Aim To create an animal model for local change of shear stress to analyze the arterial wall response to different shear stress.Methods A stenosis is modeled by a ring attached to the wall of the left common carotid artery to change flow condition.Numerical simulation of blood flow in the stenosis aorta was performed to obtain the distribution of flow field and wall shear stress.Rabbits were fed normal food,which were sacrificed and arteries were obtained after 4 weeks.The pathological slides were prepared and stained for optical microscopic observation.The content of cholesterol in arteries wall was assayed with High Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC).The lipid in plaque was detected with oil red O.Results Blood flow was disturbed significantly at immediate proximal and distal vicinity of stenosis.The shear stress in proximal part of ringer was obviously increased(6 Pa),while the shear stress in distal of ring decreased(0～0.3 Pa).At the end of 4 weeks,rabbits had obviously plaque in proximal part and backend of ringer,while the lesion in proximal part is more severity than distal of ringer.Plaque mainly composed with macrophage derived foam cells at proximal of stenosis,while plaque of distal of stenosis mainly composed with smooth muscle cells.Oil red O shows that there were a great deal of lipid deposited in proximal of stenosis and distal of stenosis.The content of cholesterol in proximal of stenosis(7.6±2.1 mg/g) and distal of stenosis(5.6±1.8 mg/g) was more than control(1.3±0.5 mg/g).Conclusions Shear stress attributed to the neointimal and atherosclerosis,while the high or low shear stress may play different roles to the formation and development of plaque.