Aim To study the influence of polygonatic Rhizome on the blood lipid level and its antiatherogenetic effet in experimental hyperlipoidemic rabbits. Methods Fourty adult Newzil and rabbits were randomly divided into normal control group, hypercholesterol model group, Xiezhikang group and polygonatic Rhizome group. Each group was fed respectively with common forage, high cholesterol forage,high cholesterol forage andding xiezhikang and high cholesterol forage andding polygonatic Rhizome. At week 0, 4 and 8,the level of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC)and lipoprotein (a) were determined with enzyme method. At the end of week 8,all rabbits were killed to observe the formation of aorta arteriosclerosis with microscope. Results At the and of week 4(before treatment), the levels of serum TC( 10.5 ±1.6, 11.1±2.0 and 11.2±1.9 mmol/L respectively), LDLC(9.28±1.83, 10.04±2.04 and 10.7±1.89 mmol/L respectively), lipoprotein (a)(649±113, 713±101 and 641±108 mg/L respectively) in hypercholesterol group, xiezhikang group and polygonatic Rhzame group were signifycantly higher than that in the control group(serum TC 1.4±0.3 mmol/L, serum LDLC 1.21±0.19 mmol/L, serum lipoprotein (a)63.3±11.2 mg/L, p<0.01). At the end of week 8(after treatment), the level of serum TC(5.9±2.0 mmol/L), LDLC(4.35±1.64 mmol/L)and lipoprotein (a)(45.3±14.0 mg/L) in polygronatic Rhizome group were signifycantly decreased than that in the and of week 4 (p<0.01). The formation of the aortic foam cells in polygonatic Rhizome group (20%) was significantly lower than that in hypercholesterol group (100%,p<0.01). Conclusion Polygonatic Rhizome has the effect of cholesterl-lowering and anti-atherosclerosis in the experimental rabbits, its mechanism needs future explore.