Aim Using a rabbit common carotid arteries balloon injury stenosis model,to observe the influence of proteasome inhibitor MG132 on vascular stenosis and expression of ubiquitin and caspase-3. Methods 30 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into control group,the balloon injury group and MG132 group. After the rabbits were fed respectively for 8 weeks,their common carotid arteries were made pathology section. Ubiquitin and caspase-3 protein expression were measured by immunohistochemistry. Results The expression of ubiquitin protein was remarkably inhibited (P<0.01) and caspase-3 was up-regulated (P<0.01) by MG132. Conclusion The inhibitory effect on vascular stenosis of proteasome inhibitor MG132 may associate with interdicting ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and up-regulating caspase-3 expression.