Aim Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF β1) and hyperlipidemia are involved in the pathogenesis of chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) and atherosclerosis post renal transplantation. In this study, the mRNA expressions of TGF β1 and its receptor TGF β R3 were measured to investigate the mRAN expressions of MCP-1 and CCR2 in peripheral blood monocyte cells of renal transplant recipients and the influence by Simvastatin treatment. Methods Sixty recipients were selected from 167 renal transplant recipients and divided into group without hyperlipidemia (n=30) and hyperlipidemia group (n=30). Control group consists of 30 healthy volunteers. The patients with hyperlipidemia were treated with Simvastatin for 3 months. The mRNA expressions of TGF β1 and TGF β R3 were detected with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results The serum lipid levels and the mRNA expression of TGF β1 and TGF β R3 in renal transplant recipients were significantly higher than that in controls. The mRNA expression of TGF β1 and TGF β R3 in patients with hyperlipidemia were more significantly higher than that in the patients without hyperlipodemia (P=0.000), and the serum lipid levels and the mRNA expression of TGF β1 and TGF β R3 decreased gradually at 1.5 months and 3 months after treated with Simvastatin. Conclusions Hyperlipidmia in renal transplantrecipients might result in upregulated mRNA expression of TGF β1 and TGF β R3 in renal transplant recipients, Simvastatin treatment may decrease the serum lipid levels and the mRNA expression of TGF β1 and TGF β R3 in peripheral mononuclear cells, and it may be one of the important mechanism to prevent CAN and atherosclerosis in renal recipients with hyperlipidemia.