Abstract:Aim To explore the relationship between apolipoprotein CⅢ(ApoCⅢ) gene C3175G,T3206G polymorphism and the levels of serum lipids in male,as well as the multiple risk factors of overweight-obesity.Methods A total 337 males were selected from two hospitals by using DNA sequencing,and the apolipoprotein CⅢ gene C3175G,T3206G polymorphism and the serum lipids were determined and analyzed their relationships were analyzed.Results The genotype frequencies of the CC,CG and GG for ApoCⅢ3175 were 51.93%,40.06% and 8.01%,respectively,and C allele was 71.9% and G allele was 28.04%.The frequencies of TT,TG and GG for ApoCⅢ3206 were 6.82%,32.34% and 60.83%,respectively,and T was 23.0% and G was 77.0%.The carriers of ApoCⅢ3157G could have the higher level of triglyceride(TG).According to stratified selection of TG,there were relationships between ApoCⅢ and TC /LDLC.The mμltiple linear regression showed that abdomen obesity and ApoCⅢC3157G polymorphism might be associated with TG.Conclusion The ApoCⅢC3157G is related to the levels of serum TG and the results were supported the relationships between ApoCⅢT3206G and TC/LDLC in population with high TG.

Abstract:Aim To discuss the relevance between cerebral infarction and carotid atherosclerotic plaque.Methods 47 patients with cerebral infarction were tested by ultrasound,and the site,nature and artery lumen diameter of their plaque were observed and compared with the result detected from 39 patients suffering carotid artery atherosclerotic plaque of the comparative group.Results The carotid artery atherosclerotic plaque of patients with cerebral infarction are mostly unstable plaques and associated with lipid levels(P<0.05),the distribution of carotid atherosclerotic plaque are mostly at the BIF.Conclusions The occurrence of cerebral infarction is closely related to carotid atherosclerotic plaque,the nature and distribution of carotid atherosclerotic plaque has something to do with the lipid levels.Through ultrasonic inspection we can detect the formation of plaque at an early stage,which is critical to the prevention of the occurrence of cerebral infarction.

Abstract:Aim To study the effect of G4A polymorphism on serum lipid level of Han population in Hunan province. Methods G4A Polymorphisms of the scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) gene were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in atherosclerotic cerebral infarction (ACI) patients, cerebral hemorrhage (CH) patients and healthy controls. Results The serum level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) in SR-BI G4A GA+AA genotype subgroup was markedly higher than that in GG genotype subgroup of the same group in ACI group (P<0.05), and it was the same with CH group. The serum level of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) in SR-BI G4A GA+AA genotype subgroup was evidently lower than that in GG genotype subgroup of the same group in ACI group (P<0.05), and it was the same with CH group. The serum level of HDLC in SR-BI G4A GA+AA genotype subgroup was obviously higher than that in GG genotype subgroup of the same group in control group (P<0.05). The serum levels of LDLC and total cholesterol (TC) in SR-BI G4A GA+AA genotype subgroup was significantly higher than those in GG genotype subgroup of the same group in control group (P<0.05). The serum level of HDLC in male ACI group and GA+AA genotype subgroup of CH group was markedly higher while LDLC was markedly lower than that in GG genotype subgroup of the same group. There was no significant difference of body mass indexes and serum level in different genotype subgroups of female ACI group and CH group. Conclusions A allele of SR-BI G4A is possibly associated with the metabolism of HDL and LDL.

Abstract:Aim To estimate the effect of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Cardiotonic Pills(RSMCP)on adhension factors.Methods 30 male New Zealand rabbits were fed with a diet of 1% cholesterol for 12 weeks after they were underwent ballon-induced abdominal arotic wall injury.At the end of the 12 th week,they were randomly divided into 3 groups.3 groups were separately given lower-dose RSMCP(5 pills/d),higher-dose RSMCP(10 pills/d)for 12 weeks,the last group was control group.At the beginning of the experiment,12 th week,and 24 th week,blood samples were collected to measure the lipid profile,concentrations of high sensitive-C reaction protein(hs-CRP);abdominal aorta was measured by high frequency ultrasound.The abdominal aorta were processed and examined by HE stain,immunohistochemical stain for vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1),intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1)and macrophage,and light reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)for mRNA of ICAM-1 and ICAM-1.Results Compared with control group,the RSMCP treatmeant could decrease low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDLC),total cholesterol(TC)and hs-CRP,increase high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDLC),and decrease intima-media thickness(IMT)(p<0.05 or p<0.01);VCAM-1,ICAM-1 and their mRNA,macrophage were decreased in all the treatment group.Conclusions RSMCP can inhibit the expression of adhesion factors,so inhibit inflammation on atherosclerosis,and postpone atherosclerotic progress in rabbits.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the effect of curcumin on the expression of matrix matalloproteinase-9 in the aorta atherosclerotic rabbits. Methods Thirty male Japanese White rabbits were fed with high-cholesterol diet for two consecutive months. After atherosclerotic model was established, the remaining animals were randomly divided into two groups: the control group and treatment group. Both groups were fed with standard diet for next one month. Additionally, the treatment group received an oral curcumin at dose 200 mg/kg, and the control group received an oral curcumin-free sodium chloride solution daily during experiment. Before and after the curcumin therapy period, the blood sample were collected in both groups. Serum was separated and used for the assessment of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) and triglyceride. After three months, all animals were killed. Entire aortas were rapidly dissected out, and the ratio of atherosclerotic plaque was examined. The aortic arch was selected for histological examinations and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H & E). The expression of MMP-9 was examined with semiquantitative analysis immunohistochemistry in the aorta. Results Both treatment and control group had eight rabbits for analysis. After curcumin treatment for one month, compared with the control group, the treatment group decreased serum triglyceride by 23.5% (0.75±0.15 mmol/L vs 0.98±0.20 mmol/L, P=0.024), total cholesterol by 21.6% (3.52±0.66 mmol/L vs 4.49±0.80 mmol/L,P=0.020) and LDLC by 30.3% (2.05±0.43 mmol/L vs 2.94±0.72 mmol/L,P=0.009), but increased HDLC by 16.3% (1.14±0.15 mmol/L vs 0.98±0.14 mmol/L,P=0.040). Curcumin inhibited the atherosclerotic development in experimental rabbits, the ratio of plaque with area reduced obviously in treatment group as compared to those of control group (22.61%±7.95% vs 42.28%±19.34%,P=0.025). The stained intensity, ratio of positive cell and total score of MMP-9 immunohistochemistry expression were significantly lower in treatment group than those in control group. Conclusion Curcumin could decrease the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in the aorta and attenuate atherosclerotic development in rabbits.

Abstract:Aim To observe the effects of simvastatin on nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)-DNA binding activity and on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-1 and 3 in atherosclerotic plaque in rabbits and to explore the anti-atherosclerotic properties beyond its lipid-lowering effects. Methods Thirty-six New Zealand male rabbits were randomly divided into low cholesterol group(LC),high cholesterol group(HC),high cholesterol+simvastatin group(HC+S),and then were fed for 12 weeks.At the end of experiment,standard enzymatic assay,electrophoretic mobility shift assay(EMSA),immunohistochemistry staining,and morphometry were performed to observe serum lipids,NF-κB-DNA binding activity,MMP-1 and 3 protein expression,intima thickness and plaque area of aorta respectively in all three groups. Results The serum lipids,NF-κB-DNA binding activity,expression of MMP-1 and 3 protein and intima thickness of aorta in the LC group and HC+S group were significantly lower than those in the HC group(p<0.05).There was no significant difference in the serum lipids between the LC group and HC+S group(p<0.05),but the NF-κB-DNA binding activity,the expression of MMP-1 and 3 protein and the intima thickness of aorta in the HC+S group were significantly decreased compared with the LC group(p<0.05). Conclusions This study demonstrates that simvastatin could inhibit the NF-κB-DNA binding activity,reduce the expression of MMP-1 and 3 protein,and decrease atherosclerosis.

Abstract:Aim To evaluate the risk factors,renal functions,and serum lipid levels of atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis(ARAS) patients,and analyze the correlation between them and the extent and severity of renal artery lesion. Methods Renal functions and serum lipids were measured in 70 patients with ARAS.They were analyzed and compared with those in 62 healthy controls. Results The morbilities of hypertension,coronary artery disease,chronic renal dysfunction and hyperlipoidemia were significantly increased compared with the controls(p<0.01).There were significant differences in blood urea nitrogen(BUN),serum creatinine(SCr),total cholesterol(TC),high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL),apolipoprotein A1(apo A1) in the ARAS patients compared with the controls(p<0.05 or p<0.01),BUN,SCr and TC have significant differences in the different extent and severity of ARAS patients(p<0.01). Conclusion Hypertension,coronary artery disease,chronic renal dysfunction and hyperlipoidemia are risk factors for ARAS.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the relationship between G protein β3 subunit gene polymorphism and obesity in hypertensive patients. Methods Polymerase chain reaction combined with restriction enzyme digestion was used to detect the polymorphism of G protein of β3 subunit gene in 147 normotensive controls and 321 hypertensive patients. Body mass index was measured. Serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting serum glucose were determined in hypertensive patients. Results There were no significant differences of the G protein β3 subunit gene C825T polymorphism genotypes and alleles between hypertensive patients (CC 28.7%, CT 52%, TT 19.3% and C 50.7%, T 49.3%) and normotensive controls (CC 27.2%, CT 46.9%, TT 25.9% and C 50.7%, T 49.3%). Body mass index, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and fasting serum glucose did not differ significantly between CC and CT+TT genotype in hypertensive patients. Conclusion The C825T polymorphism of G protein β3 subunit was not associated with obesity in hypertensive patients.

Abstract:Aim To study the protecting effect of Polygoni Multiflori total glycosides(PMTG)on the atherosclerotic lesion formation. Methods Thirty-two female apolipoprotein E gene deficiency mice were randomized into four groups: PMTG high dose group [150 mg/(kg·d)],low dose group [25 mg/(kg·d)],atorvastatin positive control group [5 mg/(kg·d)],and blank control group. At the end of the tenth week, all mice were killed. The serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC)were measured by enzyme dynamics method. Light microscopy were adopted to assess the degree of As lesions of aortic wall and image analysis was performed with computer. Results As compared with the blank control group, 1.PMTG could reduce the levels of serum TC, TG significantly (TC: 649.3±72.2 mg/dL, 632.6±55.1 mg/dL, 497.4±140.8 mg/dL vs 809.4±42.6 mg/dL, respectively, p<0.01; TG: 126.6±48.1 mg/dL, 145.6±37.9 mg/dL, 172.1±15.7 mg/dL vs 253.3±42.6 mg/dL, respectively, p<0.01); but elevate HDLC level significantly(117.1±14.9 mg/dL, 113.5±23.3 mg/dL, 126.7±12.8 mg/dL vs 67.3±10.6 mg/dL, respectively, p<0.01). There are no differences beween cured groups in the serum level of blood lipids (p>0.05). 2.It could also reduce the extent of atherosclerotic lesion and the aorta plaque areas were significantly lower (3.97%±0.62%, 3.11%±0.01%, 0.86%±0.07% vs 18.50%±6.54%, respectively, p<0.05). Conclusion The resulting data provide the occurrence and the development of atherosclerotic lesions could be inhibited by the PMTG because of its lipid-regulated ability.

Abstract:Aim To test the effects of Xanthone on the serum lipids and oxidative state of hypercholesterolemic rats. Methods In the preventive experiment, the rats were treated with Xanthone (10, 30 and 90 mg/kg) for 2 days and then treated with cholesterol for 10 days in the presence of Xanthone; In the therapeutic experiment, after the rats were fed with food containing cholesterol for 4 weeks to induce hypercholesterolemia, the animals were treated with Xanthone for 3 weeks. Serum lipid and malondialdohyde were measured. Results Xanthone, given preventively or therapeutically, markedly decreased total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol level. Moreover, in the therapeutic experiment, xanthone also decreased malondialdohyde content. Conclusion Xanthone could decrease serum lipid and malondialdohyde level of hypercholesterolemic rats.