Abstract:Cardiovascular disease, especially coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, is the main cause of death in China and the world. The occurrence of coronary atherosclerosis, plaque rupture and thrombosis, as well as myocardial injury and repair process after myocardial infarction are regulated by many complex cellular and molecular signal networks.The current clinical imaging methods can assess the anatomy and perfusion of the coronary artery and heart, but they cannot accurately reflect the pathophysiological process and progression of the disease. In recent years, the development of molecular imaging technology has made the visualization and quantification of cardiovascular diseases pathological processes possible. Therefore, it has important clinical value for accurate diagnosis and prognostic judgement of cardiovascular diseases which assists clinical decision-making. This review aims to summarize the current molecular imaging research progress of acute myocardial infarction.

Abstract:Aim To observe the clinical efficacy and mechanism of Chaihu Shugan decoction in rats with depression after acute myocardial infarction. Methods 90 models among 120 SD rats were randomly divided into model group(n＝30), Chinese medicine group(n＝30)and fluoxetine group(n＝30), unmodeled rats were normal group(n＝30), after 7 days, 14 days, 21 days for treatment, behavioral indicators were measured in each group of rats, then hippocampus was sacrificed and isolated, and interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-9 (Caspase-9) and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3) were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), and the expression levels of Jun N-terminal kinase 3 (JNK3) were detected by Western blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). Results Compared with normal group in the same period, the behavior indicators of the model group were reduced (P＜0.05), IL-1, IL-6, Caspase-3, Caspase-9, and JNK3 were significantly increased (P＜0.05), while the open-field test scores of Chinese medicine group and fluoxetine group decreased (P＜0.05), and the inflammatory factors were significantly increased in Chinese medicine group and fluoxetine group after 7 days and 14 days (P＜0.05). After 21 days, except IL-1, JNK3, Caspase-9 in Chinese medicine group and IL-1, JNK3 in fluoxetine group, there was no significant difference in the remaining indicators compared with normal group (P＞0.05). Compared with model group in the same period, the behavior indicators were significantly improved in Chinese medicine group and fluoxetine group (P＜0.05), and IL-1, IL-6, Caspase-3, Caspase-9, and JNK3 were significantly reduced (P＜0.05). Compared with fluoxetine group in the same period, IL-1 decreased in Chinese medicine group after 21 days (P＜0.05). Conclusion Chaihu Shugan decoction can effectively improve the depression of myocardial infarction rats, which may be accomplished by inhibiting the inflammation of hippocampus in rats.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the protective effect of Crocin on myocardial mitochondria in rats with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and its mechanism. Methods 150 SD rats were randomly divided into Sham group, AMI group, Crocin (7.5,5, 30 mg/kg) group according to random number table method (n＝30). The AMI rat model was established by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. 24 h later, the ultrastructure changes of myocardial mitochondria in ischemic area was observed by transmission electron microscope; the membrane potential and the opening of mitochondrial permeablity transition pore (MPTP) were detected by fluorescence spectrophotometer; the myocardial mitochondrial respiratory function index (R3, R4, RCR) were detected by oxygen electrode method. The respiratory enzymes activity, ATP content were detected by colorimetry method; the Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase, Ca²⁺-ATPase activity were detected by phosphorus determination method; the mitochondrial Ca²⁺ concent was detected by atomic chemiluminescence. ResultsCompared with AMI group, the ultrastructural lesions such as mitochondrial swelling, membrane rupture, crest rupture and dissolution were significantly improved in Crocin 5,0 mg/kg groups, the membrane potential increased and MPTP openness decreased (P＜0.01); the R3, RCR increased and R4 decreased (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01); respiratory enzymes (NADH dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome C oxidase) activity, ATP content and Na⁺-K⁺- ATPase, Ca²⁺-ATPase activity increased (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01), Ca²⁺ concentration decreased (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01). Conclusion Crocin has protective effect on the structure and function of myocardial mitochondria in the ischemic area of AMI rats, which mechanism may be related to inhibiting the increase of mitochondrial Ca²⁺ concentration.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the role of miR-221 in homocysteine (Hcy)-induced injury of human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC) mediated by cyclin D1. Methods HCAECs were cultured and divided into four groups. The control group was treated with serum-free medium, Hcy group was treated with medium containing 1 mmol/L Hcy, Hcy＋NC (negative control) group was treated with medium containing 1 mmol/L Hcy after transfection with NC inhibitor, and Hcy＋miR-221 group was treated with medium containing 1 mmol/L Hcy after transfection with miR-221 inhibitor. Fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of miR-221, Western blot was used to detect the expression of cyclin D1, MTS was used to detect the OD₄₉₀ nm level of cell viability, flow cytometry was used to detect cell cycle, and double luciferase reporter gene experiment was used to verify miR-221 targeting cyclin D1. Results Compared with the control group, the expression level of miR-221 and the proportion of G0/G1 phase of HCAEC were significantly increased, while the level of OD₄₉₀ nm, the proportion of S phase and G2/M phase and cyclin D1 expression level were significantly decreased in Hcy group. Compared with Hcy group and Hcy＋NC group, the expression level of miR-221 and the proportion of G0/G1 phase of HCAEC were significantly decreased, while the level of OD₄₉₀ nm, the proportion of S phase and G2/M phase and cyclin D1 expression level were significantly increased in Hcy＋miR-221 group. The 1224-1231 base of mRNA 3′UTR of cyclin D1 gene was the binding site of miR-221, and miR-221 reduced the fluorescence activity of wild-type cyclin D1 double luciferase reporter gene. Conclusions The expression of miR-221 increases during Hcy-induced HCAEC injury, and inhibition of miR-221 expression can reduce Hcy-induced HCAEC injury. Targeting cyclin D1 is a possible molecular mechanism.

Abstract:Aim To study the protective effect and mechanism of glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) on hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury of H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Methods H9c2 cardiomyocytes were cultured and randomly divided into the control group, H/R group, and 1,5, 10 μmol/L GLP-1 group to verify the protective effect of GLP-1. Also, H9c2 cardiomyocytes were randomly divided into si-NC group, si-NC＋H/R group, si-NC＋H/R＋10 μmol/L GLP-1 group, and si-Nrf2＋H/R＋10 μmol/L GLP-1 group to verify the role of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in GLP-1 alleviating cell injury. The contents of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and the expression levels of Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were detected after 24 hours treatment. Results The contents of LDH, CK-MB and MDA in H/R group were higher than those in control group, and the contents of T-AOC and the expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 were lower than those in control group. The contents of LDH, CK-MB and MDA in different doses of GLP-1 groups were lower than those in H/R group, the contents of T-AOC and the expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 were higher than those in H/R group. After knocking down Nrf2 expression, the contents of LDH, CK-MB and MDA in si-Nrf2＋H/R＋10 μmol/L GLP-1 group were higher than those in si-NC＋H/R＋10 μmol/L GLP-1 group, the content of T-AOC and the expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 were lower than those in si-NC＋H/R＋10 μmol/L GLP-1 group. Conclusion GLP-1 can protect H9c2 cardiomyocytes from hypoxia/reoxygenation injury, and activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway is a possible molecular mechanism.

Abstract:Aim To explore the relationship between serum growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) and inflammation, lipid metabolism in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS). Methods A total of 131 patients with MS were recruited as metabolic syndrome group, and 162 healthy people were enrolled as the healthy control group. The levels of serum GDF-15, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Serum GDF-15 levels were significantly higher in subjects with MS than those in the controls (289.74 (187.2,1.56) ng/L vs 159.30 (114.3,5.87) ng/L, P＜0.01), and showed an increasing trend with the increased numbers of metabolic components (P＜0.01). In all studied subjects, serum GDF-15 levels were positively correlated with obesity related parameters (body mass index, waist circumference, fat percentage, P＜0.05), an adverse lipid profile (triglyceride(TG) increased and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC)) decreased, P＜0.05), fasting plasma glucose, insulin resistance index (fasting serum lisulin (FINS)and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)) and inflammatory markers (MCP-1 and IL-6). Age, HDLC, IL-6 were independent factors for GDF-15 levels. After adjusting for potential confounders, GDF-15 remained an independent risk factor for MS and dyslipidemia, and the associated odds ratios were 1.438 (1.3,2.063) and 1.003 (1.0,1.007) respectively (P＝0.018 and P＝0.043). Conclusion The levels of serum GDF-15 were significantly higher in patients with MS, and GDF-15 was closely related to the inflammation and lipid profile, which suggested that GDF-15 may be involved in the pathogenesis of MS and the potential predictive value of cardiovascular disease in the future.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the changes of plasma miR-765 level and its target gene function in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to explore the clinical significance of plasma miR-765 as a potential biomarker of CHD combined with T2DM. Methods 56 patients with CHD diagnosed by coronary angiography were collected. According to whether T2DM was combined or not, the patients were divided into two groups:simple CHD group (CHD group, 33 cases), CHD combined with T2DM group (CHD＋T2DM group, 23 cases).Another 30 cases with negative results of coronary angiography were selected as control group. Gensini scoring system was used to evaluate the degree of coronary artery stenosis. Plasma miR-765 levels were detected by quantitative real-time PCR. Bioinformatics analysis was used to predict the target genes of miR-765, and target genes Gene Ontology (GO) function annotation and coding protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction were carried out. Results Compared with the CHD group, Gensini score was significantly higher in the CHD＋T2DM group. Compared with the control group, the plasma miR-765 level of CHD group was significantly higher (P＜0.05); compared with the CHD group, the plasma miR-765 level of CHD＋T2DM group was significantly higher (P＜0.05). A total of 30 potential target genes were obtained by bioinformatics analysis of target genes. The results of classification analysis of biological function, molecular function and cell composition showed that miR-765 was involved in the regulation of cell morphogenesis and chemotaxis, inflammation, immunity, homeostasis and transport, and protein amino acid phosphorylation, suggesting that miR-765 might regulate chemokine signaling pathway, calcium signaling pathway and phosphatidylinositol signaling pathway. Further PPI network analysis showed that there were complex interactions among the proteins encoded by miR-765 target gene. Conclusion Plasma miR-765 level is significantly increased in CHD patients with T2DM. Plasma miR-765 is a potential clinical diagnostic biomarker in CHD patients with T2DM, which has high diagnostic value for CHD combined with T2DM.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the correlation between 24-hour ambulatory heart rate (24hAHR) and early renal damage in patients with essential hypertension. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 441 patients with essential hypertension who were admitted to the Department of Cardiology of Shandong Qianfushan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University from June 2017 to January 2018. Clinical data of the patients were collected and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure was monitored. The data of 24hAHR, 24-hour average systolic blood pressure (24hSBP), 24-hour average diastolic blood pressure (24hDBP), daytime average heart rate (dHR), daytime average systolic blood pressure (dSBP), daytime average diastolic blood pressure (dDBP), nighttime average heart rate (nHR), nighttime average systolic blood pressure (nSBP) and nighttime average diastolic blood pressure (nDBP) were collected. According to urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR), the patients were divided into non early renal damage group and early renal damage group. The differences of each index were compared between the two groups. The correlation between UACR and each index was analyzed. The risk factors of early renal damage in hypertension were analyzed by Logistic regression.Results The hypertension history, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, 24hSBP, 24hDBP, dSBP, dDBP, nSBP, nDBP, 24hAHR, dHR and nHR in early renal damage group were higher than those in non early renal damage group (all P＜0.05). The proportion of slow heart rate patients in non early renal damage group (80.1%) was higher than that in early renal damage group (66.3%), while the proportion of fast heart rate patients in early renal damage group (33.7%) was higher than that in non early renal damage group (19.9%); The differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05). Correlation analysis showed that UACR was positively correlated with hypertension history, 24hAHR, 24hSBP, 24hDBP, dSBP, dDBP, dHR, nSBP, nDBP, nHR and serum creatinine (P＜0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that 24hAHR (OR 1.3,5%CI 1.018~1.089, P＝0.003), 24hSBP (OR 1.7,5%CI 1.021~1.053, P＝0.000) and hypertension history (OR 1.9,5%CI 1.015~1.064, P＝0.001) were significantly associated with early renal damage in patients with hypertension, and were the risk factors of early renal damage in hypertension. Conclusion There is a correlation between 24hAHR and early renal damage in hypertension, and fast heart rate is an independent risk factor for early renal damage in hypertension.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the cholesterol efflux capacity(CEC) of plasma high-density lipoprotein(HDL) in coronary heart disease(CHD) patients with diabetes and its influencing factors. Methods 140 patients who were diagnosed as CHD by coronary angiography had one or more artery lesion degree ＞50%. They were divided into two groups:the CHD with diabetic mellitus(DM) group(n＝70) and the CHD without DM group(n＝70), patients without CHD confirmed by coronary angiography was taken an controls(n＝25). The capacity of HDL to induce cellular cholesterol efflux was determined by measuring the transfer of [³H] cholesterol from J774 macrophages to the medium containing the ApoB-deleted plasma. The levels of myeloperoxidase(MPO) and serum amyloid A protein (SAA) in plasma were measured to evaluate the level of oxidative stress and inflammation. The correlation between CEC and the above indexes (MPO, SAA) was analyzed. Results The cholesterol efflux capacity in CHD patients with diabetes was significantly lower than that in CHD patients without diabetes (P＜0.05); The level of SAA was increased in CHD patients with diabetes than that in CHD patients without diabetes, but the difference was not statistically significant (P＞0.05). And plasma SAA level in CHD patients with diabetes were negatively correlated with CEC (r＝－0.260,P＜0.05). Moreover, the level of MPO in CHD patients with diabetes was not higher than that in CHD patients without diabetes, there was no correlation between MPO and CEC in CHD patients with diabetes. Conclusion CHD patients with diabetes has more impaired CEC compared with those without diabetes. Inflammation is a possible mechanism of CEC decline caused by abnormal glucose metabolism in patients with CHD.

Abstract:Aim To evaluate the diagnostic value of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (HR-MRI), oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) in serum for the prognosis of patients with middle cerebral atherosclerotic stenosis (MCAS). Methods From August 2015 to August 7,6 patients (stenosis group) who were diagnosed as cerebral infarction by neurology department, and diagnosed as MCAS by transcranial Doppler (TCD), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and clinical manifestations were selected, and another 90 patients with normal physical examination were selected as control group. The parameters of plaque size and plaque load were obtained by HR-MRI vascular wall imaging technology. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the levels of ox-LDL and Lp-PLA2 in serum. After 3 months of treatment, the prognosis was assessed by modified Rankin Scale (mRS scores ＞2 was poor prognosis), and the patients were divided into 85 cases of poor prognosis group and 21 cases of good prognosis group. Pearson method was used to analyze the correlation between plaque size, plaque load, levels of ox-LDL and Lp-PLA2 in serum and mRS scores. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the diagnostic effect of HR-MRI combined with serum ox-LDL and Lp-PLA2 on the prognosis of patients with MCAS. Results Compared with the control group, the plaque size, plaque load, serum ox-LDL and Lp-PLA2 levels in the stenosis group were significantly increased (P＜0.05). Compared with the good prognosis group, the plaque size, plaque load, serum ox-LDL and Lp-PLA2 levels in the poor prognosis group were significantly increased (P＜0.05). Plaque size, plaque load, serum ox-LDL and Lp-PLA2 levels were all positively correlated with mRS scores (r＝0.5,0.4,0.7,0.679, P＜0.05), and have high diagnostic efficiency, the combined detection was more effective in predicting the prognosis of patients with MCAS. Conclusion Plaque size, plaque load, serum ox-LDL and Lp-PLA2 levels have high diagnostic efficacy for the prognosis of MCAS patients, and the diagnostic efficacy of combined detection is higher, HR-MRI vascular wall imaging combined with serum ox-LDL and Lp-PLA2 levels has certain reference value for clinical diagnosis of MCAS patients.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the correlation among cardiac function indexes left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), A/E peak ratio (A/E), interventricular septum thickness (IVST), left atrium diameter (LAD) and serum biochemical indexes ischemia modified albumin (IMA), homocysteine (Hcy), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) in patients with coronary heart disease and myocardial ischemia. Methods 105 patients with coronary heart disease were randomly selected from May 2017 to May 2019 in our hospital. According to the degree of myocardial ischemia, they were divided into angina pectoris group (n＝50) and myocardial infarction group (n＝55). Another 50 healthy people who came to the hospital for physical examination in the same period were selected as the control group. The cardiac function indexes of the three groups were detected by color echocardiography, the levels of serum IMA and Hcy were measured by automatic biochemical analyzer, and the levels of serum CRP and IL-6 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The relationship between cardiac function index and serum biochemical index was analyzed. Results LVEDD, LVESD, A/E, IVST, LAD of angina pectoris group and myocardial infarction group were significantly higher than those of control group, and LVEF was lower than that of control group; LVEDD, LVESD, A/E, IVST, LAD of myocardial infarction group were significantly higher than those of angina pectoris group, and LVEF was lower than that of angina pectoris group; there were significant differences in cardiac function indexes in pairwise comparison among groups (P＜0.05). The levels of IMA, Hcy, CRP and IL-6 in angina pectoris group and myocardial infarction group were significantly higher than those in control group; IMA, Hcy, CRP and IL-6 in myocardial infarction group were significantly higher than those in angina pectoris group; there were significant differences in serum biochemical indexes in pairwise comparison among groups (P＜0.05). LVEDD, LVESD, A/E, IVST, LAD were positively correlated with IMA, Hcy, CRP and IL-6, while LVEF was negatively correlated with IMA, Hcy, CRP and IL-6 in patients with coronary heart disease and myocardial ischemia (P＜0.05). Conclusion With the increase of serum IMA, Hcy, CRP and IL-6 levels, LVEDD, LVESD, A/E, IVST, LAD increase, while LVEF decrease, suggesting myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary heart disease.

Abstract:Aim To determine the prevalence of various body weight metabolic phenotypes in the young and middle-aged population, especially metabolic obesity normal weight (MONW) and metabolic healthy obesity (MHO), and investigate the demographic and behavioral factors related to each phenotype. Methods Taking 44 551 young and middle-aged (30~59 years old) physical examination population from the Health Management Center of the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University as the research object, the population was divided into four phenotypes according to body weight and metabolic status:metabolic healthy normal weight (MHNW), MONW, MHO, and metabolic abnormal obesity (MAO). General data were collected, physical examination and biochemical index detection were performed; Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between lifestyle factors and MONW, MHO phenotypes.Results The prevalence of MHNW, MONW, MHO and MAO phenotypes in the young and middle-aged population were 58.0%, 6.4% (accounting for 10.0% of the normal population), 18.0% and 17.6%, respectively. The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for age and educational level, the MONW phenotype in man was positively correlated with smoking (OR=1.2,5%CI:1.02~1.24), drinking (OR=1.2,5%CI:1.11～1.35), was negatively correlated with healthy eating habits (OR=0.8,5%CI:0.80～0.98). The MONW phenotype in women was negatively correlated with medium and high physical exercise (OR=0.3,5%CI:0.73～0.93) and healthy eating habits (OR=0.0,5%CI:0.71～0.90). Conclusion Among the young and middle-aged population, the prevalence rate of MONW phenotype is 6.4%, which accounts for about 10.0% of the normal constitution population, and the prevalence rate of MHO phenotype is 18.0%, which accounts for about half of the obese population. Metabolic phenotypes have different clinical characteristics among young and middle-aged people of different genders. In order to prevent metabolic abnormalities in people with normal body mass, they should exercise more and eat a healthy diet, especially men who should quit smoking and alcohol.

Abstract:Aim To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of percutaneous coronary intervention via distal transradial artery access. Methods Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China Biomedical Service System (Sinomed), China Knowledge Network (CNKI), Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform (Wanfang Data), VIP and other databases were searched by computer. The search time limit was from Janurary 2017 to May 2020. Two researchers conducted a Meta-analysis after analyzing and evaluating according to the Cochrance bias risk assessment tool.Results A total of 1 617 articles were obtained in various databases and other channels according to a predetermined search strategy, excluding unreasonable research design, no control group or control group as other parts of blood vessels (such as femoral artery, etc.), animal experiments, reviews, systematic reviews, and case reports were excluded. 10 articles were finally selected, Meta analysis results showed that there was no significant difference in the success rate of coronary puncture, the radial artery spasticity, and local hematoma (P＞0.05). However, the the radial artery occlusion was lower (OR＝0.4,5%CI(0.8,0.69),Z＝3.56,P＜0.05) in the distal radial artery path than in the traditional radial artery pathology. Conclusion Distal transradial artery access is safer and more effective than traditional radial artery access for coronary artery intervention. It can reduce radial artery occlusion and can be used as an alternative branch of the traditional route.

Abstract:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by excessive lipid deposition within the liver parenchyma, and is usually accompanied with obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome. Recently, NAFLD has been officially renamed metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD).Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a progressive liver disease that can lead to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma.Currently there are no approved drugs available for NAFLD/NASH treatment. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist not only reverses the progression of NAFLD indirectly through an incretin effect that improves key metabolic parameters involved in NAFLD, but also has a direct effect on lipid metabolism, inflammation and oxidative stress of hepatocytes. Herein, this study reviews the effects and potential mechanisms of GLP-1 receptor agonists on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Abstract:With the incidence rate of coronary heart disease increasing year by year, the research on biomarkers of acute coronary syndrome has been deepened. At present, the clinical biomarkers commonly used in the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome are myoglobin, creatine kinase isoenzyme, troponin, hypersensitive troponin and so on. More and more biomarkers have been found to be useful for early diagnosis, risk stratification and prognosis evaluation of acute coronary syndrome. According to the mechanism and physiological effect of cardiac biomarkers, they can be divided into myocardial cell injury biomarkers, endothelial cell related biomarkers, biomarkers of biological mechanical strain, inflammatory factor related biomarkers and so on. This paper reviews the research progress in this field in recent years.

Abstract:Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a clinical syndrome with atherosclerotic plaque rupture as its main pathological manifestation. Inflammatory response plays an important role in this process. Various immune cells, cytokines and inflammatory mediators participate in and promote the occurrence and development of inflammatory response. In recent years, it has been reported that regulatory T cell (Treg) is a kind of special CD4＋ T cell which can negatively regulate immune function. The number and proportion of Treg in human body have a certain impact on the occurrence and development of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, mandatory spondylitis and systemic lupus erythematosus. At present, most related studies have confirmed the correlation between Treg and ACS. This review will focus on the origin, biological characteristics of Treg, the relationship between Treg and ACS, and the possible mechanism.