Aim To study the distribution,correlation and its significance of CD68-positive macrophages with the coronary atherosclerotic lesion types and luminal stenosis in human coronary atherosclerotic lesions. Methods 312 of coronary artery tissue samples were selected in 53 caes of autopsy.Coronary atherosclerotic lesion and its types were diagnosed by light microscope,and in coronary atherosclerotic lesions,CD68-positive macrophages were counted by using immunohistochemistry,and the degree of lumen stenosis,area of lipid necrotic core and calcifying matrix were detected and calculated by using the Scion image software systems. Results Area of lipid necrotic core was significantly greater in the high cholesterol group than in the normal cholesterol group(P<0.05),and area of calcifying matrix was significantly different between the early lesions(typeⅠ～Ⅲ) and advanced lesions(typeⅣ～Ⅵ;P<0.05).CD68-positive macrophages in coronary atherosclerotic lesions were increased with progress of coronary atherosclerotic lesions and aggravation of luminal stenosis,and positive correlation(P<0.01),respectively,and had significant differences among lesion types,and degree of luminal stenosis as well as between normal cholesterol and high cholesterol groups(P<0.05). Conclusions CD68-positive macrophages in coronary atherosclerotic lesions are increased with progress of coronary atherosclerotic lesions and aggravation of luminal stenosis,indicating that infiltration of CD68-positive macrophage initiates and aggravates the coronary atherosclerotic lesions,and a large number of macrophages mainly infiltrated in the shoulder area and increased lipid necrotic core of plaque,which are associated with progress of coronary atherosclerotic lesions,unstable plaque rupture,and the occurrence of complications in coronary atherosclerosis.