Aim To observe the changes of thromboxane B₂ (TXB₂), 6-ket-Prostaglandin F1α (PGF), antithrombin Ⅲ, plasminogen in experimental carotid atherosclerosis model using air-drying in the cholesterol-fed rabbits. Methods 54 male Japanese White rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups. The first group was fed by normal diet as empty control (n=6), the second group was fed by high-cholesterol diet as cholesterol-fed control groups (n=24),the third group was fed by high-cholesterol diet and treated by air-drying as experimental group (n=24). Animals were sacrificed at various times (from 3 days to 4 weeks) after surgery in the experimental groups and at the corresponding times in the control groups. The level of the blood lipid, thromboxane B₂, PGF, antithrombin Ⅲ and plasminogen were detected. Results The typical carotid atherosclerosis was observed in the experimental groups. The activity of antithrombin Ⅲ decreased significantly (P<0.001) and the activity of plasminogen increased significantly (P<0.001) at 4 week after air-dying in the third group. Thromboxane B₂ and thromboxane B₂/prostaglandin F in cholesterol-fed and experimental groups significantly increased compared with the empty control group (P<0.05). Conclusions The typical carotid atherosclerosis lesion can induced by air-drying in the cholesterol-fed rabbit. the pathology changes and its mechanisms were correlated with the thromboxane B₂, prostaglandin F, antithrombin Ⅲ and plasminogen changes after intimal injury.