Aim To evaluate the effect and feasibility of domestic afterloading system in the prevention of restenosis after vascular angioplasty. Methods Atherosclerotic models in domestic microswine were established with the standard method of vascular injury plus hypercholesterol food. Angioplasty with oversized balloon was undertaken in bilateral internal and external iliac arteries in 16 weeks. The target vessels were randomized in to irradiation group and control group. 192 Ir afterloading system were employed for the endovascular irradiation therapy in irradiation group, and the radiation dose was 20～25 Gy. The target vessels were harvested for the study of vascular remodeling at the end of the 12th week and the 24th week respectively. Results The areas of intima and media were smaller, but the residual cavity areas were larger significantly in irradiation group than in control group (p<0.01, 0.05, 0.01, respectively). However, there was no significant difference between the two areas beneath external elastic lamina (p>0.05). Conclusion Endovascular irradiation with 192 Ir afterloading system might reduce restenosis by effecting the vascular remodeling after angioplasty.