Aim To study whether very low density lipoprotein(VLDL) vaccination in neonatal rats could induce immue tolerance against VLDL and explore the neonatal vaccination's effects on blood lipids and endothelin. Methods 40 Wistar male rats(weight 150～180 g) were selected,hyperlipidemic rats were built,VLDL were distilled by density-gradient centrifuge and the protein content was measured.The neonatal Wistar male rats were selected within 4 hours and divided into two groups randomly,while VLDL group was intraperitoneally injected 0.3 mg VLDL and control group saline.After 3 weeks,part of rats with VLDL were challenged,the serum anti-VLDL was measured.Then the rest of rats were given high fat diet for 60 days,the capacity of T cell proliferation,the level of serum lipids and the level of serum endothelin were measured respectively. Results Compared with control group,serum anti-VLDL and the capacity of T cell proliferation in VLDL group were significantly reduced(P><0.05).There were no significant difference on serum lipids and endothelin between the two groups. Conclusion Neonatal VLDL vaccination could induce specific immune tolerance.