Aim To discuss the function of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) in foam cell formation and the role of VLDL receptor (VLDLR) in this process. Methods Macrophage cells separated from mouse abdominal cavity were incubated with three lipoproteins, VLDL, β-VLDL, and low density lipoprotein (LDL) for 24 h, 48 h respectively. The content of triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) in cells was examined, and the foam cells formation was identified by oil red O dying. The mRNA expression level of LDLR, LRP and VLDLR was measured by half-quantitation RT-PCR. Results The content of TG and TC increased by all three lipoprotein; VLDLR was upregulated by VLDL and β-VLDL while LDLR was downregulated and LRP was upregulated a little. Conclusion The experiment in the ldl-a7-VR cells which can steadily express VLDLR shows that the uptake of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) mediated by VLDLR plays an important role in the accumulation of lipids and the foam cell formation.