Aim To investigate the protective effection of atorvastatin on cardiovascular in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Methods The new import maintenance hemodialysis （MHD） patients （100 cases） were randomly divided into atorvastatin treatment group （n＝50） and control group （n＝50）. Before and after the study, hemoglobin, serum lipids, liver and kidney function, and markers of myocardial damage in patients of the two groups were detected with conventional method, dynamic blood pressure changes were also monitored. Before and after the study, changes of coronary vascular stenosis and calcification in patients of the two groups were analyzed by 64 row spiral CT coronary angiography. At the same time, the incidence of cardiovascular events in patients of the two groups were comparatively analyzed. Results In atorvastatin treatment group, before and after the study, no significant differences was found in vascular number of small coronary arteries stenosis≥50%, vascular number of small coronary arteries stenosis＜50%, and vascular number of no vascular stenosis, respectively, but in control group, at the end of the study, vascular number of small coronary arteries stenosis≥50% and vascular number of small coronary arteries stenosis＜50% were obviously increased, and vascular number of no vascular stenosis was distinctly decreased compared with that before the study （P<0.05）. At the beginning of the study, there was no statistically significant difference of the average level of coronary artery calcification between the two groups （P>0.05）. In atorvastatin treatment group, no significant increase was found in the average level of coronary artery calcification at the end of the study compared with that at the beginning of the study （P>0.05）, but in control group, the average level of coronary artery calcification was distinctly increased after the study, compared with that before the study, and compared with that at the end of the study in atorvastatin treatment group （P<0.05）. At the end of the study, the average level of myocardial injury markers was significantly lower than that at the beginning of the study in atorvastatin treatment group and at the end of the study in control group, at the same time, in control group, the rate of cardiovascular events was significantly higher than that in atorvastatin treatment group （P<0.05）. Conclusions The cardiovascular protective effect of atorvastatin calcium on the new import MHD patients was probably carried out through inhibition of coronary vascular calcification and/ or lipid lowering.