Abstract:Aim To investigate the clinical efficacy and preliminary mechanism of Yiqi Huoxue Jiangzhuo decoction combined with butylphthalide in the treatment of transient ischemic attack (TIA). Methods A total of 120 patients with TIA admitted to the First Peoples Hospital of Nanyang from January 2022 to March 2023 were selected as the research subjects and randomly divided into three groups with 40 cases in each group. The control group 1 was given butylphthalide, the control group 2 was given Yiqi Huoxue Jiangzhuo decoction, and the observation group was given Yiqi Huoxue Jiangzhuo decoctionn combined with butylphthalide for 2 months of treatment. After 2 months of treatment, the clinical efficacy and adverse reaction rate were compared among the three groups. The ABCD2 scores, national institute of health stroke scale (NIHSS) scores, and serum biochemical indicators (soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L), lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), peripheral blood Kelch-like epichlorohydrin-related protein-1 (Keap1)-nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling pathway-related protein levels (Keap1, Nrf2, ARE) , and hemodynamic indicators (mean blood flow velocity (Vm), mean blood flow volume (Qm), cerebral vascular resistance (R) were compared before treatment and at 1 and 2 months after treatment in the three groups. Results The total clinical efficacy rate in observation group was significantly higher than that in control group 1 and control group 2 (P＜0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two control groups (P＞0.05). Compared with before treatment, the ABCD2 scores and NIHSS scores in the three groups showed a significant downward trend after 1 month and 2 months of treatment, and the decrease in observation group was larger than that in control group 1 and control group 2 (P＜0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two control groups (P＞0.05). Compared with before treatment, sCD40L, Lp-PLA2, and hs-CRP in the three groups showed a significant downward trend after 1 month and 2 months of treatment, and the decrease in observation group was larger than that in control group 1 and control group 2 (P＜0.05). Compared with before treatment, Keap1 protein in the three groups showed a significant downward trend after 1 month and 2 months of treatment, and the decrease in observation group was larger than that in control group 1 and control group 2 (P＜0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two control groups (P＞0.05). Compared with before treatment, the Nrf2 protein and ARE protein in the three groups showed a significant increase trend after 1 month and 2 months of treatment, and the increase amplitude in observation group was larger than that in control group 1 and control group 2 (P＜0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two control groups (P＞0.05). Compared with before treatment, Qm, Vm of the three groups increased and R decreased significantly at 1 month and 2 months after treatment, and the Qm, Vm in observation group were significantly higher than that in control group 1 and control group 2, while R was significantly lower than that in control group 1 and control group 2 (P＜0.05). Conclusion Yiqi Huoxue Jiangzhuo decoction combined with butylphthalide is more effective than butylphthalide and Yiqi Huoxue Jiangzhuo decoction alone in treating TIA, can improve neurological function, cerebral hemodynamics, inhibit inflammatory response, and has a certain degree of safety, and its mechanism of action is related to the regulation of Keap1-Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway.

Abstract:Atherosclerosis is a complicated pathophysiological process characterized by the accumulation of atheromatous plaque in the arterial wall and subsequent narrowing of the arteries, and it is one of the major causes of the high mortality and disability in cardiovascular disease. The initiation and progression of atherosclerosis is a chronic degenerative process with complicated mechanisms involving multiple cells and molecules. Oxidative stress, a series of adaptive responses caused by the imbalance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidant system, is considered as one of the crucial mechanisms in the development of atherosclerosis. This review presents the relationship between oxidative stress and atherosclerosis from the perspective of the different sources of reactive oxygen species in the organism, summarizes the effects of oxidative stress on different cells, biomolecules and biological processes in atherosclerosis, and briefly describes the clinical research and applications of antioxidant agents in the treatment of atherosclerosis.

Abstract:Aim To explore the correlation between plasma HDL function and coronary artery stenosis and plaque property in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with normal HDLC levels (≥1.03 mmol/L). Methods 129 cases suspected CAD with normal HDLC levels in Yichang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from October 2015 to December 2017 were enrolled, and grouped according to the severity of coronary artery stenosis and plaque property by 64-slice spiral CT coronary angiography (CTA). Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity and HDL oxidation/antioxidant index were detected. Results Compared with non-CAD group, plasma HDLC level and PON1 activity were significantly decreased, and HDL oxidation/antioxidant index was increased in the CAD group, showing an oxidized state, while ApoAI level had no difference. Although there were no difference in HDLC and ApoAI levels, PON1 activity was gradually decreased and HDL oxidation/antioxidant index was increased, accompanying with increased stenosis of coronary artery. The data also showed that PON1 activity of calcified plaque group was higher than that of soft plaque group and mixed plaque group. There is a correlation between PON1 activity and HDLC, HDL oxidation/antioxidant index. Conclusion PON1 activity as an index of HDL function may be a potential biomarker for assessment of the plaque property and severity of CAD.

Abstract:The anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of high density lipoproteins （HDL） are largely due to the paraoxonase 1 （PON1） located on it. PON1 is mainly synthesized in the liver and secreted into the circulation, using very low density lipoprotein （VLDL） as a vehicle to bind with HDL, and transferred between in the HDL subclasses. PON1 possesses a higher activity through interacting with other protein components in HDL, and plays an important role for HDL structure and its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. The change in quantity and activity of PON1 is associated with abnormal structure and the atherogenic “dysfunction” of HDL. In this review we summarize data on the role played by PON1 on HDL structure and function, focusing on the relationship between their binding and interaction and function of HDL.

Abstract:AimTo investigate the effect and mechanism of ferulic acid (FA) on the expression of adhesion molecules and oxidative stress in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC).MethodsAn endothelial cell model of adhesion function damage was established by administration of TNF-α.

Abstract:Aim To compare the differences of high density lipoprotein(HDL) antioxidant activity between normal people and the essential hypertension patients,and to explore the factors that may affect the antioxidant capacity of HDL. Methods Thirty-three patients with essential hypertension and 32 normal people were included.HDL and low density lipoprotein(LDL) were isolated by one-step density grandient ultracentrifugation,and induced oxidation with external Cu 2+.Antioxidant activity of HDL,lag time,lipid peroxidation degree were determined by spectrophotometric and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances methods.Paraoxonase 1(PON1) activity was measured with continuous monitoring using phenylacetate as substrate.Results In essential hypertension patients,the inhibitory effect of HDL on LDL oxidation and the activity of PON1 were reduced(p< 0.05),the lag time of oxidation and the lipid peroxidation degree did not show statistically significant difference.HDL antioxidant capacity was positively correlated with PON1 activity and negatively correlated with systolic pressure,diastolic pressure,and total cholesterol level(with r= 0.317,-0.387,-0.42,-0.259 respectively,p< 0.05).Conclusions HDL antioxidant activity may be one of the most important determinants for the development of atherosclerosis in patients with essential hypertension.The impaired HDL antioxidant activity is affected by high levels of blood pressure,and low activity of PON1.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the preventive effects of polysaccharide krestin (PSK) on myocardial ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. Methods Eight mongrel dogs of male, anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital, underwent 60 min of left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion, followed by 120 min reperfusion (I/R group). Another six dogs (PSK group) were subjected to the same ischemia reperfusion as I/R group, received PSK, which was administered orally, at a dose of 150 mg/kg once daily for two days before thoracotomy. Left ventricular function was evaluated by echocardiography using an echocardiogram and with measurement of left ventricular diastolic pressure (LVDP) by catheterization, and blood samples were taken from coronary venous sinus for the examination of malondialdehyde (MDA), at different time points. The ischemia reperfusion myocardium was examined pathologically. Results LVDP markedly rose before and in early reperfusion in I/R group, but only prior to reperfusion in PSK group. The systolic thickening of ischemia reperfusion myocardium region and left ventricular ejection fraction markedly declined during ischemia in both groups, but progressively improved with the time of reperfusion. In PSK group, the recovery of wall thickening was greater than in I/R group during reperfusion. Plasma MDA concentration during reperfusion in I/R group was higher than its baseline. In PSK group, MDA concentration rose only in early reperfusion, but recovered rapidly. In I/R group, myocardial cellular edema were present and, the fractures of a few myofilaments, the granule loss and swelling of mitochondrias were also seen. The ultrastructural abnormalities were much slighter in PSK group. Conclusion PSK could greatly alleviate the functional impairment and structural abnormalities of ischemia reperfusion myocardium.

Abstract:Aim To look for effective antioxidant to reduce risk of atherosclerosis. Methods The golden harmsters were fed for 10 weeks on a hypercholesterolemic diet. The animals received either vitamin C, vitamin E or juice of rose roxburghii tratt (JRRT) supplement in their diet except control animals. Results The level of corresponding antioxidants in various antioxidant-supplemented animals were increased compared to controls. The antioxidants induced the prolongation of lag time in low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation in vitamin C, vitamin E, JRRT groups compared with controls (221±56 min, 222±60 min, 248±48 min, and 181±47 min, compared between groups,P<0.05, respectively) and decreased the area of atherosclerosis lesion (2.63%±1.35%, 2.44%±1.47%, 1.43%±0.92%, and 5.62%±1.28%, compared between groups,P<0.001, respectively). Regression analysis showed that there was a negative relationship between the area of atherosclerosis lesion and LDL susceptibility. LDL susceptibilty was also correlated with the plasma level of vitamin E. Conclusions Antioxidants decrease extent of atherosclerosis lesion, and this may be caused by change in susceptibility of LDL oxidation. JRRT is a strong antioxidant for reducing risk of atherosclerosis.

Abstract:Aim To investigate whether antioxidants probucol, vitamin E and vitamin C modulate expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules through regulating NF-κB activation. Methods The adhesion of HL60 cell on endothelial cells was measured with adhesion assay in a flow chamber. The effects of the antioxidative substances probucol, vitamin E and vitamin C on the expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules were measured with cell-ELISA. The activation of NF-κB in endothelial cells was investigated in a gel shift assay. Results In TNFα-activated HUVEC, an increase in p65 and p50, a significantly increased expression of E-selectin (3.5 times), and a significantly increased HL60 cell adhesion to HUVECs (4～26 times) were detected. PDTC inhibited these increases. The half-maximal inhibition of PDTC on E-selectin expression and adhesion of HL60 to HUVEC induced by TNFα was at 18 μmol/L and 52 μmol/L, respectively. Probucol, vitamin E and vitamin C showed no effect on TNFα-induced E-selectin expression in endothelialcells, no influence on HL60-endothelial cell adhesion as well as the TNFα-induced activation of NF-κB in endothelial cells. Conclusions These antioxidants could not inhibit adhesion molecule expression.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the effect of antioxidant vitamin E (Vit E) on the cytotoxicity and proliferation of aortic smooth muscle cell (SMC) induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL). Methods The injury and proliferation of SMC were determined by lactic deydrogenase (LDH) release kit and the incorporation of 3 H- TdR and 3 H- Leu into cells respectively. Results Vit E could significantly inhibit SMC from releasing LDH induced by high levels of oxLDL and the incorporation of 3 H-TdR,3 H-Leu caused by oxLDL at low concentrations in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion Antioxidant Vit E has both protective effects on the injury and inhibition effects on the proliferation of aortic SMC induced by oxLDL.