Biomechanical stress existing in the human body plays a pivotal role in the progression of human development, growth or diseases.But how the mechanical stress acts on the organism leading to a series of changed pathophysiology is an attractive issue.Significantly advanced progresses concerning mechanical stress-related tissue or cell remodeling have been made in the recent years, especially in cardiovascular area.For instance, we already realized that mechanical stress resulted from increased blood pressure (e.g. hypertension) or abnormal hemodynamics due to altered angioarchitecture (e.g. atherosclerosis) may not only be an initiator but also be a terminator in the development, maintenance or promotion of the cardiovascular diseases.Thus, mechanical stress as an independent risk factor has more obviously deleterious effects on changed structure and function of blood vessels compared with most of other growth factors and active polypeptides.This review will focus on the current advances from our and other investigators regarding the effects of mechanical stress on normal structure, function, and diseases of blood vessels.