higher than that in B group and C group (P=0.032, P=0.012). Conclusion Timing of secondary PCI for non-IRA may affect left ventricular function and cumulative event-free survival rate in AMI patients with multivessel disease.
ZHANG Hongxia , LIU Fuxing , ZHANG Li , ZHANG Xueyan , ZHOU Jin
Abstract:Aim To explore the value of serum NLR, UCH-L1 and ABCD2 in the diagnosis of cerebral infarction in patients with isolated vertigo. Methods 258 patients with isolated vertigo were enrolled. According to the results, the patients were divided into 130 patients with cerebral infarction and 128 patients without cerebral infarction. The clinical data of the patients, ABCD2 scores, serum UCH-L1, NLR and imaging examinations were evaluated and compared between two groups. Logistic regression model was employed to produce new variables for diagnosis of cerebral infarction and assessed with ROC curve. Results ABCD2, UCH-L1 and NLR in cerebral infarction group were significantly higher than those in non-cerebral infarction group (P<0.05). Taking cerebral infarction as the dependent variable and ABCD2, UCH-L1, NLR as the independent variables, Logistic regression model was established, and ROC curve of combined diagnosis was fitted by the probability value in the model. ABCD2 (OR=1.1,5%CI:1.118~3.098), UCH-L1 (OR=1.7,5%CI:1.012~1.563) and NLR (OR=1.5,5%CI:1.005~1.149) were the risk factors of cerebral infarction in patients with isolated vertigo. ROC results showed that the critical value of ABCD2, UCH-L1 and NLR in the diagnosis of cerebral infarction was 3 points, 0.19 μg/L, 2.01, the area under ROC curve was 0.706 (0.642~0.771), 0.603 (0.533~0.672), 0.633 (0.566~0.700), the sensitivity was 0.2,0.1,0.603, and the specificity was 0.4,0.1,0.621. While the Logistic combination prediction module showed the AUC was 0.744 (0.681~0.807), the sensitivity was 0.861 and the specificity was 0.602. The sensitivity was higher than that of single diagnosis. Conclusion UCH-L1 and NLR combined with ABCD2 presents potential clinical evaluation value in the diagnosis of cerebral infarction in patients with isolated vertigo.
Abstract:Aim To investigate the effects of Musk Baoxin pill combined with rosuvastatin on blood lipid, vascular endothelial function and expression of microRNA-126 and microRNA-137 in peripheral blood of elderly patients with coronary heart disease. Methods The 94 elderly patients with coronary heart disease were divided into control group (47 cases) and observation group (47 cases) by random number table method. The patients in control group were treated with rosuvastatin, while the patients in observation group were treated with Musk Baoxin pill on the basis of control group.Both groups were treated for 12 weeks. The therapeutic effect, blood lipid, vascular endothelial function and expression of microRNA-126 and microRNA-137 in peripheral blood were compared between two groups before and after treatment. Results The total effective rate of observation group (93.62%) was higher than that of control group (70.21%, P<0.05). After treatment, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) and triglyceride (TG) levels were lower in two groups than those before treatment, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) levels were higher than those before treatment (P<0.05); after treatment, TC, LDLC and TG levels in observation group were lower than those in control group, while HDLC levels were higher than those in control group (P<0.05). After treatment, endothelin-1 (ET-1) level in two groups was lower than that before treatment, while nitric oxide (NO) level was higher than that before treatment (P<0.05); after treatment, ET-1 level in observation group was lower than that in control group, while NO level was higher than that in control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the expression of microRNA-126 increased and microRNA-137 decreased in both groups (P<0.05); after treatment, the expression of microRNA-126 in observation group was higher than that in control group, while the expression of microRNA-137 was lower than that in control group (P<0.05). Conclusions Musk Baoxin pill combined with rosuvastatin has a good effect on elderly patients with coronary heart disease. It can improve blood lipid metabolism disorder and vascular endothelial dysfunction, and up-regulate microRNA-126 expression in peripheral blood and down-regulate microRNA-137 expression, which is worthy of clinical reference.
Abstract:Vascular aging refers to the degenerative changes of vascular structure and function with aging, which affect the occurrence, progress and prognosis of various diseases. Vascular endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells are the essential component of vessel wall, which are the important cellular biological basis of vascular aging. In recent years, the relationship between microRNA (miRNA) of exosomes and vascular aging has become a research hotspot.This review will summarize the role of exosomal miRNA in the aging process of vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, and discuss the function of exosomal miRNA in vascular aging related diseases.
Abstract:Vascular calcification (VC) is widespread in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), and it is a characteristic change in the process of diabetic vascular lesions. VC is also an independent risk factor for increased risk of clinical adverse cardiovascular events. At present, the mechanism of VC formation in patients with DM has not been fully elucidated. Further exploration of the common pathogenesis and internal relationship between them is expected to provide new ideas for the prevention of cardiovascular complications in patients with DM. This article will review the common pathogenesis of DM and VC, and provide ideas for further research and clinical prevention and treatment of DM and VC.
YI Ouyang , TAI Shi , BU Lanlan , ZHOU Lei , ZHENG Xilong
Abstract:The cardiovascular system maintains normal life activities of the body, and the cardiovascular system aging will cause diseases such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, heart failure, myocardial infarction. Autophagy is a lysosomal-dependent degradation pathway. The level of autophagy gradually decreases with age. On one hand increasing autophagy can delay cells and tissues aging. On the other hand, excessive activation of autophagy levels will induce autophagic death and accelerate aging. Some natural pharmaceutical active ingredients regulate autophagy and ameliorate cardiovascular system aging. They may play a protective role in the aging of the cardiovascular system by regulating cellular autophagy. Therefore, this article reviews the role of autophagy and its research progress in the prevention of cardiovascular aging in natural pharmaceutical active ingredients.
Abstract:Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that has been currently known to play a major role in regulating calcium and bone metabolism. In recent years, although many researchers have found that the incidence of vitamin D deficiency in hypertensive patients is high, vitamin D deficiency may lead to the occurrence and development of hypertension, many results between vitamin D supplementation and hypertension are inconsistent. Here, this article aims to summarize the advance in studies between vitamin D deficiency and hypertension.
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